表面活性剂复配混合胶束对酯碱性水解反应的影响

应用紫外分光光度法和热动力学法研究了芳香酸酯和正脂肪酸乙酯在表面活性剂复配事胶束（ＳＤＳ－Ｂ３５，ＤＴＡＢ－Ｂｒｉｊ－３５，ＴＴａｂ－Ｂｒｉｊ３５，ＣＴＡＢ－Ｂｒｉｊ３５，ＣＢＡＢ－Ｔｒｉｔｏｎ Ｘ－１００，ＳＤＳ－Ｔｒｉｔｏｎ Ｘ－１００）中的碱性水解反应，复配胶束对酯的碱性水解反应起禁阻作用，其禁阻作用比单一胶束的禁阻作用强，并讨论了复配胶束对酯碱解起禁阻作用的原因。     

阳、阴、非离子表面活性剂胶束对酯碱性水解的影响

应用紫外分光光度法和热动力学方法研究了芳香酸酯和正脂肪酸酯在表面活性剂ＤＴＡＢ、ＴＴＡＢ、ＣＴＡＢ、ＳＤＳ、Ｂｒｉｊ３５、ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００胶束中的碱性水解反应。阳、阴、非离子表面活性剂胶束对酯的碱性水解均有禁阻作用。讨论了胶束对酯碱性水解禁阻作用的原因。     

阳,阴,非离子表面活性剂胶束对酯碱性水解的影响

应用紫外分光光度法和热动力学方法研究了芳香酸酯和正脂肪酸酯在表面活性剂ＤＴＡＢ、ＴＴＡＢ、ＣＴＡＢ、ＳＤＳ、Ｂｒｉｊ３５、Ｔｒｉｔｏｎ Ｘ－１００胶束中的碱性水解反应，阳、阴、非离子表面活性剂胶束对酯的碱必水解均有禁阻作用，讨论了胶束对酯碱性水解禁阻作用的原因。     

表面活性剂和四烷基溴化铵的复配：Ⅲ.四烷基溴化铵碳氢链长对 …

本文考察了四烷基溴化铵（ＴＡＡＢ）碳氢链长对离子型表面活性剂ＳＤＳ和ＤＴＡＢ在气／液表面吸附行为的影响。实验结果表明：与表面活性剂离子对应的添加剂反离子是影响其水溶液表面活性的主要因素,因而ＴＡＡＢ对ＳＤＳ表现出明显的效应,对ＤＴＡＢ影响效果则是同浓度的ＮａＢｒ类似,除了对表面活性离子头基电荷的静电屏蔽外,ＴＡＡ＾＋的碳氢基团和ＳＤ＾－碳氢链间还可能发生疏水相互作用,但后者受ＴＡＡ＾＋离子体积制约     

表面活性剂增敏阴极溶出伏安法测定痕量的碘

本介绍在ＫＮＯ３－ＶＣ－ＥＤＴＡ－Ｔｒｉｔｏｎ Ｘ－１００混合底液中，用悬汞电极２．５次微分阴极溶出伏安法测定痕量碘的方法及其最佳条件。引入表面活性剂Ｔｒｉｔｏｎ Ｘ－１００可显提高灵敏度，Ｉ＾－的检测下限达０．１ｎｇ·ｍＬ＾－１（电积１８０ｓ）；引入ＶＣ可提高Ｉ＾－的稳定性（抗氧化性）；ＥＤＴＡ和ＶＣ有效率地提高了方法的抗干扰能力。用于饮水中痕量碘的分析，其相对标准偏差为３．３％（ｎ＝７），     

非离子表面活性剂的吸附机理和表面胶团化对二氧化硅悬浮…

测定了ＣＡＢ－Ｏ－ＳＩＬ在２９０．７Ｋ和３０４．２Ｋ时自水和１ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＣｌ溶液中吸附非离子表面活性剂ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００（ＴＸ１００）的吸附等温线，结果表明，吸附量随温度升高而增加，ＮａＣｌ的存在也使吸附量增加，运用生成表面胶团的吸附理论处理了实验结果，求得了表面胶团化的平衡常数，表面胶团的平均聚集数，临界表面胶团浓度和表面胶团化的标准热力学函数，实验表明，随ＴＸ１００浓度的增大，ＣＡＢ－     

