A study of meson-baryon couplings in the constituent quark model

Within the framework of the constituent quark model we discuss the effects of different types of meson-baryon-baryon vertex operators on the form factors and the coupling strengths of the lowest-lying positive and negative parity non-strange baryons. We compare the quark pair creation model (³P₀-model) with the SU(6)-model in which mesons are treated as elementary fields that directly couple to the quarks. The latter model is employed both in the so-called static limit and in a modification motivated by Galilei invariance. It is demonstrated that the inclusion of non-static effects simulates some features of the³P₀ vertex. Especially the reaction πN→ππN is found to be very sensitive to the different assumptions on the dynamics of theq¯q pair creation process. More indirect hints for the internal structure of the mesons might be obtained from the predicted asymmetry for the two form factors ofN→Δ+π andΔ→N+π, which occurs in the³P₀-model, only.     

Elastic scattering of electrons by nuclei of half-integer spin and discrete symmetries

Analytical expression is obtained for the right-left asymmetry A _RL ^(3/2) for the process of elastic scattering of the longitudinally polarized electrons by nuclei with spin 3/2, described in the framework of Rarita-Schwinger formalism by invariant form factors of electromagnetic and weak vertex functions. It is shown, that this asymmetry directly depends on the nuclear anapole form factors G ₁ ⁽ⁿ⁾, and structurally is equivalent to asymmetry A _RL ^(1/2), which arises in electron scattering by proton.     

Investigation of the semileptonic weak decays of B (s) to S (Scalar Meson) via light-cone QCD sum rules

In this paper, the semileptonic weak decay process of B _(s) → S scalar mesons is investigated by using the light-cone QCD sum rules (LCSR) in the nonperturbative part. The corresponding transition matrix elements leading to form factors and the branching ratio of this process are determined.     

Weak decays of heavy baryons in the light-front approach

In this work, we analyse semi-leptonic and non-leptonic weak decays of the heavy baryons: Λ_b,Ξ_b,?_b and Λ_c,Ξ_c,?_c. For non-leptonic decay modes, we study only the factorizable channels induced by the external Wemission. The two spectator quarks in the baryonic transitions are treated as a diquark and form factors are calculated in the light-front approach. Using the results for form factors, we also calculate some corresponding semi-leptonic and non-leptonic decay widths. We find that our results are comparable with the available experimental data and other theoretical predictions. Decay branching fractions for many channels are found to reach the level 10~(-3)~10~(-2),which is promising for discovery in future measurements at BESIII, LHCb and Belle II. The SU(3) symmetry in semi-leptonic decays is examined and sources of symmetry breaking are discussed.     

Kl3 form factors and the (8,8) model of chiral symmetry breaking—Unitarized version

K_l3 form factors are studied in an analytic hard-meson approach, using the (8, 8) model of chiral SU(3) ? SU(3) symmetry breaking. The divergence form factor is required to show resonance behavior near the kappa meson mass. The ensuing resonance conditions are used to express λ₀, the slope of the divergence form factor and Γ_κ, in terms of the kappa width, in the kappa mass. A considerable suppression of λ₀ below its Callan-Treiman value can be obtained. Comparison is made with a previous analysis of K_l3 decay using the (3, 3¹) + (3¹, 3) model of symmetry breaking. It is suggested that one cannot rule out the (8, 8) model in favor of the (3, 3¹) + (3¹, 3) at present.     

Electromagnetic N-Δ transition form factors in a covariant quark-diquark model

The electromagnetic N-Δ transition form factors are calculated in the framework of a formally covariant constituent diquark model. As a spin- $tfrac {3}{2}$ particle the Δ is assumed to be a bound state of a quark and an axial-vector diquark. The wave function is obtained from a diquark-quark Salpeter equation with an instantaneous quark exchange potential. The three transition form factors are calculated for momentum transfers squared from the pseudothreshold (M_Δ ?M _N )² up to ?2 (GeV/c)². The magnetic form factor is in qualitative agreement with experiment. We find very interesting results for the ratios E2/M1 and C2/M1.     

Ignition model of boron particle based on the change of oxide layer structure

The oxide layer of boron particle is generally regarded as a two-layer structure the inner layer is B₂O₃ and the outer is (BO)_n. However, under lower temperature, a tiny layer of B₂O₃ can be generated at the surface of the (BO)_n and form a three-layer structure during the ignition process, which has been proven by experimental phenomenon. Accordingly, a parameter xo is adopted to represent the thickness of the outer B₂O₃(l) layer (outermost layer), and a simplified kinetic and diffusion model for the ignition process of boron particles in dry and wet atmosphere is developed with considering the generation and consumption process of the outermost layer. The ignition process is divided into two parts (ignition delay and first-stage combustion) by the parameter xo. The ignition temperature is defined as the particle temperature at the moment that xo reaches 0. When xo?>?0, the particle is under the ignition delay process, and the evaporation product is B₂O₃(g). When xo?=?0, the particle turns to the first-stage combustion process. (BO)_n is exposed to the environment, the evaporation products are B₂O₂(g) and B₂O₃(g), and the particle is under the two-layer structure. The oxygen diffusion inward is available during these two processes. The ignition time which is predicted by this model is in good agreement with published experimental data. Under a real ramjet condition, higher ambient temperature and concentration of water vapor can reduce both the maximum value of xo and the ignition time. The ignition temperature decreases with higher water vapor concentration, but increases with the higher ambient temperature.     

