Compaction of Powders due to Vibrations and Shocks

Bulk density and compactibility of bulk materials play an important role in process engineering. Reliable data are required for dimensioning plants and for supplying load data for static design. Furthermore, the data are useful for the production of sintered materials or catalyst beds and the characterization of bulk materials. While compression by normal stress can be reproduced and mathematically described, the influence of shocks and vibrations remains very poorly understood. All known standard methods for bulk material compression under vibrations and shocks are based on individual equipment. The parameters of shocks or vibrations, however, have not yet been defined. Therefore, an investigation was carried out to examine the influence of uniaxial stress and defined shocks and vibrations on bulk material compression. The shocks and vibrations were controlled by an electrodynamic shaker. The first results for highly disperse Kaolin powders are presented. Using the chosen parameters, the random mode and the uniaxial compression cause the highest increase in density. High compression rates can also be obtained by shocks. With sinusoidal vibrations much lower bulk densities can be reached.     

Explosive Compaction of Bimetallic Nonconjugated Nanoparticles in Synthesis of Composite Materials

Russian Physics Journal -     

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cuw20 Composites Synthesized by Explosive Compaction of Bimetallic Nanoparticles

Russian Physics Journal - The paper considers the physical and mechanical properties of bimetallic tungsten-copper powders after explosive compaction. This method is used to produce rather dense...     

Consolidation of Bimetallic Nanosized Particles and Formation of Nanocomposites Depending on Conditions of Shock Wave Compaction

Russian Physics Journal - The authors consider and evaluate the physical parameters and regularities of the process of consolidation of Fe–Cu, Cu–Nb, Ag–Ni, Fe–Pb...     

Characteristics of High In-Content InGaN Alloys Grown by MOCVD

InN and In0.46 Ca0.54N films are grown on sapphire with a CaN buffer by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition （MOCVD）. Both high resolution x-ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscopy results reveal that these films have a hexagonal structure of single crystal. The thin InN film has a high mobility of 4 75 cm^2V^-1s^-1 and that oflno.46 Gao.54N is 163 cm^2 V^-1s^-1. Room-temperat ure photoluminescence measurement of the InN film shows a peak at 0.72eV, confirming that a high quality InN film is fabricated for applications to full spectrum solar cells.     

超声雾化法制取金属粉末方法研究

本文介绍了利用超声振动能量制取超细金属粉末的超声雾化方法，提出了超声制粉雾化室，等离子枪，阴极、阳极喷咀及换能器振动系统的最佳尺寸和工作参数，给出了实验结果及制得的粉末显微结构照片．实验结果表明，用本文所述方法制得的金属粉末组成为：－80目粉占84呢，－120目粉占63．7啪，而用PREP方法制得的粉末分别占19．5％和11．7％，由此看来，用本方法制取超细金属粉，在粒度组成方面优于PREP方法．文中还对粉末冷却速度做了估算，得到了粉末平均冷却速度大于1×10_5k/5     

Influence of Spatial Dispersion in Metals on the Optical Characteristics of Bimetallic Plasmonic Nanoparticles

Optics and Spectroscopy - The problem of diffraction of a plane electromagnetic wave field from a layered nanoparticle, composed of two plasmonic metals, is considered. The influence of spatial...     

MOCVD生长InxGa1-xN合金微观结构和光学特性

利用发光光谱、X射线衍射(XRD)、原子力显微(AFM)等实验方法对MOCVD生长的InxGa1-xN合金进行了研究。原子力显微图样表明样品表面出现纳米尺度为微岛状结构。样品PL和PLE谱表明,其主要吸收峰位于波长为365,474nm,发光峰的位置位于波长为545,493nm处,其中545nm发光峰半高宽较493nm发光峰宽,这两个峰分别起源于In(Ga)N浸润层和InGaN层发光,浸润层局域化激子和岛状微观结构弛豫特性是产生发光峰Stokes移动的重要原因。     

