Microscopic Boiling of Liquid Nitrogen Induced by a Pulsed Laser Irradiation

An experimental investigation was conducted to explore the characteristics of microscopic boiling induced by firing a microsecond pulsed laser beam on a thin platinum (Pt) film that immerged in the liquid nitrogen (LN₂) cryostat. High-speed photography aided by a high-voltage lighting system was employed to visually observe the bubble formation and the dynamical boiling process of LN₂. A rapid transient temperature-measuring system was designed to record the temperature evolution of the heating surface. Explosive boiling, characterized by bubble cluster, was observed within LN₂ at the early stage of laser heating, and conventional boiling followed after a certain time. The transition time, therefore, was introduced for separating these two different boiling modes. The temperature of Pt film rose sharply to its maximum during laser pulse, with a very high rising rate of about 10⁷ K/s, and then dropped rapidly after laser irradiation. A model of bubble cluster was proposed to describe the explosive boiling heat transfer, and the latent heat released by bubble collapse in explosive boiling was explored as an important mechanism considerably influencing the boiling heat transfer.     

高功率脉冲染料激光放大器物理设计

从理论研究出发,用激光增益理论得到了在平衡状态下忽略染料分子激发态吸收时,高功率脉冲梁料激光放大器物理设计的简单方法,同时以铜蒸气激光器双侧抽运的平均输出功率52.5W的脉冲染料激光放大器为例,对其物理尺寸进行了模拟设计。     

Effect of Ultrashort Pulsed Laser and X-Ray Irradiation on Au+ -Doped Glass

Au nanoparticles were precipitated inside Au+-doped glass samples after irradiation by femtosecond laser or x-ray. Femtosecond laser and X-ray irradiation result in decreasing of anneal temperature and critical size for the precipitation of Au nanoparticles.     

Passive Coherent Beam Combining Four Channels of Nanosecond Pulsed Laser Using All-Fiber Feedback Loop

We present an all-fber configuration of passive beam combining using an all-fber feedback loop and demonstrate passive coherent combining of a four-channel nanosecond pulsed laser. The output power, pulse characteristics, polarization extinction ratio and far field laser intensities of the combined output laser are investigated. The experimental results validate that passive phasing using an all-fiber feedback loop provides a simple while robust method for coherent beam combining of pulsed lasers. If replacing the fiber coupler used into a high power tapered fused bundle fiber combiner, this scheme ispromising to scale the output power up to the kW level.     

Contribution of Mechanical Stresses to the Surface Relief Formation Under Laser Irradiation of Semiconductors

Russian Physics Journal - The paper considers the effect of elastic stresses arising under pulsed laser irradiation of epitaxial layers of CdxHg1–xTe solid solutions on the formation of a...     

大气对激光传输的影响

本文分析了激光传输过程中大气这一传输介质对其的影响,由大气的成分出发,采用辐射传输理论描述了大气介质的吸收和散射特性,着重分析了其中对辐射影响最大的两种因素,即大气消光和大气湍流。并建立了大气传输系统的传递函数模型。最后通过LOWTRAN模拟软件包对本文所得的模型进行评估。     

Dissociation of Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine Under 1064-nm Laser Irradiation Investigated by Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer

Laser-induced dissociation pathways of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine have been investigated with a focused laser of 1064 nm by use of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The ions produced from the cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine surface were detected and the mass spectra of both positive and negative ions were obtained. According to the possible distribution of the decomposition products, possible dissociation paths of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine were proposed. The influence of the intensity and the delay time of the laser beam to the decomposition have also been studied. The results may possibly throw some light on our understanding of the reactions taking place in laser ignition.     

Screening of the Protective Actions under the Laser Irradiation of Bio-Objects: Experimental Results and Physical Model

Technical Physics - The screening of protective radiations that occur during laser radiation of biological tissues have been experimentally studied. The metallic and dielectric screens with...     

脉冲激光烧蚀过程中靶材表面熔融前温度分布与激光功率密度分布的研究

用较为符合实际的高斯分布表示了脉冲激光输出功率密度分布，讨论了脉冲激光功率密度分布函数形状变化对烧蚀过程中靶材表面熔融前温度分布的影响。建立了考虑热源项的热传导方程，并给出了相应的边界条件。以Si为例，用有限差分方法模拟了温度随时间、位置的变化规律，模拟过程中强调了对边界条件的处理，使整体截断误差保持最小。通过改变脉冲激光功率密度分布函数的形状，分析了温度分布的变化。结果表明，相比恒定脉冲功率密度输出，功率密度高斯分布的激光束与靶材作用时高温阶段的温度变化率变大，靶材表面熔融时刻热扩散距离增加；当激光器上升沿变陡时，在有效作用时间内温度上升得更快，对加工区域周围热效应的影响明显减弱，而热扩散距离变小。     

Acoustic Diagnostics of Laser Sparks in the Atmosphere

The results of an experimental study of the parameters of acoustic radiation generated by a laser spark made by focusing of a CO₂ high-power pulsed laser radiation outdoors in a slightly dusty atmosphere are presented. An analysis of the acoustic pulse spectrum shows that the position of its maximum is determined by the local plasma-formation radius, and the position of its low-frequency minimum is determined by the laser spark length. A new method of laser spark diagnostics in real time is suggested that enables one to estimate the plasma-formation size distribution function and the transmission factor for laser radiation propagated in the atmosphere under conditions of laser breakdown. The results obtained are in agreement with the available experimental data.     

A Study of Ionization Front Velocity in dc Pulsed Plasmas

The ionization front velocity in a de cylindrical plasma is reported. This parameter has been determined as the ratio between the distance separation of two Langmuir probes, Δz, and the time Δt which is needed for the ionization front to cover the distance Δz. A theoretical model which allows to obtain the functional relationship of ionization front velocity with the stationary electron density has been developed. A good agreement, both qualitatively and quantitatively, has been obtained.     