胶束体系中光敏聚合的研究 Ⅵ．水溶性高分子／表面活性剂复合体系中光敏聚合反应

研究了水溶性高分子与三种表现活性剂组成的复合作用体系（ＰＡＡ－ＡＭ／ＣＴＡＢ，ＰＡＡ－ＡＭ／ＳＤＳ和ＰＡＡ－ＡＭ／ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００）中的光敏聚合反应，应用芘做荧光探针，跟踪检测在稀水溶液中分子复合和聚集的过程和微微环境特性，结果表明，由水溶性高分子／表面活性剂形成的分子聚集体，具有胶束类似的催化作用，它和胶束相经，具有更高的分子聚集能力和热力学稳定性，罗大的局部粘度和极性，因而对二苯酮／三乙     

胶束体系中光敏聚合的研究 Ⅵ．水溶性高分子／表面活性剂复合体系中光敏聚合反应

研究了水溶性高分子与三种表面活性剂组成的复合作用体系（ＰＡＡ—ＡＭ／ＣＴＡＢ，ＰＡＡ—ＡＭ／ＳＤＳ和ＰＡＡ－ＡＭ／ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００）中的光敏聚合反应．应用芘做荧光探针，跟踪检测在稀水溶液中分子复合和聚集的过程和微环境特性．结果表明，由水溶性高分子／表面活性剂形成的分子聚集体，具有胶束类似的催化作用，它和胶束相比，具有更高的分子聚集能力和热力学稳定性，较大的局部粘度和极性，因而对二苯酮／三乙胺引发ＭＭＡ光聚合具有更为显著的催化效果，使聚合速度大幅度增加．     

非离子表面活性剂层状液晶的结构与增溶作用

相行为研究表明，与ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００／Ｃ＿６Ｈ＿６／Ｈ＿２Ｏ体系相比，ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００／Ｃ＿（１０）Ｈ＿（２１）ＯＨ／Ｈ＿２Ｏ体系更易于生成层状液晶，并更为稳定，小角Ｘ－射线衍射表明；ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００／Ｃ＿（１０）Ｈ＿（２１）ＯＨ／Ｈ＿２Ｏ体系层状液晶中，Ｃ＿（１０）Ｈ＿（２１）ＯＨ与ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００交替排列于两亲双层中，Ｃ＿（１０）Ｈ＿（２１）ＯＨ／ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００重量比增加，两亲双层厚度ｄ＿０值不变。以Ｃ＿６Ｈ＿６代替Ｃ＿（１０）Ｈ＿（２１）ＯＨ后，Ｃ＿６Ｈ＿６存在于两亲双层的油层和渗入ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００分子链尾周围，使得溶剂渗透率减少，并且Ｃ＿６Ｈ＿６／ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００增加，ｄ＿０值增加。     

在液镓电极上反丁烯二腈的电氢化二聚

在液镓电极上,反丁烯二腈（ＦＤＮ）的电氢化二聚（ＥＨＤ）不仅能在含离子型表面活性剂如四乙基对甲苯磺酸铵（ＴＥＡ－ＰＴＳ）溶液中发生,同样也能在含低浓度的强表面活性剂如ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００溶液中进行,在不含有机表面活性剂的溶液中,ＦＤＮ在滴镓电极上产生一个２电子还原波,生成为丁二腈的饱和单体。在水溶液中加入一定浓度的ＴＥＡ－ＰＴＳ或低浓度的ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００时,原来的２电子还原波分裂成两个连续     

The stability of L3 sponge phase in acidic solutions

In the synthesis of the disordered lyotropic liquid crystalline L3 sponge phase prepared with the cosurfactants cetylpyridinium chloride and hexanol, aqueous NaCl solution is used as the solvent. When this sponge phase is used as the template for L3 silica-phase processing, we replace NaCl with HCl to facilitate the acid catalysis of tetramethoxysilane in forming a templated silica gel, assuming that changing the solvent from NaCl(aq) to HCl(aq) of equivalent ionic strength does not affect the stability range of the L3 phase. In this work, we confirm that changing the pH of the solvent from neutral to acidic (with HCl) has negligible effect on the L3 phase region. Equivalent ionic strength is provided by either NaCl(aq) or HCl(aq) solvent; therefore, a similar phase behavior is observed regardless of which aqueous solvent is used.     