Investigation of the Behaviour of Powders under and after Consolidation

A biaxial tester was utilized in order to characterize mechanical powder behaviour. Tests were aimed at characterizing the virgin consolidation behaviour of CRM 116 limestone powder, standardized by the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR). The tests indicated that the virgin consolidation behaviour of the powder can be represented by means of topographic maps and surface plots in the principal stress space irrespective of the consolidation stress paths. Resulting strains and bulk densities can also be represented in the same manner. Reloading tests were also carried out on samples consolidated by following different stress paths (consolidation procedures). By applying stresses to the previously consolidated samples and determination of points of initial plastic deformations, the yield surface for each specific type of consolidation was drawn. These tests revealed anisotropic behaviour of the powder, depending on the type of consolidation.     

Upgrading of the RS-20E High-Current Accelerator for the Investigation of Shock-Wave Processes under Isochoric Energy Absorption

The scheme and parameters of the upgraded RS-20E electron beam generator on the basis of a plasma opening switch (POS) are presented. The output unit of the POS is modified to allow the use of optical diagnostics in investigating wave processes generated in transparent targets by the electron beam of the accelerator. A new optical diagnostic system is also presented. Its scheme allows the four-frame electron-optical registration of a sample in both its own glow and in the laser shadow during propagation of the shock wave generated by the electron beam.     

An Investigation of Phase Diagrams of Decomposing Magnetic Alloys

The interaction of phase decomposition and magnetic ordering processes in an A–B alloy of an arbitrary structure is studied theoretically. The decomposition and magnetization temperatures are calculated. The phase diagrams are constructed and compared with experiment on Fe–Cr, Fe–Co, and Pt–Co alloys.     

以碳粉为负极材料制备锂离子电池及电池性能测试

在能量存储技术中,锂离子电池是高能量密度的电化学电源.以碳为负极材料,涂膜制备了负极片,以锂片为正极片制备了CR2016锂离子电池,并对其性能进行了测试,分析了碳粉为锂电负极材料的特性.     

Compaction of single-chain DNA by histone-inspired nanoparticles

We elaborated a versatile experimental model of chromatin which consists of a single chain of long duplex DNA that interacts with well-defined cationic nanoparticles of various sizes. We found that the DNA compaction by nanoparticles is stepwise and progressive at the single-chain level. It is controlled by the ability of DNA to wrap nanoparticles, which is more efficient for larger particles and, similar to DNA-histone interaction, is optimal at a physiological salt concentration.     

铝球弹丸超高速斜撞击薄铝板特性研究

 利用2017铝合金球形弹丸超高速斜撞击2A12铝合金薄板,模拟空间碎片对航天器防护屏的超高速撞击作用。分析了铝合金薄板超高速斜撞击穿孔特性与弹丸滑弹返溅特性,建立了铝合金球形弹丸超高速斜撞击铝合金薄板的穿孔经验公式。弹丸撞击速度分别为2.58、3.56和4.31 km/s,撞击角度为10°~80°。实验结果表明：铝合金薄板超高速斜撞击椭圆穿孔尺寸与撞击速度和撞击角度有关,直径为3.97 mm的铝合金球形弹丸超高速斜撞击厚度为1 mm的铝合金薄板时,发生滑弹返溅的临界撞击角在30°~40°之间。最大滑弹返溅角随着撞击角的增大而逐渐减小,此时滑弹返溅碎片云的影响范围缩小,但破坏能力增强。弹丸撞击速度对铝合金薄板超高速斜撞击穿孔的椭圆度影响较小。     

Thermal stability of high concentration Fe-Ag and Fe-Cu alloys produced by vapor quenching

Mössbauer effect measurements were carried out for sputtered fcc Fe-Ag and Fe-Cu alloys annealed at various temperatures. At temperatures higher than 300 °C, the metastable fcc phases decompose by removing saturated Fe atoms. During the phase separation processes, the ejected Fe atoms form clusters, which initially have a fcc structure and transform to bcc particles as their sizes grow beyond a critical value.     

