Possibility of measuring exchange force through force microscopy

This article describes the possibility of measuring exchange force through atomic force microscopy (AFM), based on the results of first-principles calculations for the exchange force between two magnetic Fe(001) films. We observed strong variation of the exchange force relative to the surface site. The magnitude of the force variation was larger than the force sensitivity of conventional AFM. These results suggest that a surface magnetic image with atomic resolution can be achieved by measuring the exchange force.     

A possible model for fifth force

Recent reanalysis of the data of the Eötvös experiment suggested the existence of a new force. We show that a negative energy massive scalar field minimally coupled to gravity in a background Schwarzschild metric naturally leads to a potential which can explain the small anomalous effect in the Eötvös experiment.     

A satellite-borne experiment to study the fifth force

An experiment with a satellite-borne torsion balance capable of measuring the fifth force which couples to baryon number or lepton number with a strengtr gravity and range ~ 10⁹ cm is described.     

New phenomenological analysis based on a scalar-vector model of the fifth force

Accepting possible participation of a scalar field component of the fifth force, we point out the importance of an exchange coupling to nuclei. The new parameterization allows consistent fits to all the existing experimental results.     

The fifth interaction: universal long range force between spins

In this paper we present a review of our investigations on universal long range force between spins mediated by a massless axial vector gauge field which we name as “axial photon”. The invariance of the Lagrangian field theory of particles, possessing spin degrees of freedom, under local Lorentz transformations, necessitates the introduction of such an axial vector gauge field which interacts with spin current of the particles. Classical as well as quantum dynamics of electrons interacting with photon and axial photon are worked out. The new interaction is found to be asymptotically free. It is shown thatqed can be made finite if the coupling strengths of electron to photon and axial photon can be made equal. Experimental consequences of the existence of axial photon are discussed and the strength of the interaction is estimated by comparing predictions of the theory with experiments.     

A new point of view on the fifth force in 4D physics

The purpose of the paper is to define and study, in the presence of the electromagnetic potentials, the fifth force induced by the fifth dimension in the $4D$ physics. A $4D$ tensor calculus and the Riemannian horizontal connection on a $5D$ general Kaluza–Klein space, are the main tools in our study. We prove that the fifth force does not violate the basic concepts in $4D$ physics. Our approach is different from what is known so far in literature.     

Absence of the fifth force problem in a model with spontaneously broken dilatation symmetry

A scale invariant model containing dilaton ? and dust (as a model of matter) is studied where the shift symmetry ? → ? + const. is spontaneously broken at the classical level due to intrinsic features of the model. The dilaton to matter coupling “constant” f appears to be dependent of the matter density. In normal conditions, i.e. when the matter energy density is many orders of magnitude larger than the dilaton contribution to the dark energy density, f becomes less than the ratio of the “mass of the vacuum” in the volume occupied by the matter to the Planck mass. The model yields this kind of “Archimedes law” without any especial (intended for this) choice of the underlying action and without fine tuning of the parameters. The model not only explains why all attempts to discover a scalar force correction to Newtonian gravity were unsuccessful so far but also predicts that in the near future there is no chance to detect such corrections in the astronomical measurements as well as in the specially designed fifth force experiments on intermediate, short (like millimeter) and even ultrashort (a few nanometer) ranges. This prediction is alternative to predictions of other known models.     

Weak interactions of the fifth quark and fifth lepton

New weak interactions of the b-quark and the τ^?-lepton are discussed in a gauge model with exact Cabibbo universality for the light quarks. The model is consistent with all observed neutral current data and leads to new signals in the decay of bb? states to electrons.     

On the fifth forces

We discuss the possibility of fifth forces in relativistic gravitation theories of fourth order. The fifth force may be an analog to the weak forces in the theories of electroweak interactions.     

Projective invariance and the fifth coordinate

The paper considers the consequences of the principle of parametric (projective) invariance in the context of the general variational problem for stationary curves in a four-dimensional space-time. The necessity is shown of introducing a parameter along the trajectory as a fifth coordinate. The condition of cylindricality along it then acquires an obvious significance. The projective invariants are calculated for the trajectories of charged test particles in a gravielectromagnetic field. It is shown that one of these coincides with the density of the electromagnetic-field Lagrangian.     

Radiation of new particles of the fifth interaction

The fact that the radiation of new particles of the fifth interaction from the binaries is much smaller than that of gravitation is shown by calculations. The radiation from a particle system with collision is also given.