Study of thermal stability for tertiary pyridine ion exchange resin and anti-corrosion property of structural material toward eluents used in the advanced ORIENT cycle process

A multi-functional separation process is proposed as one of the technologies for implementing the Adv.-ORIENT (Advanced Optimization by Recycling Instructive ElemeNTs) Cycle concept [1]. The tertiary pyridine-type anion exchange resin (TPR) embedded in silica beads (silica-supported TPR) was demonstrated suitable for the separation process of actinides from spent fuel. In this process, hydrochloric acid (HCl) and a mixture of nitric acid (HNO₃) and methanol (MeOH) are used as eluents. In order to apply this process to an engineering plant scale, two important issues must be evaluated to prove the system suitability. One is an environmental aspect represented by the use of HCl solution which is corrosive to many materials. The other is clarification of the reactive safety of silica-supported TPR and the HNO₃–MeOH solvent mixture. Four types of metals, Ta, Zr, Nb, and Hastelloy-B (28%Mo–Ni) were selected as candidate materials which are anti-corrosive toward HCl. Corrosion experiments were conducted in HCl type simulated high level liquid waste (SHLLW) solution at room temperature for a maximum 720 h and at 90 °C for 336 h. Ta showed an all-round anti-corrosion property in HCl type SHLLW solution, and Hastelloy-B was only acceptable at room temperature. Thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry was done to investigate the thermal stability of silica-supported TPR-NO₃/MeOH/HNO₃ mixtures. Heating experiment results on a gram scale were also obtained and evaluated to determine the conditions necessary to avoid runaway reactions. As a result, it was confirmed that a vigorous exothermic reaction can be avoided by controlled decrease of temperature.     

Using ionic liquids to trap unique coordination environments: polymorphic solvates of ErCl3(OH2)(4).2([C2mim]Cl)

Two polymorphs of ErCl(3)(OH(2))(4).2([C(2)mim]Cl) solvates were isolated from the same solution of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride when HCl(aq) was added, while [C(2)mim](3)[ErCl(6)] was isolated without HCl addition, illustrating how ionic liquids can be used to trap unusual coordination environments in the solid state.     

水合六硼酸钡的合成与热化学研究

硼原子的硼酸盐种类繁多,结构复杂多样,其中,有一些硼酸盐具有特殊的性能,如:2ZnO·3B_2O_3·3.5H_2O、2CaO·3B_2O_3·5H_2O可用作阻燃材料~([1]),β-BaB_2O_4(β-BBO)~([2])、Ba_2Be_2B_2O_7~([3])、BaAl_2 B_2O7_~([4])等因其具有良好的光学性质,被广泛用作非线性光学材料.因此,进行硼酸盐的合成及性质研究有着重要的意义.     

化学镀Ni-P合金在CO2溶液中的腐蚀磨损行为

研究了化学镀Ｎｉ－Ｐ合金在ＣＯ２溶液中的腐蚀磨损行为。结果表明,ＣＯ２浓度增大,载荷增加,滑动速度增加,化学镀Ｎｉ－Ｐ合金的腐蚀磨损速率增大、自腐蚀电位负移;ＣＯ２浓度增大,载荷减小,滑动速度降低,化学镀Ｎｉ－Ｐ合金的摩擦系数增大。同样条件下,化学镀Ｎｉ－Ｐ合金比Ｇ１０５钢具有更高的耐腐蚀磨损性。     

Electrochemical and microgravimetric characterization of magnetron-sputtered Fe–Cr–Ni–Ta and Fe–Cr–Ni alloy films in neutral and strongly acidic media

The Fe–Cr–Ni and Fe–Cr–Ni–Ta alloy films were deposited on quartz substrates by magnetron-sputtering using targets of AISI 316 stainless steel and in combination with pure tantalum. The conventional melting of the Fe–Cr–Ni–Ta alloy formed is virtually impossible because the melting point of tantalum is higher than the boiling points of the other components. Elemental content of the films was determined by XPS analysis. Corrosion behaviour of both alloy films was studied in 5% NaCl and 10 M HCl by electrochemical quartz crystal microgravimetry (EQCM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and dc-voltammetry. The corrosion resistance of Fe–Cr–Ni–Ta appeared to be significantly higher than that of Fe–Cr–Ni in both neutral (5% NaCl) and strongly acidic (10 M HCl) media. The Fe–Cr–Ni–Ta specimen exhibited an extremely high corrosion resistance in 10 M HCl, where the corrosion rates were about one order of magnitude lower than those of Fe–Cr–Ni in neutral solution. EQCM measurements in NaCl solution indicated accumulation of corrosion products on the Fe–Cr–Ni–Ta surface, which was evident from a distinctive increase in electrode mass. By contrast, the mass of the tantalum-free alloy film decreased with a constant rate, which indicated alloy dissolution to prevail. The corrosion current calculated from the mass decrease was in good agreement with that derived from voltammetric measurements. The EQCM data showed that the corrosion resistance of the Fe–Cr–Ni–Ta alloy film in 10 M HCl was about two orders of magnitude higher than that of the Fe–Cr–Ni.     