Mössbauer Investigation of Fe–Mn–Cu Nanostructured Alloys Obtained by Ball Milling

Fe₇₉Mn₂₁, (Fe₇₉Mn₂₁)₉₀Cu₁₀, and (Fe₇₉Mn₂₁)₈₀Cu₂₀, alloys, prepared by high energy ball milling were characterized by Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and ac-susceptibility. Results indicate that the Cu addition favors the formation of a FCC phase with two different magnetic states at room temperature, i.e., an antiferromagnetic and a paramagnetic one. Thermal evolution of the Mössbauer spectra revealed the occurrence of a magnetic ordering along a wide temperature range. This behavior is probably related to Fe atoms in FCC-Fe(Mn,Cu) phase having different environments and grain size distribution. Thermal dependence of in-phase ac-susceptibility shows that a long range ordering starts at 240 K for the Fe₇₉Mn₂₁ alloy and shifts towards lower temperatures with the Cu content. These results would reflect a long-range magnetic ordering transition with a distribution of ordering temperatures rather than a blocking process of particle single-domains.     

Pd-Sn双金属催化剂催化1,3-丁二烯加氢反应的仲氢诱导极化研究

本文首先利用等体积共浸渍法合成了一系列Pd/Sn比(原子比)不同的Pd₁-Sn_x/Al₂O₃双金属催化剂,然后通过多相催化仲氢诱导极化(PHIP)技术研究了Pd-Sn/Al₂O₃双金属催化剂上1,3-丁二烯选择性加氢反应．结果发现催化剂的Pd/Sn比会影响1,3-丁二烯反应活性和丁烯选择性：随着Pd/Sn比的下降,反应中1,3-丁二烯转化率降低,丁烯选择性提高．利用PASADENA(parahydrogen and synthesis allow for dramatically enhanced nuclear alignment)技术,发现Pd/Sn比的变化影响了1-丁烯与2-丁烯之间的异构化过程：随着Pd/Sn比的下降,1-丁烯异构化率降低,这是由于Sn组分含量的提高减少了表面暴露的Pd组分,使得催化剂反应活性降低;Sn组分含量的提高同时导致了Pd电子密度的上升,使得选择性还原产物丁烯更易脱附,阻止其进一步加氢生成丁烷,并抑制了1-丁烯异构化反应过程...     

空间碎片超高速撞击压力容器碎片云特性数值模拟研究

 针对空间碎片超高速撞击充气压力容器问题,应用非线性动力学分析软件AUTODYN-2D,采用SPH方法对碎片云在高压气体中的运动特性进行了数值模拟研究。在建模过程中,分析比较了材料状态方程对数值模拟结果的影响,并通过与实验结果的比较,选取了适合该问题的状态方程,验证了数值模拟方法的有效性。结果表明：由于容器内压气体的存在,碎片云运动发生减速,并且碎片云的轴向扩展速度相对于碎片云的径向扩展速度减速较慢;高速撞击产生的碎片云与容器内的高压气体发生了强烈的相互作用,碎片云尖端产生的钉状物及高压气体中产生的冲击波是控制容器在撞击后发生进一步破坏的两个重要因素。     

傅里叶变换红外光谱法对珍珠粉和贝壳粉的研究

通过FTIR比较研究了淡水养殖珍珠的珍珠粉和贝壳粉样品原样、角壳蛋白以及250、400℃和750℃热处理2h后红外光谱的差异。结果表明,珍珠粉和贝壳粉的主要成分均为文石型碳酸钙,并含有少量有机质和水分。2种粉末角壳蛋白红外吸收峰型基本相似,仅在2113.3cm-1处存在差异。250℃加热后,两者成分结构基本没有变化;400℃加热后2种粉末有机物完全分解,珍珠粉文石碳酸钙的晶型部分转变为方解石型,而贝壳粉碳酸钙已完全转化为方解石型;750℃加热后两者的碳酸钙晶形均已完全转化为方解石型,且有大量碳酸钙分解为氧化钙。