Electromagnetic form factors for nucleons and pions at positive and negative q 2 in the model of quark-gluon strings

The electromagnetic form factors for pions and nucleons are considered within the model of quark-gluon strings, where the momentum-transfer dependence of hadronic form factors is determined by the intercepts of the corresponding Regge trajectories and by the Sudakov form factor. Analytic expressions found for form factors in the timelike region admit an analytic continuation to the spacelike region. The resulting form factors for pions and nucleons comply well with experimental data both for positive and for negative values of the squared momentum transfer q ². It is shown that the distinctions between the absolute values of the pion and nucleon form factors F _π(q ²), G _m (q ²), and F ₂(q ²) at positive values of q ² and those at negative values of this variable are associated with the analytic properties of the double-logarithmic term in the exponent of the Sudakov form factor. The spin structure of the amplitudes for quark transitions into hadrons that is proposed in the present study makes it possible to describe fairly well available experimental data on the Pauli form factor F ₂ and on the ratio G _e /G _m .     

Constraints on distribution amplitudes of the η and η′ mesons in the light of new experimental results

Constraints on the distribution amplitudes of the SU _f (3) singlet η ₁ and octet η ₈ states are obtained from a comparison of the theoretical predictions for the η γ and η′γ electromagnetic transition form factors with experimental data of the CLEO and BaBar Collaborations. In calculations of the form factors F _η(η′)γ (Q ²) the power-suppressed corrections arising from the end-point integration regions x→0,1 are taken into account by employing the infrared renormalon approach. It is demonstrated that the power-suppressed corrections allow one to describe the data on the η γ and η′γ transitions within a framework of the SU _f (3) octet–singlet basis using one mixing angle for both the physical states and decay constants.     

The proton form factor measurements at Jefferson Lab, past and future

Use of the double-polarization technique to obtain the elastic nucleon form factors has resulted in a dramatic improvement of the quality of two of the four nucleon electromagnetic form factors, G _Ep and G _En . It has also changed our understanding of the proton structure, having resulted in a distinctly different Q ²-dependence for both G _Ep and G _Mp , contradicting the prevailing wisdom of the 1990’s based on cross section measurements, namely that G _Ep and G _Mp obey a “scaling” relation μG _Ep ～ G _Mp . A related consequence of the faster decrease of G _Ep revealed by the Jefferson Lab (JLab) polarization results was the disappearance of the early scaling F ₂/F ₁ ～ 1/Q ² predicted by perturbative QCD. In three experiments, GEp(1), GEp(2) and GEp(3), in Halls A and C at JLab, the ratio of the proton’s electromagnetic elastic form factors, G _Ep /G _Mp , was measured up to four momentum transfer Q ² of 8.5 GeV² with high precision, using the recoil polarization technique. The initial discovery that the proton form factor ratio measured in these three experiments decreases approximately linearly with four-momentum transfer, Q ², for values above ～ 1 GeV², was modified by the GEp(3) results, which suggests a slowing down of this decrease. There is an approved experiment, GEp(5), to continue these measurements to 15 GeV². A dedicated experimental setup, the super bigbite spectrometer (SBS), will be built for this purpose. It will be equipped with a new focal plane polarimeter to measure the polarization of the recoil protons. In this presentation, I will review the status of the proton elastic electromagnetic form factors, mention succinctly a number of theoretical approaches to describe results and show some features required for the future GEp(5) experiment.     

Relationships among Jahn-Teller reduction factors for a Γ8 state in cubic symmetry

The general form of the reduction factors for a fourfold degenerate Γ₈ state in cubic symmetry is obtained for linear Jahn-Teller coupling to one or more vibrational modes of E(Γ₃) and/or T₂(Γ₅) symmetry.     

