用于等离子体电位测量的电容探针和发射探针

本文给出了发射探针和电容探针测量等离子体电位的实验和方法。发射探针采用直流功率加热，并在较强电子发射条件下运行（Ｉ_（ｅ０）／Ｉ_（ｅ０）＞１）。电容探针表面二次电子发射系数δ≥１。本文对发射探针的电子发射性能、工作电流、电容探针的输入、输出电压关系进行了标定实验。得到了电容探针的校准系数分别为３×１０（－３）、５×１０（－４）。实验给出了ＭＭ－４会切中心等离子体电位Ｖ_（ｐ４）＝－８２±９－１２２±１２Ｖ；ＭＭ－４Ｕ东、西会切中心等离子体电位分别为Ｖ_（Ｐ４ｕ１）＝－５２．９±３．２Ｖ，Ｖ_（Ｐ４ｕ２）＝－６２±３．２Ｖ。     

差分发射探针在微波等离子体中的应用

本文引入的差分发射探针技术，主要用于测量等主子体电势。其中主要采用了直流加热探针和反馈环控制偏压电路，使等离子体电势的直接、连续和自动指示成为可能。与比较成熟的单探针测量技术相比，本文给出的方法测量结果正确，操作简单，能自动跟踪批示。     

脉冲射频容性耦合氩等离子体的发射探针诊断

利用工作在浮点模式下的发射探针,对500 Hz脉冲调制的27.12 MHz容性耦合氩气等离子体的空间电位和电子温度的时变特性进行了诊断.等离子体空间电位是通过测量强热状态下的发射探针电位获得的,而电子温度则是由发射探针在冷、热状态下的电位差来估算得到.测量结果表明:脉冲开启时,空间电位会快速上升并在300μs内趋于饱和;当脉冲关断后,空间电位经历了快速下降后趋于稳定的过程.电子温度在脉冲开启时存在过冲并趋于稳定的特征;而在脉冲关断期间,电子温度在300μs内则快速下降到0.45 e V后略有上升.无论在脉冲开启或关断期间,空间电位基本上都随功率和气压的变化存在有线性的依赖关系;而放电功率对脉冲开启期间过冲电子温度与稳态电子温度差异的影响较大.针对空间电位和电子温度在各阶段及不同放电条件下的时变特性,给出了相应的解释.     

微环装置中等离子体电位测量

等离子体电位是托卡马克装置的一个重要参数。它的测量在放电机制、等离子体的平衡与稳定、等离子体-表面相互作用以及杂质控制等研究课题中有着极其重要的作用。 本文描述用朗谬尔探针,以及由它组成的对称双探钎系统(以下简称SDP系统)测量微环托卡马克边界区等离子体电位V_0的两种方法和结果。     

利用介质阻挡探针法测量大气压氦等离子体射流电子密度

分别利用电子的漂移速度和等离子体的传播速度计算了大气压下氦等离子体射流的电子密度。     

微波三探针等离子体阻抗测量系统

1引言在微波等离子体系统中，等离子体作为微波传输线的负载．它的物理和化学性质的变化在微波传输线中通过负载阻抗的变化体现出来[1]．我们自行研制的微波三探针等离子体阻抗测量系统具有结构简单、成本低、灵敏度高、对微波硬件要求低等优点，为我们了解等离子体内部性质的变化提供了又一诊断途径．2微波三探针等离子体阻抗测量系统的工作原理图1为我们自行设计的微波三探针等离子体阻抗测量系统的结构示意图．在长度为133mm的．BJ—22型矩形波导的宽边中心线上，三只微波电探针以间隔λg／6（λg为波导波长，在我们使用的2450MHZ微波…     

线状镁激光等离子体电子密度的空间分辨测量

本文报道在ＬＦ１２激光装置线聚焦打靶情况下，利用ＭｇⅪ共振线和互组合线的强度比推得的激光等离子体电子密度的空间分布轮廓。将此结果和点聚焦打靶得到的结果比较发现二者区别不大。本文还讨论了电子复合伴线、光厚等因素对电子密度测量的影响。     

金激光等离子体的空间分辨X射线发射谱及其应用

在星光II激光装置上,采用PET平面晶体谱仪与宽20μm的狭缝构成一维空间分辨光谱测量系统,对金平面靶激光等离子体进行观测,获得了沿靶面法向一维空间分辨的金M带发射谱。在实验谱中观察到了Au元素类Ni离子的电四极跃迁线3p63d10(1S0) 3p53d104d(3/2,5/2)J=1。利用电四极跃迁线对电子密度的敏感特性,开展了金激光等离子体电子密度诊断的尝试,确定出利用该谱线进行电子密度诊断的有效范围大致在1019～4.5×1021cm-3之间。     

Negative plasma potential in unmagnetized DC electropositive plasma with conducting walls

Negative plasma potentials were obtained in DC hot filament unmagnetized electropositive argon plasma for sufficiently low neutral pressure. Double layers provide ion and electron confinement near the walls. The potential profiles from the center of the plasma to the potential minima are quite similar in shape to those observed when the plasma has positive plasma potentials. The primary electrons emitted from the filaments are important for charge conservation and for modification of the Bohm criteria but are not important for current balance.     

