Singular one-dimensional transport equations on Lp spaces

We prove the well-posedness of the Cauchy problem governed by a linear mono-energetic singular transport equation (i.e., transport equation with unbounded collision frequency and unbounded collision operator) with specular reflecting and periodic boundary conditions on L_p spaces. The large time behaviour of its solution is also considered. We discuss the compactness properties of the second-order remainder term of the Dyson-Phillips expansion for a large class of singular collision operators. This allows us to evaluate the essential type of the transport semigroup from which the asymptotic behaviour of the solution is derived.     

Collision computation of moving bodies

In this paper, an explicit mathematical representation of n-dimensional bodies moving in translation along general trajectories is derived. This representation is used to find out if two moving bodies are going to collide. An optimization problem is developed for finding the time and location of collision. We consider the special cases of linear and piece-wise linear trajectories. The collision in this case can be obtained by solving a linear program or a sequence of linear programs, respectively. The problem of finding the collision time and location of several moving bodies is cast as an integer programming problem. A comprehensive simulation study shows that this approach requires much lesser computation time when compared with the current approach of finding the collision between all pairs of bodies.     

Extension of the notion of collision and avalanche effect to sequences of k symbols

In recent papers [14], [15] I studied collision and avalanche effect in families of finite pseudorandom binary sequences. Motivated by applications, Mauduit and Sárk?zy in [13] generalized and extended this theory from the binary case to k-ary sequences, i.e., to k symbols. They constructed a large family of k-ary sequences with strong pseudorandom properties. In this paper our goal is to extend the study of the pseudorandom properties mentioned above to k-ary sequences. The aim of this paper is twofold. First we will extend the definitions of collision and avalanche effect to k-ary sequences, and then we will study these related properties in a large family of pseudorandom k-ary sequences with ??small?? pseudorandom measures.     

Bright-soliton collisions with shape change by intensity redistribution for the coupled Sasa–Satsuma system in the optical fiber communications

By means of symbolic computation and Darboux transformation, analytically and numerically investigated in this paper is a two-coupled Sasa–Satsuma system, which can describe the pulse propagation in birefringent fibers, so as to increase the bit rate in optical fibers, or achieve wavelength-division multiplexing. Analytical bright N-soliton solution of the system is firstly derived. Based on the bright one- and two-soliton solutions, numerical simulation and figure illustration are carried out on through the multi-parametric management, i.e., different choices among eight parameters in the two-soliton solutions. The interaction mechanisms for the bright two-solitons are revealed in three aspects: Separating evolution behaviors, elastic collision behaviors and inelastic collision behaviors. There exist three different cases for the inelastic collision for the two-soliton, which reflect correspondingly different energy transfer mechanisms (by intensity redistribution) between the two components: Manakov-typed collision; a near-elastic collision and another completely inelastic collision between the two components; and four single-solitons in two components undergo shape changes (inelastic and elastic) due to intensity redistribution, where one single-soliton keeps invariant and the other three single-solitons change during the collision. The collision mechanisms may be viewed as the two-solitons interact in a waveguide supporting propagation of two nonlinear waves simultaneously. In general, partial suppression (enhancement) of intensity between the components is dependent on the values of the soliton parameters.     

Internal differential collision attacks on the reduced-round Grøstl-0 hash function

We analyze the Grøstl-0 hash function, that is the version of Grøstl submitted to the SHA-3 competition. This paper extends Peyrin’s internal differential strategy, that uses differential paths between the permutations P and Q of Grøstl-0 to construct distinguishers of the compression function. This results in collision attacks and semi-free-start collision attacks on the Grøstl-0 hash function and compression function with reduced rounds. Specifically, we show collision attacks on the Grøstl-0-256 hash function reduced to 5 and 6 out of 10 rounds with time complexities 2⁴⁸ and 2¹¹² and on the Grøstl-0-512 hash function reduced to 6 out of 14 rounds with time complexity 2¹⁸³. Furthermore, we demonstrate semi-free-start collision attacks on the Grøstl-0-256 compression function reduced to 8 rounds and the Grøstl-0-512 compression function reduced to 9 rounds. Finally, we show improved distinguishers for the Grøstl-0-256 permutations with reduced rounds.     

