苯和苯胺在深紫外光照射下的电离和解离

本文利用自主研制的反射式飞行时间质谱仪结合177.3 nm深紫外激光研究了苯和苯胺分子的光电离与光解离过程. 质谱实验发现苯在177.3 nm皮秒激光作用下发生高效电离并观测到不对称C-C键解离形成的以C₄H₃⁺为主的较小碎片峰. 相比之下,苯胺的深紫外光电离中主要产生一个C₅H₆^+·离子自由基和一个较小丰度的C₆H₆^+·碎片,分别对应于CNH分子和NH自由基的去除. 结合第一性原理计算,诠释了苯和苯胺这两个仅有一个氨基差异的分子光解离路径,揭示苯和苯胺分子中氢原子转移对于C-C或C-N键断裂的关键重要作用.     

Microscopic Boiling of Liquid Nitrogen Induced by a Pulsed Laser Irradiation

An experimental investigation was conducted to explore the characteristics of microscopic boiling induced by firing a microsecond pulsed laser beam on a thin platinum (Pt) film that immerged in the liquid nitrogen (LN₂) cryostat. High-speed photography aided by a high-voltage lighting system was employed to visually observe the bubble formation and the dynamical boiling process of LN₂. A rapid transient temperature-measuring system was designed to record the temperature evolution of the heating surface. Explosive boiling, characterized by bubble cluster, was observed within LN₂ at the early stage of laser heating, and conventional boiling followed after a certain time. The transition time, therefore, was introduced for separating these two different boiling modes. The temperature of Pt film rose sharply to its maximum during laser pulse, with a very high rising rate of about 10⁷ K/s, and then dropped rapidly after laser irradiation. A model of bubble cluster was proposed to describe the explosive boiling heat transfer, and the latent heat released by bubble collapse in explosive boiling was explored as an important mechanism considerably influencing the boiling heat transfer.     

高功率脉冲染料激光放大器物理设计

从理论研究出发,用激光增益理论得到了在平衡状态下忽略染料分子激发态吸收时,高功率脉冲梁料激光放大器物理设计的简单方法,同时以铜蒸气激光器双侧抽运的平均输出功率52.5W的脉冲染料激光放大器为例,对其物理尺寸进行了模拟设计。     

Effect of Ultrashort Pulsed Laser and X-Ray Irradiation on Au+ -Doped Glass

Au nanoparticles were precipitated inside Au+-doped glass samples after irradiation by femtosecond laser or x-ray. Femtosecond laser and X-ray irradiation result in decreasing of anneal temperature and critical size for the precipitation of Au nanoparticles.     

Passive Coherent Beam Combining Four Channels of Nanosecond Pulsed Laser Using All-Fiber Feedback Loop

We present an all-fber configuration of passive beam combining using an all-fber feedback loop and demonstrate passive coherent combining of a four-channel nanosecond pulsed laser. The output power, pulse characteristics, polarization extinction ratio and far field laser intensities of the combined output laser are investigated. The experimental results validate that passive phasing using an all-fiber feedback loop provides a simple while robust method for coherent beam combining of pulsed lasers. If replacing the fiber coupler used into a high power tapered fused bundle fiber combiner, this scheme ispromising to scale the output power up to the kW level.     

退火温度及退火气氛对ZnO薄膜的结构及发光性能的影响

采用脉冲激光沉积技术在Si/蓝宝石衬底上制备了ZnO薄膜,结合快速退火设备研究了不同退火温度(500~900℃)及退火气氛(N2,O2)对薄膜的结构及其发光性能的影响。并优化条件得到具有最小半峰全宽及最大晶粒尺寸的薄膜。X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明:氮气氛下退火的ZnO薄膜最佳退火温度为900℃;氧气氛下退火的ZnO薄膜最佳退火温度为800℃。红外(IR)光谱中,退火后Zn-O特征振动峰红移,说明在退火过程中,原子重新排布后占据较低能量位置;同样的退火温度下,氮气氛下退火的薄膜质量更优。同步辐射光电子能谱(synchrotron-based XPS)分别表征了未退火及N2,O2下900℃退火的ZnO薄膜,分峰拟合结果表明氧气氛下退火产生更多的氧空位。结构表征结合光致发光(PL)谱表明绿光的发光峰与氧空位有关。     

Contribution of Mechanical Stresses to the Surface Relief Formation Under Laser Irradiation of Semiconductors

Russian Physics Journal - The paper considers the effect of elastic stresses arising under pulsed laser irradiation of epitaxial layers of CdxHg1–xTe solid solutions on the formation of a...     

