94 GHz TE_(6,2)模式Denisov辐射器的研究

准光辐射器是回旋管内置准光模式变换器的重要组成部分.采用几何光学理论分析了圆波导中高阶旋转模式电磁波的准光传输特性,分析了螺旋非规则光滑圆波导中电磁波的传输和模式耦合机理,推导任意扰动的圆波导内模式间的耦合波方程及其相关系数.根据耦合波理论编制准光模式变换器的数值计算程序,分析了Denisov型辐射器内激励起的波导模式的功率分布规律和波导壁上的纵向磁场分布,以及辐射器螺旋切口的辐射场的分布和辐射波束的特征,并采用三维全波仿真软件进行对比模拟.优化了工作频率为94 GHz,TE6,2模式的Denisov型辐射器,其输出功率效率高达98%;加工成实物并内置于回旋振荡内进行热测实验,在回旋管的输出窗处获得了高斯分布的烧斑图.此结果表明测试结果与计算基本一致.     

95 GHz TE03模回旋管内置渐变波导设计

在耦合波理论的基础上,结合波导渐变曲线给出了普适高阶渐变波导设计方法,研究了95 GHz回旋管内置 TE03模式改进Dolph-Chebychev渐变波导。采用编制的数值计算程序进行优化,得到了可靠的最优几何参量,设计出了紧凑的95 GHz渐变波导。经全电磁场仿真验证,该内置渐变输出结构对杂模的抑制达30 dB,满足设计要求。回旋管的热测实验中测出的模式样图表明,所设计的内置渐变波导有效地实现了回旋管内径变化。该方法可以高效地指导高阶过模圆波导渐变结构的设计。     

不同材料回旋管输出窗的临界热耗散功率

 从陶瓷介质材料的临界温度差出发,研究了不同材料的回旋管输出窗的临界热耗散功率。针对TE₀₁,TE11和TE₀₂模式的电磁波通过窗片时发生的不同加热模式进行分析,比较了氧化铝窗片、氧化铍窗片、氮化硼窗片和蓝宝石窗片的热功率承受能力。另外,研究了窗片厚度变化时,不同材料窗片的临界热耗散功率的变化情况。研究表明：蓝宝石和氧化铍窗片表现出较好的热功率耗散能力,其中以蓝宝石窗片最为出色;氧化铝和氮化硼窗片的热功率耗散能力相对较弱;随着窗片厚度的增加,4种材料的临界热耗散功率均有不同程度的变大,其中以蓝宝石和氧化铍窗片更为明显。     

双共焦波导结构二次谐波太赫兹回旋管谐振腔设计

准光共焦波导具有功率容量大、模式密度低的特点,能够有效地减少模式竞争对回旋管互作用的影响,有利于高次谐波太赫兹回旋管的设计.为提高太赫兹准光回旋管的互作用效率,在共焦柱面波导的基础上,研究了一种新型高频互作用结构——双共焦波导结构,设计了一种330 GHz二次谐波双共焦结构回旋管谐振腔并对其进行了理论分析和粒子模拟.研究结果表明,双共焦谐振腔中的高阶模式能够与高次电子回旋谐波发生稳定的相互作用,并且没有模式竞争现象,具备工作在太赫兹波段的潜力.相比普通共焦波导谐振腔,双共焦谐振腔能够增强准光回旋管的注波互作用强度,提高回旋管的输出功率和工作效率.此外,结果还表明双共焦波导中的电磁波模式是一种由两个独立的共焦波导模式叠加而成的混合模式.利用这种混合模式有望实现太赫兹回旋管的单注双频工作,为新型太赫兹辐射源的研究提供了新的途径.     

Q波段回旋行波管新型盒型输出窗的设计

利用等效电路理论,初步设计了窗片厚度为1.32mm的回旋行波管盒型输出窗,再加入感性膜片,更改窗片形状,最终设计出了能承受25kW平均功率、相对带宽达到14%、窗片厚度达到1.7mm的Q波段新型宽频带回旋行波管盒型输出窗;采用高频软件HFSS与有限元分析软件ANSYS协同仿真的新方法对回旋行波管盒型窗进行热特性研究表明,盒型窗理论上功率容量达到62kW平均功率,说明输出窗窗片承受25kW平均功率的可行性,窗片中心与边缘的温差为66℃,没有达到陶瓷窗片的临界温差158℃,验证了新型盒型窗设计的合理性。     

