The Surface Structure of a TiNi-Based Powder Alloy Manufactured by the Method of Diffusion Sintering

Russian Physics Journal - The structural features of the surface of a TiNi-based powder alloy produced by diffusion sintering are studied. Two-dimensional porous samples based on a TiNi powder...     

ZnS型荧光粉的粒度、形貌和荧光发射谱的研究

本文主要对两种 Zn S型荧光粉 Zn S∶ Cu+和 Zn S∶ Mn2 +进行了研究。我们烧制了两种样品之后 ,对其进行了超声分散和包膜。经过超声分散和包膜处理后的样品的粒度分布分别为高斯型粒度分布 ,两者的中心粒度分别为 1 0微米和 2 0微米。两种样品的 SEM实验结果表明 ,经分散和包膜之后的颗粒形貌基本为圆形 ,颗粒的分散度很好 ,我们还分别测量了两者经过处理后的样品的荧光发射谱。 Zn S∶ Cu+ 的绿色发射峰值为 1 8860 cm- 1,Zn S∶ Mn2 + 的橙色发射峰值为 1 71 0 0 cm- 1。     

Accurate Gain Flattening Filters Manufactured by Optical Compensation Monitoring Method

GFFs with less than 0.4 dB peak-to-peak error functions are routinely fabricated using commercially available coating machines by utilizing the natural error compensation mechanism of wavelength variable turning point optical monitoring method.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备钕钡铜氧超导粉

采用溶胶-凝胶（Sol—Gel）法制备钕钡铜氧（NdBCO）超导原粉,并在不同的温度下进行烧结。用X射线衍射（XRD）分析表明烧结后的NdBCO超微粉在不同的温度下获得不同的相,其中800℃烧结得到的是Nd～123相,粒度计算结果表明粒径约为150nm左右。差热-热重（TGDTA）分析结果表明,在500℃柠檬酸分解,800℃时NdBCO超导原粉结晶,为超导靶材的制备奠定了良好的基础。     

Nanometric Antimony Powder Synthesis by Activated Alkaline Hydride Reduction of Antimony Pentachloride

A novel chemical reduction method using an activated alkaline hydride (LiH or NaH-t-BuONa) in tetrahydrofuran solvent has been applied to antimony salt reduction. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy studies have been carried out to characterize the morphology and structure of the materials. Alkali hydride nature influence has been proved. In both cases the process allows to prepare antimony particles in nanometer range from few nanometers to about 20nm which could be used as anodic materials for lithium–ion batteries. With lithium hydride well-crystallized particles inclined to agglomeration were observed whereas finely dispersed amorphous particles were pointing out after activated sodium hydride reduction.     

四氧化三钴粉末的沉淀法制备及表征

以硝酸钴为钴源,碳酸铵为沉淀剂,采用沉淀法制备四氧化三钴粉体。采用TG、XRD、IR、激光粒度分析仪等对前驱体碱式碳酸钴和产物四氧化三钴进行了表征及分析。研究了焙烧温度、反应物浓度和反应时间等因素对产物的影响。     

硼氢化钠还原对褐腐木质素结构特征的影响

采用FTIR、UV-Visible、NMR和GPC分析手段研究了褐腐木质素被NaBH₄还原前后的化学结构变化。FTIR表明褐腐木质素还原后1 677 cm-1处与苯环共轭的羰基峰消失,1 715 cm-1处非共轭羰基峰强度减弱,1 509和1 603 cm-1处苯环骨架振动吸收峰强度变化很小;UV表明褐腐木质素还原后位于288 nm的最强吸收峰和300～400nm区域的吸收强度降低;1H NMR表明褐腐木质素还原后甲氧基和酚羟基数量减少,醇羟基数量增加,褐腐木质素芳香环和结构单元联接键上的氢质子数增加;GPC表明褐腐木质素还原后分子量分布向高分子区域扩展,数均和重均分子量增大,分子量分布明显变宽。NaBH₄在碱性环境中可以将褐腐木质素中的共轭羰基完全还原为羟基,非共轭羰基部分还原为羟基,其侧链结构部分被改变,苯环结构稳定,褐腐木质素在还原过程中发生了缩合反应。     

Bulk, Surface and Morphological Features of Nanostructured Tin Oxide by a Controlled Alkoxide-Gel Path

SnO₂ particles and films were prepared by following a common sol–gel preparative route using tin (IV) alkoxide as the starting compound; the xerogels were thermally treated at 300, 500 and 700°C. The materials were characterized for phase composition-crystallinity, by X-ray diffraction, and for surface area and porosity, by N₂ adsorption isotherms. Both structural and morphological characterizations showed, at all temperatures, the formation of nanostructured SnO₂. By cyclic voltammetry and by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy the typical semiconductive behaviour of nanostructured materials was observed; the presence of Sn surface states with lower valence with respect to Sn(IV) was supported by both impedance and XPS analyses performed, also, in the valence band region. The isoelectric point (i.e.p.) of the material and its dependence on the temperature of calcination was obtained by means of electrophoretic mobility determinations as a function of the solution pH.M. Ionita: On leave from the Faculty of Industrial Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Department, University Politechnica of Bucharest     

Apparent Electrical Conductivity of Porous Titanium Prepared by the Powder Metallurgy Method

Porous titanium is produced by thepowder metallurgy method. Dependence of the electrical conductivity on the porosity and pore size is investigated and the experimental results are compared with a number of models. It is found that the minimum solid area model could be successfully applied to describe the relationship between the electrical conductivity and the porosity of porous titanium. This kind of conductivity increases with increasing pore sizes.     