Dark solitonic excitations and collisions from a fourth-order dispersive nonlinear Schrödinger model for the alpha helical protein

Recent protein observations motivate the dark-soliton study to explain the energy transfer in the proteins. In this paper we will investigate a fourth-order dispersive nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which governs the Davydov solitons in the alpha helical protein with higher-order effects. Painlevé analysis is performed to prove the equation is integrable. Through the introduction of an auxiliary function, bilinear forms and dark N-soliton solutions are constructed with the Hirota method and symbolic computation. Asymptotic analysis on the two-soliton solutions indicates that the soliton collisions are elastic. Decrease of the coefficient of higher-order effects can increase the soliton velocities. Graphical analysis on the two-soliton solutions indicates that the head-on collision between the two solitons, overtaking collision between the two solitons and collision between a moving soliton and a stationary one are all elastic. Collisions among the three solitons are all pairwise elastic.     

Wavelet approximations of a collision operator in kinetic theory

This Note is devoted to the derivation of conservative and entropic fast wavelet approximations for the isotropic Fokker–Planck–Landau collision operator arising in the modeling of charged particles in plasma physics. The present approach combines the advantages of both the finite difference schemes (conservation and entropy) and the spectral methods (accuracy) which are developed in the literature. Furthermore, the wavelet approach provides a fast algorithm for the evaluation of such a collision operator. The present work is a first step to the development of wavelet approximations to more complex collision operators in kinetic theory. To cite this article: X. Antoine, M. Lemou, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 337 (2003).     

Estimates for the Boltzmann collision operator via radial symmetry and Fourier transform

We extend the Lp-theory of the Boltzmann collision operator by using classical techniques based in the Carleman representation and Fourier analysis, allied to new ideas that exploit the radial symmetry of this operator. We are then able to greatly simplify existent technical proofs in this theory, extend the range, and obtain explicit sharp constants in some convolution-like inequalities for the gain part of the Boltzmann collision operator.     

On collision local time of two independent fractional ornstein-uhlenbeck processes

In this article, we study the existence of collision local time of two independent d-dimensional fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes X_t~(H_1)and _t~(H_2),with different parameters H_i∈(0, 1), i = 1, 2. Under the canonical framework of white noise analysis,we characterize the collision local time as a Hida distribution and obtain its' chaos expansion.     

Dynamics in the Schwarzschild Isosceles Three Body Problem

The Schwarzschild potential, defined as \(U(r)=-A/r-B/r^3\) , where \(r\) is the relative distance between two mass points and \(A,B>0\) , models astrophysical and stellar dynamics systems in a classical context. In this paper we present a qualitative study of a three mass point system with mutual Schwarzschild interaction where the motion is restricted to isosceles configurations at all times. We retrieve the relative equilibria and provide the energy–momentum diagram. We further employ appropriate regularization transformations to analyze the behavior of the flow near triple collision. We emphasize the distinct features of the Schwarzschild model when compared to its Newtonian counterpart. We prove that, in contrast to the Newtonian case, on any level of energy the measure of the set on initial conditions leading to triple collision is positive. Further, whereas in the Newtonian problem triple collision is asymptotically reached only for zero angular momentum, in the Schwarzschild problem the triple collision is possible for nonzero total angular momenta (e.g., when two of the mass points spin infinitely many times around the center of mass). This phenomenon is known in celestial mechanics as the black-hole effect and is understood as an analog in the classical context of behavior near a Schwarzschild black hole. Also, while in the Newtonian problem all triple collision orbits are necessarily homothetic, in the Schwarzschild problem this is not necessarily true. In fact, in the Schwarzschild problem there exist triple collision orbits that are neither homothetic nor homographic.     

Two soliton collision for nonlinear Schrödinger equations in dimension 1

We study the collision of two solitons for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation iψt=−ψxx+F(²|ψ|)ψ, F(ξ)=−2ξ+O(ξ²) as ξ→0, in the case where one soliton is small with respect to the other. We show that in general, the two soliton structure is not preserved after the collision: while the large soliton survives, the small one splits into two outgoing waves that for sufficiently long times can be controlled by the cubic NLS: iψt=−ψxx−2²|ψ|ψ.     

On measure solutions of the Boltzmann equation,part I: Moment production and stability estimates

The spatially homogeneous Boltzmann equation with hard potentials is considered for measure valued initial data having finite mass and energy. We prove the existence of weak measure solutions, with and without angular cutoff on the collision kernel; the proof in particular makes use of an approximation argument based on the Mehler transform. Moment production estimates in the usual form and in the exponential form are obtained for these solutions. Finally for the Grad angular cutoff, we also establish uniqueness and strong stability estimate on these solutions.     

