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A graph is -colorable if it admits a vertex partition into a graph with maximum degree at most and a graph with maximum degree at most . We show that every -free planar graph is -colorable. We also show that deciding whether a -free planar graph is -colorable is NP-complete. 相似文献
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In 2009, Kyaw proved that every -vertex connected -free graph with contains a spanning tree with at most 3 leaves. In this paper, we prove an analogue of Kyaw’s result for connected -free graphs. We show that every -vertex connected -free graph with contains a spanning tree with at most 4 leaves. Moreover, the degree sum condition “” is best possible. 相似文献
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For a positive integer , a graph is -knitted if for each subset of vertices, and every partition of into (disjoint) parts for some , one can find disjoint connected subgraphs such that contains for each . In this article, we show that if the minimum degree of an -vertex graph is at least when , then is -knitted. The minimum degree is sharp. As a corollary, we obtain that -contraction-critical graphs are -connected. 相似文献
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Let be an array of nonnegative numbers satisfying the recurrence relation with and unless . In this paper, we first prove that the array can be generated by some context-free Grammars, which gives a unified proof of many known results. Furthermore, we present criteria for real rootedness of row-generating functions and asymptotical normality of rows of . Applying the criteria to some arrays related to tree-like tableaux, interior and left peaks, alternating runs, flag descent numbers of group of type , and so on, we get many results in a unified manner. Additionally, we also obtain the continued fraction expansions for generating functions related to above examples. As results, we prove the strong -log-convexity of some generating functions. 相似文献
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The Erd?s–Gallai Theorem states that every graph of average degree more than contains a path of order for . In this paper, we obtain a stability version of the Erd?s–Gallai Theorem in terms of minimum degree. Let be a connected graph of order and be disjoint paths of order respectively, where , , and . If the minimum degree , then except several classes of graphs for sufficiently large , which extends and strengths the results of Ali and Staton for an even path and Yuan and Nikiforov for an odd path. 相似文献
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《Discrete Mathematics》2022,345(8):112903
Graphs considered in this paper are finite, undirected and loopless, but we allow multiple edges. The point partition number is the least integer k for which G admits a coloring with k colors such that each color class induces a -degenerate subgraph of G. So is the chromatic number and is the point arboricity. The point partition number with was introduced by Lick and White. A graph G is called -critical if every proper subgraph H of G satisfies . In this paper we prove that if G is a -critical graph whose order satisfies , then G can be obtained from two non-empty disjoint subgraphs and by adding t edges between any pair of vertices with and . Based on this result we establish the minimum number of edges possible in a -critical graph G of order n and with , provided that and t is even. For the corresponding two results were obtained in 1963 by Tibor Gallai. 相似文献
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《Discrete Mathematics》2022,345(11):113065
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Let be a simple connected graph with vertices and edges. The spectral radius of is the largest eigenvalue of its adjacency matrix. In this paper, we firstly consider the effect on the spectral radius of a graph by removing a vertex, and then as an application of the result, we obtain a new sharp upper bound of which improves some known bounds: If , where is an integer, then The equality holds if and only if is a complete graph or , where is the graph obtained from by deleting some edge . 相似文献
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In the papers (Benoumhani 1996;1997), Benoumhani defined two polynomials and . Then, he defined and to be the polynomials satisfying and . In this paper, we give a combinatorial interpretation of the coefficients of and prove a symmetry of the coefficients, i.e., . We give a combinatorial interpretation of and prove that is a polynomial in with non-negative integer coefficients. We also prove that if then all coefficients of except the coefficient of are non-negative integers. For all , the coefficient of in is , and when some other coefficients of are also negative. 相似文献
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The tensor product of graphs , and is defined by and Let be the fractional chromatic number of a graph . In this paper, we prove that if one of the three graphs , and is a circular clique, 相似文献
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Let be the -color Ramsey number of an odd cycle of length . It is shown that for each fixed , for all sufficiently large , where is a constant. This improves an old result by Bondy and Erd?s (1973). 相似文献