溶胶-凝胶法合成Sr2CeO4及其发光性能的研究

采用Pechini溶胶－凝胶法合成了Sr2CeO4粉末。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、热重及差热分析（TG－DTA）以及发光光谱等测试手段对Sr2CeO4的结晶过程、发光性质进行了研究。XRD结果表明，用Pechini溶胶－凝胶法合成的样品800℃时已开始结晶，900℃时可得到三斜晶系的Sr2CeO4多晶粉末。扫描电镜照片可以看出颗粒大小不均匀，粒径约为1－5μm。发光光谱测试表明Sr2CeO4粉末的激发光谱是一个宽带双峰结构，分别位于310nm和340nm。这个宽带属于Ce^4 的电荷迁移带。用340nm激发样品，其发射光谱也是一个宽带，最大峰位于475nm，这个峰属于Ce^4 的f→t1g跃迁。用310nm激发得到的发射光谱与用340nm激发得到的发射光谱相同。     

钨-硅基红色荧光粉的制备及其能量传递

通过溶胶-凝胶技术制备了以稀土离子Eu3＋为激活剂的硅基发光材料,并考察了Na2WO4的掺杂对体系发光性能的影响。主要通过研究三维荧光光谱,荧光激发光谱和发射光谱,分析探讨了Na2WO4的掺入对发光中心Eu3＋发光性质的影响,结果发现,三维荧光光谱高斯图像充分表明了Na2WO4的掺杂有效地提高了Eu3＋的5D0→7F2特征跃迁。用荧光激发光谱图和发射光谱图进一步详细的表征了基质和Eu3＋的f→f跃迁及其强度变化情况。通过能级图、位形坐标图和敏化过程示意图等理论对这个影响的原因进行了进一步的说明和探讨。结果表明,O→W的电荷迁移带吸收了大量的能量,并有效地将能量传递给Eu3＋,促使发光中心的发光强度增大。但由于Na2WO4的掺杂还增加了硅基质的能量吸收而使整体材料的发光效率下降。     

Bulk and Surface Quenching of Structural Steel: Morphological Analysis of the Structure

Structures formed in medium-carbon low-alloy steels during bulk quenching from furnace heating and surface quenching initiated by a low-power high-current electron beam are investigated by the methods of diffraction electron microscopy. The influence of the carbon concentration, initial austenite grain size, and cooling rate on the morphology of martensitic crystals and self-tempered carbide particles, long-range stress fields inside a packet and plates, and their dislocation substructure is analyzed. The temperature intervals for the formation of high-temperature plate martensitic crystals and packet (lath) martensite are estimated. It is demonstrated that the structure formed at ultrahigh heating and cooling rates is determined mostly by the morphology of martensite in the initial steel samples.     

The Structural Features and Mechanical Properties of Submicrocrystalline Nickel Produced by Severe Plastic Deformation

Transmission electron microscopy is used to study the grain-subgrain structure of submicrocrystalline nickel produced by severe plastic deformation. The parameters of the grain-subgrain structure elements and the relative fractions of high- and low-angle grain boundaries in the microstructure subjected to severe plastic deformation are determined. The effect of the true grain size found by direct measurements on the mechanical properties of submicrocrystalline nickel is investigated.     

Metal-Glass-Ceramic Phases on the Surface of Porous TiNi-Based SHS-Material for Carriers of Cells

Russian Physics Journal - Using the methods of SEM, EDS, and optical microscopy, a large number of non-metallic inclusions are revealed on the pore surface of a TiNi-based SHS-alloy. According to...     

Structural Statistical Quantifiers and Thermal Features of Quantum Systems

This paper deals primarily with relatively novel thermal quantifiers called disequilibrium and statistical complexity, whose role is growing in different disciplines of physics and other sciences. These quantifiers are called L. Ruiz, Mancini, and Calvet (LMC) quantifiers, following the initials of the three authors who advanced them. We wish to establish information-theoretical bridges between LMC structural quantifiers and (1) Thermal Heisenberg uncertainties ΔxΔp (at temperature T); (2) A nuclear physics fermion model. Having achieved such purposes, we determine to what an extent our bridges can be extended to both the semi-classical and classical realms. In addition, we find a strict bound relating a special LMC structural quantifier to quantum uncertainties.     

Structural and Morphological Changes of Carbon Fiber Surfaces,Produced via Sputtering by Noble Gas Ions

SEM, laser goniophotometry, and Raman spectroscopy are used to analyze a modification of the carbon PAN fiber shell of KUP-VM composite upon irradiation with 30 keV Ne⁺ and Ar⁺ ions at normal incidence and temperatures of RT to 600°C. It is found that the formation of corrugated submicron structures in the composite upon irradiation at elevated temperatures (≥125°C for neon and ≥250°C for argon) displays certain features at temperatures of 400–500°C. The corrugated faces’ angles of inclination and the fraction of the corrugated structure on the fiber surface at these temperatures are minimal. Together with regularities established earlier, the observed patterns allow us to relate ion-induced corrugation to anisotropic radiation- induced plastic processes of dimensional changes in carbon materials affected by ion sputtering of their surfaces.