Synthesis of 1,2,4-dichalcogenazoles by the reaction of 6H-1,3,5-oxachalcogenazines with elemental chalcogen

A series of 1,2,4-dichalcogenazoles were synthesized by the reaction of 6H-1,3,5-oxachalcogenazines with elemental chalcogen through the plausible pathway involving in situ generation of 1,3-chalcogenaza-1,3-butadienes and the subsequent reaction with chalcogen species. Synthetic utilities of 1,2,4-dichalcogenazoles were also explored.     

Novel annulation reactions of aryl methyl ketenes with zwitterions derived from dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate and N-alkylimidazoles

[reaction: see text] A novel three-component annulation reaction involving N-alkylimidazoles, dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, and in situ generated aryl methyl ketenes leading to the synthesis of 6-vinyl-1,3a-diazapentalene derivatives is reported.     

Investigations in the series of heterocycles. 55. Synthesis and some reactions of 2-aryl-4-halo-6-oxo-1,3-thiazines

The reaction of 2-aryl-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-1,3-thiazines with Vilsmeier's reagent results in the formation of a mixture of 2-aryl-6-oxo-4-chloro-1,3-thiazines and their 5-formyl analogs. Reactions involving the nucleophilic replacement of the halogen and nucleophilic addition to an aldehydic group have been studied. The intramolecular cyclization of the oxime and phenylhydrazone of 6-oxo-2-phenyl-5-formyl-4-chloro-1,3-thiazine gives new heteroaromatic systems, viz., isoxazolo-[4,5-d]-1,3-thiazine and pyrazolo]4,5-d]-1,3-thiazine, respectively.For report 54 see [1].Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1328–1334, October, 1984.     

Deep eutectic solvent-mediated expedient multicomponent synthesis of oxazine scaffolds

A simple, efficient, and eco-friendly protocol for the synthesis of 1,3-oxazine derivatives, viz. 7-aryl-7,8-dihydro-6H-[1,3]dioxolo[4′,5′:4,5]benzo[1,2-e][1,3]oxazines and 3-aryl-3,4-dihydro-2H- naphtho[2,3-e][1,3]oxazine-5,10-diones, involving one-pot multicomponent condensation reaction of various amines and formaldehyde with sesamol/2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, respectively, catalyzed by a choline chloride–oxalic acid deep eutectic solvent has been developed. The method offers several advantages, including mild reaction conditions, simple operating procedure, recyclable and biodegradable catalyst, short reaction times, and excellent yields of the target products.

     

Photochemical rearrangement of 8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-2-ones

Irradiation of 8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-2-ones results in a 1,3-acyl rearrangement. The initial photoproduct undergoes a subsequent reaction involving hydrogen transfer followed by intramolecular cycloaddition of a ketene intermediate.     

Formation of a Pentacoordinate 1,2-Oxastannetanide by Novel Base-Induced Rearrangement of a Bis(β-Hydroxyalkyl)Stannane

Treatment of a bis(β-hydroxyalkyl)diphenylstannane with potassium hydride in THF in the presence of 18-crown-6 gave the corresponding pentacoordinate t-alkoxy-l,2-oxastannetanide as stable crystals instead of a hexacoordinate stannate with two oxetane rings. This compound is considered to be formed by novel tin-1,3-migration reaction from carbon to oxygen reaction involving the formation of an oxetane ring and the subsequent tin-carbon bond cleavage.     

Non-stereospecific ring expansions of 5-membered heterocyclic sulfoxides

Non-stereospecific ring expansion reactions of 5-membered heterocyclic sulfoxides, 1,3-benzoxathiole sulfoxides, 1,3-benzodithiole sulfoxides, and 1,3-dithiolane sulfoxides having a heteroatom at β-position to the sulfinyl group with acetic anhydride or p-toluenesulfonic acid are described together with thier reaction mechanism involving a sulfonium ion intermediate.     

