Der Zerfall des125m Xe,des127m Xe und des127g Xe

The decay of^125m Xe produced by the reaction¹²²Te(α, n)^125m Xe using a target enriched in¹²²Te (95.4%) and the decay of^127m Xe produced by the reaction¹²⁷J(d, 2n)^127m Xe have been investigated: ^125m Xe decays with a half-life ofT _1/2=(56±3) sec by ayy- cascade withE _γ1=(140.4 ±0.5) keV andE _γ2=(110.5 ±0.5) keV. The experimental conversion coefficients yield multipolarities ofE3 for the 140.4 keV isomeric transition and predominantlyM1 for the 110.5 keV-transition. ^127m Xe decays with a half-life ofT _1/2=(71±2) sec. The decay also proceeds by aγγ-cascade with an isomeric E3 transition ofE _γ1=(172.5±0.3) keV and a predominantlyM1 transition ofE _γ2=(124.6±0.3) keV. In the decay of^127g Xe an additional branching of the electron capture to a level at (618.1±0.3) keV was observed. The relative probability forK-captureP _K618/P_K375=0.40 ±0.07 yields a total transition energyQ _EC=(664 ±4)keV. A spin of 1/2⁺ was assigned to the ground state.     

Measurements of γ-γ and γ-electron directional correlations in119Sb

The directional correlations ofγ-γ andγ-electron cascades in¹¹⁹Sb are measured, in the decay of^119mTe. Bothγ-γ andγ-electron directional correlation coefficients are determined for the cascades (energies in keV): 153.5-1212.7, 942.3-270.5, (976.2+979.3)-270.5, 1095.7-270.5 and 1136.8-270.5. For the cascades 912.6-1366.2, 2013.4-270.5 and 2089.9-270.5γ-γ directional correlations are measured. The mixing ratios evaluated are:δ(M2/E1, 153.5 keV)=0.0003±0.0023,δ(E2/M1, 270.5 keV)=-0.39±0.29,δ(E2/M1, 942.3 keV)= ?0.26±0.12,δ(E3/M2,1095.7 keV)=?0.01±0.07, andδ(M3/E2,1212.7 keV) =0.004±0.007. The result is compared with theoretical predictions.     

Messung des Elektroneneinfangs am Kern176m Lu

The electron capture of^176m Lu to the ground state and to the first excited state of¹⁷⁶Yb has been observed by measuring the YbK x-rays and the 82,2 keV gamma-rays from the gamma decay of the first excited state in¹⁷⁶Yb. With the data of the 88,36 keV gammarays following the beta decay of^176m Lu to the first excited state of¹⁷⁶Hf the electron capture/beta decay ratio of^176m Lu was found to be (0,95±0,16)·10^?4. The electron capture branching ratio to the ground state and to the first excited state of¹⁷⁶Yb was found to be 40/60±30%. By analyzing the 88,36keV gamma-rays and the HfKx-rays the halflife of^176m Lu was evaluated to be 3,66±0,04 h. The value for theK-conversion coefficient of the 88,36keV transition was determined from the x-ray/gamma-ray ratio to be 1,19±0,09.     

States inN=80140Nd populated in the decay of140Pm

The level structure of theN=80,¹⁴⁰Nd has been investigated through the beta decay of^140m Pm and^140g Pm, whose decay half-lives were measured to be 5.95±0.05 min and 9.1±0.5 sec, respectively. Decay schemes for the two isomers have been constructed fromγ-ray measurements. With the help of the beta decayft values and internal conversion electron measurements, spins and parities were deduced for levels in¹⁴⁰Nd. Among the levels a 7^? state at 2222.0 keV and a 5^? state at 2273.3 keV are identified as two-neutron quasiparticle states. The (ie233-01) for^140m Pm and^140g Pm have been deduced as 7^? and 1⁺, respectively. From beta end-point measurements, the decay energies of the two isomers have been determined asQ _EC=6.48±0.07 MeV^140m (Pm) andQ _EC=6.08±0.10 MeV (^140gPm). The results are discussed in the light of nuclear systematics of theN=79 and 80 isotones.     

The decay of136Te (20.9 s)

The beta decay of¹³⁶Te has been investigated with the on-line mass separator LOHENGRIN from the Institute Laue-Langevin at Grenoble in conjunction with an air-jet collecting system. A level scheme of¹³⁶I based on coïncidence measurements has been established. The measuredQ _β value is 5100±150 keV.     

Levels and transitions in126Te

The decay of¹²⁶Sb to¹²⁶Te is studied by use of Ge(Li) detectors in singles and coincidence arrangements. The gamma-gamma directional correlations of six cascades are measured. A level scheme is constructed where all transitions observed are located. The characteristics of several of the levels are assigned, on basis of the logft values deduced and the directional correlation results. Mixing ratios are deduced for three transitions. From the comparison of the relative intensities ofE1 andE2 transitions depopulating the same levels, threeE1 transitions are concluded to be strongly retarded.     