Comparative measurements of the plasma potential with the ball-pen and emissive probes on the CASTOR tokamak

A novel approach to the direct measurement of the plasma potential in magnetized plasmas, using the so-called “ball-pen probe”, was recently tested in the CASTOR tokamak. Comparison with the standard technique of plasma potential measurement using the emissive probe is reported. It is found that the plasma potential determined by the emissive probe is systematically lower than that measured by the ball-pen probe. The difference is of the of the of kT _e/e. A possible reason of this difference is the space charge occurring in the proximity of the emissive probe.     

Gravitational potential in fractional space

In this paper the gravitational potential with β-th order fractional mass distribution was obtained in α dimensionally fractional space. We show that the fractional gravitational universal constant G _α is given by , where G is the usual gravitational universal constant and the dimensionality of the space is α > 2.      

Effective potential in curved space and cut-off regularizations

We consider derivation of the effective potential for a scalar field in curved space-time within the physical regularization scheme, using two sorts of covariant cut-off regularizations. The first one is based on the local momentum representation and Riemann normal coordinates and the second is operatorial regularization, based on the Fock-Schwinger-DeWitt proper-time representation. We show, on the example of a self-interacting scalar field, that these two methods produce equal results for divergences, but the first one gives more detailed information about the finite part. Furthermore, we calculate the contribution from a massive fermion loop and discuss renormalization group equations and their interpretation for the multi-mass theories.     

Effect of global plasma parameters on the transition of edge pedestal properties in jϕ−α space

We have derived analytic expressions for the variation of the normalized pressure gradient and current density in the edge pedestal in terms of global plasma parameters. Comparison of our model with numerical results shows good agreement. Our model has been applied to explain the behavior of pedestal width and height when the plasma parameters change. The transition of the equilibrium point with the change of plasma parameters for the same pedestal width in the ${\mathit{j}}_{?}-\alpha$ space is calculated using our model. The growth or contraction of the edge pedestal can then be determined if the new stability boundary is known.     

Observation of floating potential asymmetry in the edge plasma of the SINP tokamak

Edge plasma properties in a tokamak is an interesting subject of study from the view point of confinement and stability of tokamak plasma. The edge plasma of SINP-tokamak has been investigated using specially designed Langmuir probes. We have observed a poloidal asymmetry of floating potentials, particularly the top-bottom floating potential differences are quite noticeable, which in turn produces a vertical electric field (E_v). This E_v remains throughout the discharge but changes its direction at certain point of time which seems to depend on applied vertical magnetic field (B_v).     

光谱法测HT-7托卡马克诊断中性束的束成分

 实验测量了诊断中性束(DNB)中H0的4种主要能量成分(全能量,半能量,1/3能量,1/18能量),运用光谱法来分析中性束的束成分所占百分数。根据多普勒效应,中性束中的氢粒子发出的Ha波长偏离本底的Ha波长,波长偏移量与氢粒子的能量相关,从而在光谱仪上得到多峰Ha谱线。通过编写程序并以此对实验的原始谱线进行了初步和精确拟合,最终准确有效地分析出中性束的束成分和束能量。实验测得DNB束流的中性氢粒子的全能量、半能量、1/3能量和1/18能量4种成分分别占15%,42%,35%,8%。     

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对准光学谐振腔诊断等离子体的传统诊断方法进行了改进,提出一种可用于诊断瞬态等离子体的实时诊断方法。通过实验证明,矢量网络分析仪点频测试(CW Sweep)对信号相位变化的测量速度足够快,可以跟上等离子体鞘套和尾迹的变化速度,因此利用该方法诊断等离子体鞘套和尾迹是可行的。通过对诊断系统性能的评估,表明诊断装置具有较高的实时性,对等离子体电子浓度有较宽的测量范围,测量范围可达10-1~1015m-3。     

The investigation of neutralization process of gas-phase sewage sludge using thermal plasma method

The purpose of this research is to investigate the influence of plasma flow on the composition of gaseous phase organic waste. The experimental method and simulation program “Chemical Workbench” were used for this research. The gas phase waste was neutralized using air plasma in the temperature range of 1200–1700 K. The reactor simulation results showed that the amount of atomic oxygen and nitrogen decreases by 0.5%, meanwhile the amount of carbon monoxide increases by 0.5 percent, as the plasma forming gas is air. The investigation of percentage concentration results showed that as the temperature reaches 1700 K, the H₂ decreases by 4%, CO increases by 7%, CH₄ decreases by 0.4%, CO increases by 0.5%, N₂ decreases by 5%. The experimental measurement results of percentage concentration correlates sufficiently with simulation results for listed gas.     

类氢氖基态电离势随等离子体温度密度的变化

采用自洽场离子球模型,研究类氢氖基态1s的电离势随等离子体电子温度及电子密度的变化规律,计算得到基态电离势的百分偏移量随等离子体电子密度的变化关系,拟合结果表明两者的对数值满足很好的线性关系.该结果对计算等离子体电离态分布及光谱模拟具有一定意义.