脉冲激光辐照氮化硅陶瓷损伤阈值的光谱测量

氮化硅陶瓷具有耐高温、耐腐蚀和耐磨损等优异性能, 可应用于金属材料和高分子材料难以胜任的极端工作环境。但具备这些优良特性的同时也给其加工带来了不便,传统的磨削加工方法效率低,设备损耗严重, 激光辅助加工为其提供了一种新途径。将等离子体光谱法和显微成像法相结合,对脉冲激光辐照氮化硅陶瓷的损伤阈值进行了测量,并分析了损伤机理。实验选用热压烧结氮化硅陶瓷为靶材,参考ISO21254国际损伤阈值测试标准搭建试验系统,采用1-on-1法利用Nd3+∶YAG固体脉冲激光分别在纳秒和微秒脉宽下辐照氮化硅陶瓷,两种脉宽分别选取10个能量密度梯度进行激光辐照,每个能量密度辐照10个点。利用光纤光谱仪采集光谱信息,利用金相显微镜获取显微图像信息,将光谱结果与显微成像结果对比分析, 发现纳秒脉宽下材料一旦损伤光谱上就会出现等离子体峰,通过分析光谱中等离子体峰,元素指认是否含有材料中特征元素即可判断损伤,为了区别空气电离击穿同时测量了空气等离子体光谱对比分析剔除干扰。微秒脉宽下显微图像观察到刚开始损伤时,光谱中只出现较强热辐射谱线并未出现等离子体谱线,进一步增加激光能量密度,光谱中会出现少量等离子体峰,因此不能直接以等离子体峰判断材料损伤阈值。利用金相显微镜观察损伤形貌,纳秒脉宽下在损伤区域内部观察到明显的烧蚀冲击状损伤,光谱呈现出大量等离子体谱线,说明纳秒激光辐照氮化硅损伤机制主要为等离子体冲击波引起的力学损伤效应。微秒脉宽在辐照区域边缘发现热烧蚀痕迹,损伤区内观察到大量熔融物,出现明显热辐射光谱,说明微秒激光辐照氮化硅损伤机制主要是由于长脉宽热积累引起的热损伤效应,随着能量密度增加热辐射谱上叠加有等离子体峰,等离子体峰值强度与损伤程度一致。利用零几率损伤阈值法对两种方法测得结果进行了拟合,分析发现等离子体光谱法更适用于纳秒脉宽下损伤阈值测量,得到结果为0.256 J·cm-2;显微成像法适用于微秒脉宽下损伤阈值测量,得到结果为6.84 J·cm-2。     

大气对激光传输的影响

本文分析了激光传输过程中大气这一传输介质对其的影响,由大气的成分出发,采用辐射传输理论描述了大气介质的吸收和散射特性,着重分析了其中对辐射影响最大的两种因素,即大气消光和大气湍流。并建立了大气传输系统的传递函数模型。最后通过LOWTRAN模拟软件包对本文所得的模型进行评估。     

强流脉冲离子束辐照混合双层靶的Monte Carlo模拟

采用Monte Carlo方法模拟强流脉冲离子束与铝基钛膜双层靶的相互作用.强流脉冲离子束与双层靶材相互作用过程中,随着离子的注入,高能离子束引起涂层原子与基体材料原子之间相互渗透和混合,同时离子能量沉积到靶材内一定深度,并呈规律性的空间分布.这种能量分布影响靶内两种材料的熔化或气化过程,并导致界面物质结合强度发生变化.利用建立的束流模型,计算束流在靶材内的能量沉积和分布状况及界面处级联碰撞对双层靶界面混合区的影响,得出强流脉冲离子束混合双层靶时级联碰撞不起主要作用的结论,离子流密度在100A·cm^-2~150A·cm^-2时对离子束混合最为有利.     

激光辐照受拉铝板破坏行为的时空多尺度数值模拟

推导耦合过渡区内参变量信息交换的元/网格动量传递多尺度算法,建立离散元与有限元耦合时空多尺度计算模型,并应用于激光辐照下受拉铝板破坏行为的数值模拟中.通过对比有限元计算模型、空间多尺度计算模型与时空多尺度计算模型在激光辐照下受拉铝板破坏算例的模拟结果,验证离散元与有限元耦合时空多尺度计算模型的准确性和数值计算高效率优势.使用该多尺度计算模型从宏观和细观尺度对铝板破坏行为进行数值模拟,模拟结果与实验结果基本一致.     

