Hankel determinants of sums of consecutive Motzkin numbers

We use combinatorial methods to evaluate Hankel determinants for the sequence of sums of consecutive t-Motzkin numbers. More specifically, we consider the following determinant:

     

A Widom like formula for some Toeplitz plus Hankel determinants

A well known Widom formula expresses the determinant of a Toeplitz matrix _Tn$T_n$ with Laurant polynomial symbol f in terms of the zeros of f. We give similar formulae for some even Toeplitz plus Hankel matrices. The formulae are based on an analytic representation of the determinant of such matrices in terms of Chebyshev polynomials.     

Hankel determinants of linear combinations of consecutive Catalan-like numbers

Let ${\left(a_n\right)}_{n\ge 0}$ be a sequence of the Catalan-like numbers. We evaluate Hankel determinants $det{[\lambda a_{i+j}+\mu a_{i+j+1}]}_{0\le i,j\le n}$ and $det{[\lambda a_{i+j+1}+\mu a_{i+j+2}]}_{0\le i,j\le n}$ for arbitrary coefficients $\lambda$ and $\mu$. Our results unify many known results of Hankel determinant evaluations for classic combinatorial counting coefficients, including the Catalan, Motzkin and Schröder numbers.     

A multilinear operator for almost product evaluation of Hankel determinants

In a recent paper we have presented a method to evaluate certain Hankel determinants as almost products; i.e. as a sum of a small number of products. The technique to find the explicit form of the almost product relies on differential-convolution equations and trace calculations. In the trace calculations a number of intermediate nonlinear terms involving determinants occur, but only to cancel out in the end.In this paper, we introduce a class of multilinear operators γ acting on tuples of matrices as an alternative to the trace method. These operators do not produce extraneous nonlinear terms, and can be combined easily with differentiation.The paper is self contained. An example of an almost product evaluation using γ-operators is worked out in detail and tables of the γ-operator values on various forms of matrices are provided. We also present an explicit evaluation of a new class of Hankel determinants and conjectures.     

On the topology of Hankel multipliers and of Hankel convolution operators

The topologies of simple convergence and of bounded convergence are shown to coincide on the spaces of Hankel multipliers and of Hankel convolution operators. The properties of these spaces being bornological, nuclear, Montel, and reflexive are established.     

Hankel determinants of some polynomials arising in combinatorial analysis

In this paper we investigate Hankel determinants of the form , where c _n (t) is one of a number of polynomials of combinatorial interest. We show how some results due to Radoux may be generalized, and also show how “stepped up” Hankel determinants of the form may be evaluated. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Rates of convergence for continued fractions of irrational numbers

The dynamics of the Gauss Map suggests a way to compare the convergence to a real number ζ ε(0,l) of a continued fraction and the divergence of the orbit of ζ Of particular interest is the comparison of the rate of convergence to ζ of its simple continued fraction and the rate of divergence by the Gauss Map of the orbit of ζ for all irrational numbers in (0,l). We state and prove sharp inequalities for the convergence of the sequence of rational convergents of an irrational number ζ. We show that the product of the rate of convergence of the continued fraction of ζ and the rate of divergence by the Gauss Map of the orbit of ζ equals 1.     

Sums of powers of Catalan triangle numbers

In this paper, we consider combinatorial numbers ${\left(C_{m,k}\right)}_{m\ge 1,k\ge 0}$, mentioned as Catalan triangle numbers where $C_{m,k}?\left(\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{m?1}{k}\right)?\left(\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{m?1}{k?1}\right)$. These numbers unify the entries of the Catalan triangles $B_{n,k}$ and $A_{n,k}$ for appropriate values of parameters $m$ and $k$, i.e., $B_{n,k}=C_{2n,n?k}$ and $A_{n,k}=C_{2n+1,n+1?k}$. In fact, these numbers are suitable rearrangements of the known ballot numbers and some of these numbers are the well-known Catalan numbers $C_n$ that is $C_{2n,n?1}=C_{2n+1,n}=C_n$.We present identities for sums (and alternating sums) of $C_{m,k}$, squares and cubes of $C_{m,k}$ and, consequently, for $B_{n,k}$ and $A_{n,k}$. In particular, one of these identities solves an open problem posed in Gutiérrez et al. (2008). We also give some identities between ${\left(C_{m,k}\right)}_{m\ge 1,k\ge 0}$ and harmonic numbers ${\left(H_n\right)}_{n\ge 1}$. Finally, in the last section, new open problems and identities involving ${\left(C_n\right)}_{n\ge 0}$ are conjectured.     