The beta decay of90g Tc and90m Tc

The level structure of⁹⁰Mo is investigated via the beta decay of^90g Tc and^90m Tc whose half-lives are measured to be 8.7±0.2 and 49.2±0.4 s, respectively. The decay properties are studied by means of beta and gamma spectroscopy techniques. The level structure of⁹⁰Mo populated in the decays of both isomers is proposed with deducedJ ^π values. Theβ-decay energies for^90g Tc and^90m Tc are 8.8±0.3 and 9.3±0.3 MeV, respectively. The structure is discussed in terms of the shell model.     

Levels and transitions in125Te

Gamma transitions and levels of¹²⁵Te following the decay of¹²⁵Sb have been studied using Ge(Li) detector and NaI(Tl)-NaI(Tl) sum-coincidence spectrometer incorporated with a fast-slow coincidence circuit. In all, twenty five gamma rays have been reported, out of which two weak gamma rays with energies 366·0 and 402·0 keV have been observed and confirmed for the first time. These gamma rays have been fitted by assigning a new level of 402 keV energy. An ambiguous transition of energy 122·1 keV has also been confirmed. No evidence was found for the existence of 145·9, 315·0, 489·8, and 497·4 keV transitions. The accurate intensities for various transitions have been determined.     

The beta decay of88gNb and88mNb

The level structure of⁸⁸Zr is investigated via the beta decay of^88g Nb and^88m Nb whose half-lives are measured to be 14.4±0.2 m and 7.7±0.1 m, respectively. The decay properties are studied by means of beta and gamma spectroscopy techniques. The level structure of⁸⁸Zr populated in the decays of both isomers is proposed with deducedJ ^π values. Theβ-decay energies for^88g Nb and^88m Nb are measured to be 7.55±0.10 and 7.59±0.10 MeV, respectively. The structure is discussed in terms of the shell model.     

Spin values of the low lying nuclear levels of201Hg

Gamma-gamma directional correlations have been investigated for the cascades of 135-30 keV and 135-32 keV in²⁰¹Hg from the decay of²⁰¹Tl. A combination of NaI (Tl) and Si (Li) detectors was used for the experiments. Spin values ofI=1/2, 3/2 and 1/2 have been assigned to 1.58, 32.19 and 167.49 keV energy levels. In addition, the relative intensities of theγ rays have been measured with a Ge (Li) detector system. The results are 2.2±0.2, 2.2±0.2, 26.5±1.3, 1.6±0.1 and 100 for theγ rays of 30.60, 32.19, 135.34, 165.88 and 167.43 keV energies, respectively.     

Der Zerfall des122Xe (T 1/2=20,l h) und des122J (T 1/2=3,6min)

Theγ spectra emitted in the decay of¹²²Xe and¹²²I have been investigated using Ge(Li) detectors and a Ge(Li)-NaI coincidence apparatus. 14γ transitions with energies between 61.8 and 416.9 keV have been identified in the decay of¹²²Xe, 44 transitions between 564.0 and 3,291.0 keV in the decay of¹²²I. Level schemes having 7 excited levels for¹²²I and 21 excited levels for¹²²Te are proposed.     

The mass yield distribution of fragments studied with improved antisymmetrized molecular dynamics

The radiative decays of 4.7 d^119m Te and 16 h^119g Te have been re-investigated. Compared to previous investigations, almost twice more transitions have been observed. Revised decay schemes are proposed in which most of the observed transitions are attributed. The half lives of the levels at 270.45 keV (g 7/2), 644.01 keV (s 1/2), 1212.69 keV (9/2⁺) and 1366.15 keV (h 11/2) have been measured by means of the delayed coincidence method and found to be 35±10ps, <10ps, <10 ps and 112±15 ps respectively. The states are discussed in the framework of current models.     

Decay of108, 109, 110Sb

The structure of¹¹⁰Sn is investigated through the decay of¹¹⁰Sb, whose half-life is measured to be 24.0±0.3 s. Gamma ray spectroscopy measurements lead to the construction of a decay scheme comprising 36 transitions among 18 levels in¹¹⁰Sn. Spin and parity of the states involved in the decay are deduced. New isotopes^109,108sb are identified and their decay properties are discussed. The decay half-life of¹⁰⁹Sb is measured to be 18.3±0.5 s and that of¹⁰⁸Sb to be 7.0±0.5 s.     

Experimental study of the decay of81gSe and81mSe

The decay of^81gSe and^81mSe was investigated with Ge(Li) spectrometers and Ge(Li) gamma-gamma coincidences. Accurate energies, intensities and half-lives have been measured for 11 gamma-rays. These gamma-rays fit into a⁸¹Br level scheme with levels at: 275.9, 535.9, 538.2, 565.9, 649.7 and 828.2 keV. Beta component intensities were deduced from measured gamma intensities. The half-life is found to be (17.9±0.5) min for^81gSe, and (57.28±0.05) min for^81mSe.     