Screening of the Protective Actions under the Laser Irradiation of Bio-Objects: Experimental Results and Physical Model

Technical Physics - The screening of protective radiations that occur during laser radiation of biological tissues have been experimentally studied. The metallic and dielectric screens with...     

Dissociation of Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine Under 1064-nm Laser Irradiation Investigated by Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer

Laser-induced dissociation pathways of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine have been investigated with a focused laser of 1064 nm by use of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The ions produced from the cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine surface were detected and the mass spectra of both positive and negative ions were obtained. According to the possible distribution of the decomposition products, possible dissociation paths of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine were proposed. The influence of the intensity and the delay time of the laser beam to the decomposition have also been studied. The results may possibly throw some light on our understanding of the reactions taking place in laser ignition.     

脉冲激光烧蚀过程中靶材表面熔融前温度分布与激光功率密度分布的研究

用较为符合实际的高斯分布表示了脉冲激光输出功率密度分布，讨论了脉冲激光功率密度分布函数形状变化对烧蚀过程中靶材表面熔融前温度分布的影响。建立了考虑热源项的热传导方程，并给出了相应的边界条件。以Si为例，用有限差分方法模拟了温度随时间、位置的变化规律，模拟过程中强调了对边界条件的处理，使整体截断误差保持最小。通过改变脉冲激光功率密度分布函数的形状，分析了温度分布的变化。结果表明，相比恒定脉冲功率密度输出，功率密度高斯分布的激光束与靶材作用时高温阶段的温度变化率变大，靶材表面熔融时刻热扩散距离增加；当激光器上升沿变陡时，在有效作用时间内温度上升得更快，对加工区域周围热效应的影响明显减弱，而热扩散距离变小。     

Acoustic Diagnostics of Laser Sparks in the Atmosphere

The results of an experimental study of the parameters of acoustic radiation generated by a laser spark made by focusing of a CO₂ high-power pulsed laser radiation outdoors in a slightly dusty atmosphere are presented. An analysis of the acoustic pulse spectrum shows that the position of its maximum is determined by the local plasma-formation radius, and the position of its low-frequency minimum is determined by the laser spark length. A new method of laser spark diagnostics in real time is suggested that enables one to estimate the plasma-formation size distribution function and the transmission factor for laser radiation propagated in the atmosphere under conditions of laser breakdown. The results obtained are in agreement with the available experimental data.     

A Study of Ionization Front Velocity in dc Pulsed Plasmas

The ionization front velocity in a de cylindrical plasma is reported. This parameter has been determined as the ratio between the distance separation of two Langmuir probes, Δz, and the time Δt which is needed for the ionization front to cover the distance Δz. A theoretical model which allows to obtain the functional relationship of ionization front velocity with the stationary electron density has been developed. A good agreement, both qualitatively and quantitatively, has been obtained.     

非链式脉冲HF激光器激光介质净化技术

反应产物基态HF分子对激态HF分子的碰撞弛豫是导致非链式脉冲HF激光器激光能量快速下降的重要原因.为解决该问题,理论分析了3A型分子筛去除基态HF分子的可行性,并开展了实验研究.实验结果表明,在不采用任何激光介质净化技术情况下,激光器重复频率50 Hz出光20s的激光能量下降率高达52%,无法满足高功率重频HF/DF激光器的应用需求.在激光器循环管道中增加3A型分子筛吸附单元之后,激光器连续10余次重复频率50 Hz出光20s的激光能量下降率小于15%,其中首次出光能量下降率仅为7.2%,提高了激光能量稳定性且延长了激光介质使用寿命.3A型分子筛不仅对基态HF分子具有良好吸附效果,而且具有再生活化功能,有望取代非链式脉冲HF激光器激光介质净化技术中常用的化学吸附法.     

Ionization of Atoms and the Thomas-Fermi Model for the Electric Field in Crystal Planar Channels

The electric field in the crystal planar channels is studied by the Thomas Fermi method. The Thomas-Fermi equation and the corresponding boundary conditions are derived for the crystal planar channels. The numericalsolution for the electric field in the channels between (110) planes of the single crystal silicon and the critical angles ofchannelling protons in them are shown. Reasonable agreements with the experimental data are obtained. The resultsshow that the Thomas-Fermi method for the crystal works well in this study, and a microscopic research of the channelelectric field with the contribution of all atoms and the atomic ionization being taken into account is practical.     

Creation of Laser-Induced Long Ionized Channels in Air Suspension

Russian Physics Journal - The paper deals with the propagation of the powerful laser beam in gas-dispersion systems and atmospheric aerosol background, which is accompanied by a wide spectrum of...