环已二烯与丙烯加成反应的正则速率常数

采用从头算ＵＨＦ方法在６－３１Ｇ基组上研究了１，３－环己二烯与丙烯的加成反应所有可能的反应通道，优化得到了反应途径的所有驻点的几何构型。该反应可按分步和协同过程进行，分步过程的通道是能量最为有利的反应途径。对于分步过程形成ｅｘｏｘ和ｅｎｄｏ产物各存在两类分步加成机理，即“由丙烯双键端位碳先进攻环己二烯”机理和“由丙烯中心碳原子先进攻环己二烯”机理，共四条反应通道，它们均为途径一双自由基中间体的分步     

Unprecedented Cu-catalyzed coupling of internal 1,3-diynes with azides: one-pot tandem cyclizations involving 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and carbocyclization furnishing naphthotriazoles

A one-pot protocol for the synthesis of triazole-annulated polyheterocycles via metal-catalyzed coupling of internal 1,4-disubstituted 1,3-diynes and organic azides has been described. The mechanistic rationale for the reaction suggests tandem cyclizations involving copper-catalyzed cycloaddition and 6-endo carbocyclization reactions. The cascade cyclization leads to an increase in molecular complexity to furnish naphtho[1,2-d]triazoles in satisfactory yields. The generality of the method has been demonstrated by using a series of aromatic/aliphatic azides and symmetrical internal 1,3-diynes.     

Ni(II)-catalyzed Conia-ene reaction of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with alkynes

[reaction: see text]. We have discovered a Ni(II)-catalyzed Conia-ene reaction of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with alkynes. In the presence of Ni(acac)2 and Yb(OTf)3, various acetylenic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds underwent Conia-ene reaction to give mono- and bicyclic olefinic cyclopentanes. A mechanism involving the enol-yne-Ni complex formation is proposed and supported by deuterium-labeling experiments.     

Cationic cyclization of 2-alkenyl-1,3-dithiolanes: diastereoselective synthesis of trans-decalins

An unprecedented and highly diastereoselective 6-endo-trig cyclization of 2-alkenyl-1,3-dithiolanes has been developed yielding trans-decalins, an important scaffold present in numerous di- and triterpenes. The novelty of this 6-endo-trig cyclization stands in the stepwise mechanism involving 2-alkenyl-1,3-dithiolane, acting as a novel latent initiator. It is suggested that the thioketal opens temporarily under the influence of TMSOTf, triggering the cationic 6-endo-trig cyclization, and closes after C-C bond formation and diastereoselective protonation to terminate the process. DFT calculations confirm this mechanistic proposal and provide a rationale for the observed diastereoselectivity. The reaction tolerates a wide range of functionalities and nucleophilic partners within the substrate. We have also shown that the one-pot 6-endo-trig cyclization followed by in situ 1,3-dithiolane deprotection afford directly the corresponding ketone. This improvement allowed the achievement of the shortest total synthesis of triptophenolide and the shortest formal synthesis of triptolide.     

PAH formation under single collision conditions: reaction of phenyl radical and 1,3-butadiene to form 1,4-dihydronaphthalene

The crossed beam reactions of the phenyl radical (C(6)H(5), X(2)A(1)) with 1,3-butadiene (C(4)H(6), X(1)A(g)) and D6-1,3-butadiene (C(4)D(6), X(1)A(g)) as well as of the D5-phenyl radical (C(6)D(5), X(2)A(1)) with 2,3-D2-1,3-butadiene and 1,1,4,4-D4-1,3-butadiene were carried out under single collision conditions at collision energies of about 55 kJ mol(-1). Experimentally, the bicyclic 1,4-dihydronaphthalene molecule was identified as a major product of this reaction (58 ± 15%) with the 1-phenyl-1,3-butadiene contributing 34 ± 10%. The reaction is initiated by a barrierless addition of the phenyl radical to the terminal carbon atom of the 1,3-butadiene (C1/C4) to form a bound intermediate; the latter underwent hydrogen elimination from the terminal CH(2) group of the 1,3-butadiene molecule leading to 1-phenyl-trans-1,3-butadiene through a submerged barrier. The dominant product, 1,4-dihydronaphthalene, is formed via an isomerization of the adduct by ring closure and emission of the hydrogen atom from the phenyl moiety at the bridging carbon atom through a tight exit transition state located about 31 kJ mol(-1) above the separated products. The hydrogen atom was found to leave the decomposing complex almost parallel to the total angular momentum vector and perpendicularly to the rotation plane of the decomposing intermediate. The defacto barrierless formation of the 1,4-dihydronaphthalene molecule involving a single collision between a phenyl radical and 1,3-butadiene represents an important step in the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their partially hydrogenated counterparts in combustion and interstellar chemistry.     