Synthesis and enthalpy of formation of SrB4O7·3H2O

Hydrated strontium borate, SrB₄O₇·3H₂O, has been synthesized and characterized by XRD, FT-IR, DTA-TG and chemical analysis. The molar enthalpy of solution of SrB₄O₇·3H₂O in 1 mol dm⁻³ HCl(aq) was measured to be (21.15 ± 0.29) kJ mol⁻¹. With incorporation of the previously determined enthalpies of solution of Sr(OH)₂·8H₂O(s) in [HCl(aq) + H₃BO₃(aq)] and H₃BO₃ in HCl(aq), and the enthalpies of formation of H₂O(l), Sr(OH)₂·8H₂O(s) and H₃BO₃(s), the enthalpy of formation of SrB₄O₇·3H₂O was found to be −(4286.7 ± 3.3) kJ mol⁻¹.     

Studies on Middle-Phase Microemulsions of Green Surfactant n-Dodecyl Polyglucoside C12G1.46

The three-phases behavior in the quaternary stsem of n-dodecyl polyglucoside C12G1.46/1-butanol/cyclohexane/water has been studied at 40℃ in terms of the variables γ and δ.Increasing δ at constant γcauses a phase inversion from an oil-in-water microemulsion in contact with excess oil(winsor I or 2) to a water-in-oil microemulsion in contact with excess water (winsor Ⅱor 2)via a middle-phase microemulsion in contact with excess oil and water(winsor Ⅲor 3).By taking into account the different solubilities of alkyl polyglucoside and 1-butanol in the oil phase,the composition of the hydrophile-lipophile balanced interfacial film in the middle of the three-phase body can be calculated.The effects of different oils and aqueous media on the phase behavior and on the composition of the interfacial film and the efficiency for alkyl polyglucoside to make equal weights of water and oil to a single phase were investigated.It was found that the oil molecules with small molecular volumes can improve the solubilizing efficiency of the surfactant to form single-phase microemulsion.In inorganic salt(NaCl) and acid(HCl) solutions,less 1-butanol is needed than that in alkali(NaOH) solution to form middle-phase microemulsion.     

Thin Layer Chromatography of Opium Alkaloids with Hybrid CTAB‐Alcohol‐Water Mobile Phase and Estimation of Papaverine. HCl and Codeine Sulphate in Pharmaceutical Formulations

Cationic and non‐ionic surfactant mediated systems have been studied as mobile phases in thin chromatographic studies of opium alkaloids on silica gel G. The effect of surfactant concentration below and above its critical micellar concentration on the mobility of alkaloids was examined. The influence of different alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol) in micellar solutions on the mobility and separation efficiency of alkaloids was assessed. The technique has also been applied for semiquantitative determination of codeine sulphate (2.5–35 μg) and papaverine. HCl (2.5–30 μg) in mixtures as well as in pharmaceuticals. The lower limits of detection of papaverine. HCl and codeine sulphate were 1.0 μg and 1.5 μg, respectively.     

Compression elastic modulus of neutral and protonated poly(N-vinylimidazole) hydrogels

The compression modulus of poly(N-vinylimidazole) (PVI) hydrogels synthesized by cross-linking polymerization in aqueous solution, was measured at room temperature in several related systems: i) just after polymerization, ii) swollen at equilibrium in deionized water, iii) swollen in HCl (aq) (pH=2.5), iv) swollen in HCl (pH=2.5) and 1 M NaCl (aq) solution and v) swollen in H₂SO₄ (pH=2.5) (aq) solution. Samples of the first and second groups are neutral whereas hydrogels of the other three groups are ionic because of protonation of basic imidazole groups. The experimental results were fitted with the Erman-Monnerie theory, applied to compression measurements for the first time, to determine the phantom modulus, [f_ph*], and the parameter κ_G which measures the constraining role of entanglements on the fluctuations of chains between knots.