Q波段回旋行波管宽带高平均功率输出窗设计与热分析

利用场匹配理论建立传输级联矩阵的方法对多层窗片结构输出窗进行研究,通过大量的数值计算给出Q波段回旋行波管一种新型中间风冷结构输出窗的参数,然后通过数值计算和HFSS仿真验证,该新型输出窗在46~50GHz范围内,S11反射系数小于-20dB。在此基础上进一步对该输出窗进行热分析,热分析表明:新型输出窗窗片中心与边缘温差与传统输出窗相比大幅下降,热应力大大减小,提高了输出窗的功率容量。回旋行波管工作在TE01模式时,新型输出窗获得的最大饱和功率容量达到90kW,与传统输出窗相比,功率容量提高了21.8kW。     

介质加载回旋行波管小信号分析

 应用分析回旋行波管绝对不稳定性的Briggs-Bers相碰判据与小信号色散方程，结合介质加载波导的冷场分析，数值计算并比较了不同介质加载条件下回旋行波管工作模式的起振电流与寄生模式的起振长度。改变加载介质的特性参数可以增加行波损耗从而显著提高工作模式起振电流，并抑制掉寄生模式的返波振荡。结合介质加载波导冷场分析与回旋行波管小信号色散方程，分析了介质加载条件下回旋行波管小信号增益，计算得出了不同介质加载条件下的回旋行波管的小信号增益带宽曲线。     

Kα波段介质加载回旋行波管小信号分析与设计

应用分析回旋行波管绝对不稳定性的Briggs-Bers相碰判据与小信号色散方程,并结合介质加载波导的冷场分析,通过数值计算比较了不同介质加载条件下回旋行波管工作模式的起振电流与寄生模式的起振长度,通过改变加载介质的特性参数从而增加行波损耗可以显著提高工作模式起振电流,并抑制掉寄生模式的返波振荡.结合介质加载波导冷场分析与回旋行波管小信号色散方程,分析了介质加载条件下回旋行波管小信号增益,给出了不同介质加载条件下的回旋行波管的小信号增益带宽曲线.在对介质回旋行波管自激振荡与小信号增益的综合分析基础上,对Kα 关键词： Kα波段介质加载回旋行波管 绝对不稳定性 自激振荡 小信号增益     

Kα波段介质加载回旋行波管小信号分析与设计

应用分析回旋行波管绝对不稳定性的Briggs-Bers相碰判据与小信号色散方程，并结合介质加载波导的冷场分析，通过数值计算比较了不同介质加载条件下回旋行波管工作模式的起振电流与寄生模式的起振长度，通过改变加载介质的特性参数从而增加行波损耗可以显著提高工作模式起振电流，并抑制掉寄生模式的返波振荡.结合介质加载波导冷场分析与回旋行波管小信号色散方程，分析了介质加载条件下回旋行波管小信号增益，给出了不同介质加载条件下的回旋行波管的小信号增益带宽曲线.在对介质回旋行波管自激振荡与小信号增益的综合分析基础上，对Kα     

0.14THz行波管的设计与实验研究

以折叠波导作为为慢波结构进行研究分析,利用三维电磁仿真软件HFSS和CST,对0.14THz行波管模型进行了折叠波导慢波结构、电子光学系统和输入输出窗等的模拟设计,并完成了整管的PIC注波互作用的仿真计算与优化。进行了整管的焊接工艺设计和热测实验,研制出的样管在电压15.4kV、电流17.4mA下,脉冲工作输出最大功率为8.3 W,输出中心频率为140.8GHz,最大增益为28dB,-3dB带宽为2.9GHz。     

Design of a RF window for 170 GHz, 1 MW gyrotron for ECRH application

This paper describes the design of a large sized diamond window for 1 MW, 170 GHz gyrotron. The diameter and the thickness of the diamond window are 80 mm and 1.482 mm, respectively, whose edge is directly cooled by water. The CST microwave studio has been used for the S-parameter, and finite element analysis code ANSYS has been used for the thermal and the structural simulation. The return loss (S₁₁) and insertion loss (S₂₁) of the 170 GHz gyrotron window have been found −39.80 dB and −0.011 dB, respectively. The thermal and structural analysis of RF window the 397 K temperature at disk center and maximum displacement 0.01 mm has been found in the window disk during the thermal analysis.     

Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of Single-Disc Edge-Cooled Silicon Nitride Millimeter Wave Window for 200 kW CW Gyrotrons

This paper investigates the possibility of using Silicon Nitride Composite (Kyocera SN-287) as single-disc, edge-cooled window for gyrotrons operating below 200 kW CW in the frequency range 28-42 GHz. Rotationally symmetric TE_0n, and TEM₀₀ Gaussian modes of rf transmission through the window have been considered. Analysis performed using a one dimensional (1D) finite difference (FD) code reveals that thermal stresses developed due to non-uniform temperature distribution on the disc surface are well within manageable limits for a 200 kW 42 GHz gyrotron proposed for some ECRH applications. For industrial gyrotrons, for microwave material processing and operating at a maximum power level of 100 kW CW, Si₃N₄ windows may be a cost effective replacement for sapphire windows. It is found that a TE₀₂ profile results in lower peak temperature at the window disc in comparison to a Gaussian beam profile and allows the use of smaller discs.     

Analysis of a Complete Gyrotron Oscillator Using the Scattering Matrix Description

Complete harmonic gyrotron oscillators in axial arrangement including cavity, uptapers, collector waveguide and output window have been numerically simulated using a scattering matrix resonator code. The output mode purity and the influence of window reflections on the performance of a step-tunable, very high frequency gyrotron, Gyrotron FU IV A, at Fukui University was analyzed.     

D-band frequency step-tuning of A 1 MW gyrotron using a brewster output window

In order to demonstrate the usability of gyrotron oscillators as frequency step tunable high power millimeter-wave sources, experiments on a 1 MW, 140 GHz TE_22,6 gyrotron with a built-in quasi-optical (q. o.) mode converter have been performed. By varying the operating parameters of the tube, a series of oscillations in the frequency range from 114 GHz to 166 GHz were excited. To avoid reflections, caused by the required vacuum barrier window, the gyrotron was equipped with a Brewster window. The achieved output power levels between 0.85 and 1.05 MW are compared to measurements carried out with the same tube using a conventional single-disk window. These experiments showed that even by using a q. o. mode converter, the influence of window reflections on the gyrotron oscillatory behavior cannot be removed completely.     

A CVD-Diamond Disk Brewster Window for a Frequency Step-Tunable 1 MW Gyrotron

Output window design is one of the key issues for realizing broadband output of a multi-frequency gyrotron. Corresponding to the recent development of a frequency step-tunable 1 MW gyrotron at FZK, this paper reports about a newly designed ultra-broadband CVD-diamond disk Brewster window. The detailed calculations of mm-wave transmission characteristics are given, and measurement results of the disk loss tangent and its distribution across the disk are also presented. The geometry of the window unit has been optimized to keep the window reflections low over a wide angular range around the Brewster angle.     

Thermal Modelling of Edge-Cooled Single Disc Gyrotron Windows Using a One-Dimensional Finite Difference Computer Code

A one - dimensional finite - difference computer code has been developed and shown to be quite effective in thermal design and analysis of various plane edge-cooled single - disc windows for gyrotrons with Gaussian rf beam output. The program has a modular structure and is flexible enough to suit specific requirements of users; it can handle nonlinearity. Results obtained for various CVD diamond window cases compare well with the experiment and with the results obtained using ABACUS, a well-established 3-D Finite Element code. Results indicate that a CVD diamond disc with 94 mm diameter and edge cooled by water at 293 K will ensure the passage of 1 MW CW at 140 GHz. A fused quartz window, with 60 mm diamter and operating at 165 GHZ on a 1.5 MW pulsed coaxial gyrotron has also been analysed for its transient characteristics and results are presented.     

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介绍了HL-2A装置ECRH系统传输效率的测量方法。通过对MOU、回旋管输出窗口及真空密封窗口吸收功率的测量,得到HL-2A电子回旋系统的传输效率为90％左右。提出了除由MOU处测量微波功率外,可以由传输线的其他部位确定功率的方法。     

HL-2A装置ECRH系统传输效率的测量研究

介绍了HL-2A装置ECRH系统传输效率的测量方法。通过对MOU、回旋管输出窗口及真空密封窗口吸收功率的测量,得到HL-2A电子回旋系统的传输效率为90％左右。提出了除由MOU处测量微波功率外,可以由传输线的其他部位确定功率的方法。     

Electromagnetic Analysis and Cold Test of a Distributed Window for a High Power Gyrotron

A novel distributed window for output radiation from a high power 110 GHz gyrotron is made of thin slats of sapphire interleaved and brazed to hollow metal vanes. We report the results of electromagnetic theory and cold test of this distributed window. We calculate the frequency dependence of the reflectivity of a Gaussian beam from the window. The theory indicates a significant frequency shift of the minimum reflectivity with temperature rise of the sapphire slab. This effect is of great importance for high power operation. In cold test, the distributed window reflectivity was measured while the window was heated. The cold test results are in good agreement with the theory.