非链式脉冲HF激光器激光介质净化技术

反应产物基态HF分子对激态HF分子的碰撞弛豫是导致非链式脉冲HF激光器激光能量快速下降的重要原因.为解决该问题,理论分析了3A型分子筛去除基态HF分子的可行性,并开展了实验研究.实验结果表明,在不采用任何激光介质净化技术情况下,激光器重复频率50 Hz出光20s的激光能量下降率高达52%,无法满足高功率重频HF/DF激光器的应用需求.在激光器循环管道中增加3A型分子筛吸附单元之后,激光器连续10余次重复频率50 Hz出光20s的激光能量下降率小于15%,其中首次出光能量下降率仅为7.2%,提高了激光能量稳定性且延长了激光介质使用寿命.3A型分子筛不仅对基态HF分子具有良好吸附效果,而且具有再生活化功能,有望取代非链式脉冲HF激光器激光介质净化技术中常用的化学吸附法.     

Ionization of Atoms and the Thomas-Fermi Model for the Electric Field in Crystal Planar Channels

The electric field in the crystal planar channels is studied by the Thomas Fermi method. The Thomas-Fermi equation and the corresponding boundary conditions are derived for the crystal planar channels. The numericalsolution for the electric field in the channels between (110) planes of the single crystal silicon and the critical angles ofchannelling protons in them are shown. Reasonable agreements with the experimental data are obtained. The resultsshow that the Thomas-Fermi method for the crystal works well in this study, and a microscopic research of the channelelectric field with the contribution of all atoms and the atomic ionization being taken into account is practical.     

Multiphoton Ionization of Potassium Atoms in Femtosecond Laser Fields

We study the multiphoton ionization of potassium atoms in 800 nm and 400 nm femtosecond laser fields.In the 800 nm laser field,the potassium atom absorbs three photons and emits one electron via one photon resonance with the 4p intermediate state with the help of the ac-Stark shift.The resonance feature is clearly shown as an Autler-Townes(AT) splitting and is mapped out in the electron kinetic energy spectrum.In a 400 nm laser field,although one photon resonance is possible with the 5p state,no splitting is observed.The different transition amplitudes between 4s-4p and 4s-5p explain the observed results.Due to the AT effect,an unexpected peak in the photoelectron energy spectrum that violates the dipole transition rule is observed.A preliminary explanation involving the spin-orbit interaction in the p state is given to account for this component.The observed ATsplitting in the electron kinetic energy distribution can be used as an effective method to calibrate the intensity of a laser field.     

Creation of Laser-Induced Long Ionized Channels in Air Suspension

Russian Physics Journal - The paper deals with the propagation of the powerful laser beam in gas-dispersion systems and atmospheric aerosol background, which is accompanied by a wide spectrum of...     

脉冲激光辐照下VO_2薄膜温升的有限元分析

为掌握高功率脉冲激光防护中脉冲激光各参量对VO2薄膜温升的具体影响,采用有限元分析程序ANSYS的热分析模块分析了VO2薄膜在脉冲激光辐照下的温度场变化,分析讨论了CO2脉冲激光的光斑尺寸、功率密度、脉冲宽度、重复频率四个参量,对VO2薄膜达到相变温度的时间与相变区域尺寸的影响.结果表明,光斑尺寸等四个参量共同影响薄膜达到相变温度的时间,在一定范围内增大光斑尺寸和功率密度可缩短薄膜相变的时间,而薄膜相变区域尺寸所占光斑面积的比例与二者并无直接关系,增大脉宽或重频都有利于缩短薄膜达到相变的时间,但前者对单脉冲产生热量的提升比后者效果更明显.     

Nanosecond Calibration of a Piezo Transducer by Comparing Thermoacoustic and Vaporization Pressure Signals at Pulsed Laser Irradiation of a Metal Target

Physics of Wave Phenomena - A possibility of calibrating a piezo transducer by comparing thermoacoustic and vaporization pressure signals generated in a metal (liquid mercury) irradiated with...     

Interdiffusion of Mo and W in the Shells of Electrogenerating Channels under Reactor Irradiation

Abstract—A detailed analysis of interdiffusion processes in emitter shells of electrogenerating channels (EGC) of reactors for space application after long term reactor irradiation is performed. Interdiffusion of Mo and W in the mono- and polycrystalline manufacturing technology with the W layer applied over them with thickness on the order of 10^–4 m with irradiation time from 3000 to 12 350 h and at temperatures from 1350 to 1670°C is studied. One of the mechanisms which facilitate the pore-formation process in the W layer and its separation is demonstrated. A method of calculating the activation energy, temperature, and residual thickness of the W layer on the basis of which the state of the shells can be estimated for a long time from the start of irradiation is proposed.     

On the Physical Principles of Gravitation

As is well known, the general theory of relativity (GTR) proceeds from the so-called equivalence principle according to which the dynamic effects of gravitation are identified with the kinematic effects of accelerated motion. In this theory, gravitation is associated with the Riemannian structure of the pseudo-Euclidean space-time (described by the metric tensor and the Riemannian connectivity and the curvature related with this tensor) specified in the four-dimensional space-time continuum. In the present work, it is first demonstrated that on the level of elementary particles (within the framework of the theory of quantized fields), the equivalence principle is violated. It is established that elementary particles with different masses (for example, electron and proton) move in the external gravitational field with different accelerations. In this connection, a new approach to the problem of gravitational interactions is suggested based on deformations of a latent dynamic system conditionally called ether that underlies elementary particle theory [2].