A new beta decaying isomer of131Sn; partial level scheme of131Sb

Gamma spectrum and half life of¹³¹Sn decay have been measured using the unslowed fission fragment separator Lohengrin at the high flux reactor of the Institute Laue-Langevin, Grenoble. Two beta-decaying isomers are evidenced, with half-lives of 39±2 s and 50±2 s. Additional confirmation of this isomerism is given by fission fragment-γ delayed coincidence, leading to a partial level scheme of¹³¹Sb including an isomeric level of 50±8 μs life-time at 1676.6 keV.     

Groundstate proton radioactivity of nuclei in the tin region

Proton radioactivities with decay energies of (0.98±0.08) MeV and (0.83±0.08) MeV were produced by the fusion reactions⁵⁸Ni+⁵⁸Ni→¹¹⁶Ba ? and⁵⁸Ni+⁵⁴Fe→¹¹²Xe ?, and their halflives were measured to be (33±7) μs and (109±17) μs, respectively. The intensities of the lines correspond to production cross sections of about 30 μb and 40 μb. The two activities are assigned to the direct proton decay of¹¹³Cs and¹⁰⁹I. The measured halflives are compared with values calculated ford _5/2 andg _7/2 groundstates of¹⁰⁹I and¹¹³Cs and spectroscopic factors are deduced for the decays. An extensive search for the proton decay of¹⁰⁵Sb, produced in the reaction⁵⁰Cr(⁵⁸Ni,p2 n)¹⁰⁵Sb, had a negative result, excluding decay energies between 0.5 MeV and 1.5 MeV for halflives between 10 ns and 5 s.     

Theβ + decay of the new isotope86Mo and the first observation of86m Nb

Theβ ⁺ decay of⁸⁶Mo has been firstly investigated by means ofβγ spectroscopy. The⁸⁶Mo nuclei were produced by fusion-evaporation reactions of⁵⁴ Fe (³⁵Cl, 1 p2n) and⁵⁸Ni (³²S,2p 2n) at beam energies of 103 and 120 MeV, respectively. Threeγ rays of 47.3, 49.8 and 187.0 keV were unambiguously identified to follow theβ ⁺ decay of⁸⁶Mo by results ofXγ andβγ coincidence and cross-bombardment. A half life and a maximumβ ⁺-ray energy of⁸⁶Mo were determined to be 19.6±1.1 s and 3.9±0.4 MeV, respectively. A decay scheme of⁸⁶Mo is proposed in this article. Furthermore, a decay of⁸⁶Nb has been studied using the same combinations of projectiles and targets, and a newβ-decaying isomer^86m Nb was observed with a half life of 56.3±8.3 s.     

Messung von HalbwertszeitenK-verbotener Übergänge ingg-Kernen der Seltenen Erden

The half-life of the 1,490 keV level in¹⁶²Dy has been measured in the decay of¹⁶²Ho^m (68 min) by delayed coincidences ofKX rays and (900-1,300) keV gamma radiation to be (1.94 ± 0.19) nsec. A half-life in¹⁷⁶Hf has been remeasured in the decay of¹⁷⁶Ta (8.1h) by delayed coincidences of KX rays and (1,100–1,200) keV gamma radiation to be (4.75 ± 0.25) nsec. In order to fix the level with this half-life in the level scheme of¹⁷⁶Hf, the gamma spectrum delayed to KX rays was measured. It is suggested that probably the 1,227.4 keV-level of¹⁷⁶Hf is delayed and has the spin 2^? or 3⁺.     

Interactions of slow neutrons with nuclides of antimony,tellurium and iodine

Coherent neutron scattering lengths and total cross sections have been measured on samples of ordinary Sb, Te, I and on isotopically enriched compounds. From the experimental data for neutron energies of 0.57 meV, 1.26 eV and 5.2 eV the following data were obtained: the coherent scattering lengths (in fm) of the bound atoms Sb (5.57±0.03);¹²¹Sb(5.71±0.06),¹²³Sb(5.38±0.07); Te(5.80±0.03) and for its isotopes of the mass number 122(3.8±0.2); 123(?0.05±0.25?i·0.100); 124(7.95±0.10); 125(5.01±0.08); 126(5.55±0.07); 128 (5.88±0.07); 130(6.01±0.07). the thermal absorption cross sections (in barn) for Sb(4.91±0.05);¹²¹Sb(5.77±0.12);¹²³Sb(3.8±0.2); Te(4.05±0.05) and I(6.15±0.06). The combination of the measured values of scattering lengths and -cross sections resulted in data for coherent and incoherent cross sections. Taking account of resonance data a complete set of spin state- and reconance scattering lengths has been obtained and discussed.     

Half-life measurements and gamma spectroscopy in the decay184Re m →184W

The half-lives of the intrinsic states at 1,285.8 and 1,502.2 keV in¹⁸⁴W have been measured in the decay of¹⁸⁴Re ^m to be 8.33±0.18Μs and 2.35±0.10 ns, respectively. These half-lives determine absolute gamma-ray transition probabilities of eight transitions and yield upper limits for three transitions. The decay scheme of¹⁸⁴Re ^m →¹⁸⁴W is improved through measurements of delayed gamma-ray spectra with a Ge(Li) detector. Spin and Nilsson model interpretations are discussed.