Nucleon momentum distributions and elastic electron scattering form factors for some 1p-shell nuclei

The nucleon momentum distributions (NMD) and elastic electron scattering form factors of the ground state for 1p-shell nuclei with Z?=?N (such as ⁶Li, ¹⁰B, ¹²C and ¹⁴N nuclei) have been calculated in the framework of the coherent density fluctuation model (CDFM) and expressed in terms of the weight function $\left| {f( x )} \right|^2$ . The weight function has been expressed in terms of nucleon density distribution (NDD) of the nuclei and determined from the theory and the experiment. The feature of the long-tail behaviour at high-momentum region of the NMDs has been obtained by both the theoretical and experimental weight functions. The experimental form factors F(q) of all the considered nuclei are very well reproduced by the present calculations for all values of momentum transfer q. It is found that the contributions of the quadrupole form factors F _C2(q) in ¹⁰B and ¹⁴N nuclei, which are described by the undeformed p-shell model, are essential for obtaining a remarkable agreement between the theoretical and experimental form factors.     

Unitarized hard-meson calculation of Kl3 form factors

K_l3 form factors are studied in the analytic hard-meson framework. The Gell-Mann-Oakes-Renner model for chiral SU(3) × SU(3) symmetry breaking is employed to determine the so called σ-terms and current divergences. PCAC is used for the π^? and K-mesons, and two-particle unitarity is used for the 1^? and 0⁺ channels. The results depend on the Kappa-meson mass. Results are presented for the slope of the divergence form factor λ₀, the ratio $\text{ξ =}\text{?}{}_{\mathrm{?}}\text{(0)}\text{?}{}_{\mathrm{+}}\text{(0)}$, and the width of the Kappa meson, for m_κ = 900 and 1100 MeV. It is found that the κ has a large width, and the prediction for λ₀ and ξ are in quantitative agreement with the recent experiments.     

Molecular field theory analysis of R3Co11B4 compounds

The temperature dependence of magnetization of the R₃Co₁₁B₄ compounds has been analysed using the two-sublattice molecular field theory. The molecular field coefficients, n_CoCo, n_RCo, n_RR, have been calculated by a numerical fitting process. The analytic form of the exchange field H_R(T) varying with temperature for each of the R₃Co₁₁B₄ compounds is presented, and some results are discussed.     

Study of form factors of elastic and inelastic electron scattering by 20Ne

The elastic electron scattering form factor and also the form factor of inelastic scattering accompanied by nuclear transitions to excited states of the ground rotational band are calculated within the Sp_z(2, R) model reproducing the dynamics of quadrupole nonsphericity of ²⁰Ne. The Sp_z(2, R) model is shown to describe correctly the experimental dependence of the elastic and inelastic (for the 0⁺ to 2⁺ state transition) form factors of the momentum transferred and, consequently, to remove some difficulties experienced by other dynamic models.     

Single-particle and core-excited states in 49Sc: (I). The 48Ca(3He,d)49Sc reaction

The ⁴⁸Ca(³He, d)⁴⁹Sc reaction has been studied at 25 MeV incident energy. Angular distributions have been measured from 5° to 40° using a split-pole spectrometer, for about 160 levels located up to 18 MeV excitation energy. A local zero-range DWBA analysis has been carried out, using Gamow functions as form factors in the case of unbound states; l-assignments and spectroscopic factors are obtained for a large number of levels, most of them previously unknown. The summed experimental spectroscopic strengths for the T_<, l = 1 and l = 3 levels are in good agreement with the shell-model sum-rule limits for 1f-2p proton states, and their energy centroids have been determined. The $\text{lg}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>9</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$ strength in ⁴⁹Sc is strongly fragmented: about 27% of the T_< strength is carried by twenty-three levels located between 6.5 and 13.5 MeV. Spectroscopic factors for analog states are compared with those from previous (p, p), (³He, dp) and (d, p) experiments.     

Kl3 from factors and (8, 8) model of chiral symmetry breaking

K_l3 form factors are calculated in the single particle approximation to the spectral functions. The so-called sigma terms and current divergences are calculated in the (8, 8) model of chiral symmetry breaking. Comparison with the experimental results and the (3,3¹) + (3¹, 3) model is made. It is concluded that it is not possible to rule out the (8, 8) model in favor of the (3,3¹) + (3¹) + (3¹, 3) model at present.     

A detailed analysis ofD-,D s - andB-meson transition form factors and the determination of |V cb |

We study various transition form factors in semi-leptonic decays ofD-,D _s -,B- andB _s -mesons using the pole dominance assumption. The vector current form factor is found to have only a negligible contribution to the decay rates involving pseudoscalar to vector transitions. In view of this fact we evaluate the form factors from present experimental data on the exclusive semi-leptonic decay rateΓ and the ratioΓ _l /Γ _T of the longitudinal and transverse partial decay rates. Some non-leptonic two-body decay rates are also investigated using the factorization ansatz. Consistency with the semi-leptonic decays is found. The transition form factors of theD- andD _s -mesons are found to contradict the predictions of quark model. In contrast, the experimental data on the transition form factors ofB-mesons are found to be consistent with the quark model predictions. The KM matrix element |V _cb | is determined to be |V _cb |=0.040±0.010, a value somewhat smaller than is usually chosen.