Conjugated schiff's bases—141: Cycloaddition of heterocumulenes to some 1-oxa-4-azabutadienes

1-Oxa-4-azabutadienes proved to be prone to react with some heterocumulenes after 1,3-cycloaddition patterns yielding various 5,5-disubstituted derivatives of 1,3-diaryl-hydanotoins as it was shown by the chemical and spectroscopic analysis. Relatively high yields, mild reaction conditions and a very weak effect of solvent polarity on the reaction rate suggested a synchroneous mechanism involving 1,2-migration of a substituent.     

1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of hydrazones with α-oxo-ketenes: a three-component stereoselective entry to pyrazolidinones and an original class of spirooxindoles

Stereodefined monocyclic, spirobicyclic, and bis-spirotricyclic pyrazolidin-3-ones can be prepared efficiently by a three-component reaction involving a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine imines obtained from hydrazones with α-oxo-ketene dipolarophiles generated in situ. The reaction allows the creation of four covalent bonds and two contiguous chiral quaternary centers with excellent diastereoselectivity in a single catalyst/additive-free, highly atom-economical transformation. From a fundamental point of view, the reaction introduces α-oxo-ketenes as effective dipolarophiles in 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions.     

Lewis acid mediated reactions of aldehydes with styrene derivatives: synthesis of 1,3-dihalo-1,3-diarylpropanes and 3-chloro-1,3-diarylpropanols

[reaction: see text] The reactions of aryl aldehydes with styrene derivatives, mediated by various boron Lewis acids, were investigated. 1,3-Dihalo-1,3-diarylpropanes were obtained in high yields with boron trihalides, while 3-chloro-1,3-diarylpropanols were obtained in good to excellent yields with phenylboron dichloride. Reactions involving nonenolizable aliphatic aldehydes, trans-cinnamaldehyde, and beta-substituted styrenes were also investigated for the first time.     

FeCl3 catalysed two consecutive aminomethylation at the α-position of the β-dicarbonyl compounds: an easy access to hexahydropyrimidines and its spiro analogues

Multicomponent synthesis of 1,3-diaryl-hexahydropyrimidines by a one-pot reaction of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, amines and formaldehyde catalysed by FeCl₃ in dichloromethane at room temperature (25-30 °C) has been reported. Double amino methylation occurs at the α-position of the 1,3-dicabonyl compounds/β-keto esters. The same methodology leads to spiro compounds with indane-1,3-dione. In this reaction, six molecules condense in one pot to form six new covalent bonds, thus, creating high atom economy. This is the first report of the synthesis of the substituted hexahydropyrimidines involving β-keto esters and its spiro analogues with indane-1,3-dione.     

Copper-catalyzed oxidative coupling of benzylic C-H bonds with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds

A copper-catalyzed oxidative coupling of benzylic C-H bonds with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds is described. The reaction utilizes an inexpensive copper catalyst-oxidant system that is suitable for the coupling of a range of benzylic C-H bonds with various 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. Kinetic isotope studies support a mechanism involving a benzylic hydrogen abstraction.     

Formation of dioxospiroindene[1,3]thiazine and thioxoindeno[2,1-<Emphasis Type="Italic">d</Emphasis>]imidazolone derivatives from alkenylidene-hydrazinecarbothioamides

The reaction of (substituted) alkenylidene-hydrazinecarbothioamides with 2-(1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylidene)propanedinitrile led to the formation of 1,3-dioxospiroindene[1,3]-thiazine and thioxoindeno[2,1-d]imidazolone derivatives in modest yields. In addition, 1,3-dihydroxyindan-2-ylidenepropanedinitrile was found. Explanations of these conversions involving nucleophilic reactions and condensations are presented.     

Stereoselective synthesis of novel annulated thiopyrano indole derivatives from simple oxindole via intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of nitrone and nitrile oxide

Synthesis of some novel isoxazolidine/dihydroisoxazole annulated thiopyrano[2,3-b]indole derivatives from simple oxindole via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction involving nitrone and nitrile oxide as 1,3-dipole is reported.     

Tandem one-pot synthesis of polysubstituted pyridines using the Blaise reaction intermediate and 1,3-enynes

A tandem one-pot method for the construction of a pyridine moiety with selective control of substitution patterns has been developed through the sequential reactions of nitrile with a Reformatsky reagent and 1,3-enyne involving regio- and chemoselective addition of the Blaise reaction intermediate to 1,3-enyne, followed by isomerization, cyclization, and an aromatization cascade.