Hankel convolution operators on entire functions and distributions

In this paper we study the Hankel convolution operators on the space of even and entire functions and on Schwartz distribution spaces. We characterize the Hankel convolution operators as those ones that commute with Hankel translations and with a Bessel operator. Also we prove that the Hankel convolution operators are hypercyclic and chaotic on the spaces under consideration.     

Spaces of type and the Hankel convolution

In this paper we introduce new function spaces that are denoted by , -1/2$"> and and that are spaces of type where the Hankel convolution and the Hankel transformation are defined. The spaces will play the same role in the Hankel setting that the spaces play in the theory of Fourier transformation.     

A thermodynamic classification of real numbers

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A new classification scheme for real numbers is given, motivated by ideas from statistical mechanics in general and work of Knauf (1993) [16] and Fiala and Kleban (2005) [8] in particular. Critical for this classification of a real number will be the Diophantine properties of its continued fraction expansion.

Video

For a video summary of this paper, please click here or visit http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qnPF2QS4cRg.     

On a generalized Hankel type convolution of generalized functions

The classical generalized Hankel type convolution are defined and extended to a class of generalized functions. Algebraic properties of the convolution are explained and the existence and significance of an identity element are discussed.     

Painlevé transcendents and the Hankel determinants generated by a discontinuous Gaussian weight

This paper studies the Hankel determinants generated by a discontinuous Gaussian weight with one and two jumps. It is an extension in a previous study, in which they studied the discontinuous Gaussian weight with a single jump. By using the ladder operator approach, we obtain a series of difference and differential equations to describe the Hankel determinant for the single jump case. These equations include the Chazy II equation, continuous and discrete Painlevé IV. In addition, we consider the large n behavior of the corresponding orthogonal polynomials and prove that they satisfy the biconfluent Heun equation. We also consider the jump at the edge under a double scaling, from which a Painlevé XXXIV appeared. Furthermore, we study the Gaussian weight with two jumps and show that a quantity related to the Hankel determinant satisfies a two variables' generalization of the Jimbo‐Miwa‐Okamoto σ‐form of the Painlevé IV.     

Generalized harmonic numbers,Jacobi numbers and a Hankel determinant evaluation

In this paper we will introduce a sequence of complex numbers that are called the Jacobi numbers. This sequence generalizes in a natural way several sequences that are known in the literature, such as Catalan numbers, central binomial numbers, generalized catalan numbers, the coefficient of the Hilbert matrix and others. Subsequently, using a study of the polynomial of Jacobi, we give an evaluation of the Hankel determinants that associated with the sequence of Jacobi numbers. Finally, by finding a relationship between the Jacobi numbers and generalized harmonic numbers, we determine the evaluation of the Hankel determinants that are associated with generalized harmonic numbers.     

Hankel transforms of generalized Motzkin numbers

We study Hankel transform of the sequences (u,l,d),t, and the classical Motzkin numbers. Using the method based on orthogonal polynomials, we give closed‐form evaluations of the Hankel transform of the aforementioned sequences, sums of two consecutive, and shifted sequences. We also show that these sequences satisfy some interesting convolutional properties. Finally, we partially consider the Hankel transform evaluation of the sums of two consecutive shifted (u,l,d)‐Motzkin numbers. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.