Models of a linearized Boltzmann collision integral

For rarefied gas flows at moderate and low Knudsen numbers, model equations are derived that approximate the Boltzmann equation with a linearized collision integral. The new kinetic models generalize and refine the S-model kinetic equation.     

Classification and generation of disturbance vectors for collision attacks against SHA-1

The main contribution of this paper is to provide a classification of disturbance vectors used in differential collision attacks against ${\tt{SHA}-1}$ . We show that all published disturbance vectors can be classified into two types of vectors, type-I and type-II. We present a deterministic algorithm which produce efficient disturbance vectors with respect to any given cost function. We define two simple cost functions to evaluate the efficiency of a candidate disturbance vector. Using our algorithm and those cost function we retrieved all previously known vectors and found that the most efficient disturbance vector is the one first reported as Codeword2 by Jutla and Patthak, A matching lower bound on the minimum weight of SHA-1 expansion code. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2005/266, (2005). We also present a statistical evaluation of local collisions?? holding probabilities and show that the common assumption of local collision independence is flawed.     

Border collision bifurcations and chaotic sets in a two-dimensional piecewise linear map

A two-dimensional piecewise linear continuous model is analyzed. It reflects the dynamics occurring in a circuit proposed as chaos generator, in a simplified case. The parameter space is investigated in order to classify completely regions of existence of stable cycles, and regions associated with chaotic behaviors. The border collision bifurcation curves are analytically detected, as well as the degenerate flip bifurcations of k-cycles and the homoclinic bifurcations occurring in cyclic chaotic regions leading to chaos in one-piece.     

On the Boltzmann equation for Fermi-Dirac particles with very soft potentials: Global existence of weak solutions

For general initial data we prove the global existence and weak stability of weak solutions of the Boltzmann equation for Fermi-Dirac particles in a periodic box for very soft potentials (−5<γ?−3) with a weak angular cutoff. In particular the Coulomb interaction (γ=−3) with the weak angular cutoff is included. The conservation of energy and moment estimates are also proven under a further angular cutoff. The proof is based on the entropy inequality, velocity averaging compactness of weak solutions, and various continuity properties of general Boltzmann collision integral operators.     

Is the linearized Boltzmann-Enskog operator dissipative?

In this paper, it is shown that the linearized Boltzmann-Enskog collision operator cannot be dissipative in the L₂-space setting contrarily to the linearized Boltzmann operator. Some estimates useful for the spectral theory are given.     

Multi-solitonic solutions for the variable-coefficient variant Boussinesq model of the nonlinear water waves

For the nonlinear and dispersive long gravity waves traveling in two horizontal directions with varying depth of the water, we consider a variable-coefficient variant Boussinesq (vcvB) model with symbolic computation. We construct the connection between the vcvB model and a variable-coefficient Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur (vcAKNS) system under certain constraints. Using the N-fold Darboux transformation of the vcAKNS system, we present two sets of multi-solitonic solutions for the vcvB model, which are expressed in terms of the Vandermonde-like and double Wronskian determinants, respectively. Dynamics of those solutions are analyzed and graphically discussed, such as the parallel solitonic waves, shape-changing collision, head-on collision, fusion-fission behavior and elastic-fusion coupled interaction.     

Morse index properties of colliding solutions to the N-body problem

We study a singular Hamiltonian system with an α-homogeneous potential that contains, as a particular case, the classical N-body problem. We introduce a variational Morse-like index for a class of collision solutions and, using the asymptotic estimates near collisions, we prove the non-minimality of some special classes of colliding trajectories under suitable spectral conditions provided α is sufficiently away from zero. We then prove some minimality results for small values of the parameter α.     

Dissipative prolongations of the multipeakon solutions to the Camassa–Holm equation

Multipeakons are special solutions to the Camassa–Holm equation. They are described by an integrable geodesic flow on a Riemannian manifold. We present a bi-Hamiltonian formulation of the system explicitly and write down formulae for the associated first integrals. Then we exploit the first integrals and present a novel approach to the problem of the dissipative prolongations of multipeakons after the collision time. We prove that an n-peakon after a collision becomes an $n?1$-peakon for which the momentum is preserved.