共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Joshua A. Luthy 《Journal of solid state chemistry》2009,182(3):580-15261
Na2Mn2S3 was oxidatively deintercalated using iodine in acetonitrile to yield Na1.3Mn2S3, with lattice constants nearly identical to that of the reactant. Lithium was then reductively intercalated into the oxidized product to yield Li0.7Na1.3Mn2S3. When heated, this metastable compound decomposed to form a new crystalline compound, LiNaMnS2, along with MnS and residual Na2Mn2S3. Single crystal X-ray diffraction structural analysis of LiNaMnS2 revealed that this compound crystallizes in P-3m1 with cell parameters a=4.0479(6) Å, c=6.7759(14) Å, V=96.15(3) Å3 (Z=1, wR2=0.0367) in the NaLiCdS2 structure-type. 相似文献
2.
Single crystals of the title compounds were prepared by solid state reactions from barium carbonate and ruthenium metal using a BaBr2 flux and investigated by X-ray diffraction method using Mo(Kα) radiation and a Charge Coupled Device (CCD) detector. A structural model for the term n=2, Ba5Ru2Br2O9 (1) was established in the hexagonal symmetry, space group P63/mmc, a=5.8344(2) Å, c=25.637(2) Å, Z=2. Combined refinement and maximum-entropy method (MEM) unambiguously show the presence of CO32− ions in the three other compounds (2, 3, 4). Their crystal structures were solved and refined in the trigonal symmetry, space group , a=5.8381(1) Å, c=15.3083(6) Å for the term n=3, Ba6Ru3Br1.54(CO3)0.23O12 (2), and space group , a=5.7992(1) Å, c=52.866(2) Å and a=5.7900(1) Å, c=59.819(2) Å for the terms n=4, Ba7Ru4Br1.46(CO3)0.27O15 (3), and n=5, Ba8Ru5Br1.64(CO3)0.18O18 (4), respectively. The structures are formed by the periodic stacking along [0 0 1] of (n+1) hexagonal close-packed [BaO3] layers separated by a double layer of composition [Ba2Br2−2x(CO3)x]. The ruthenium atoms occupy the n octahedral interstices created in the hexagonal perovskite slabs and constitute isolated dimers Ru2O9 of face-shared octahedra (FSO) in 1 and isolated trimers Ru3O12 of FSO in 2. In 3 and 4, the Ru2O9 units are connected by corners either directly (3) or through a slab of isolated RuO6 octahedra (4) to form a bidimensional arrangement of RuO6 octahedra. These four oxybromocarbonates belong to the family of compounds formulated [Ba2Br2−2x(CO3)x][Ban+1RunO3n+3] where n represents the thickness of the octahedral string in hexagonal perovskite slabs. These compounds are compared to the oxychloride series. 相似文献
3.
S. Surblé S. Saad S. Yagoubi C. Dion F. Abraham 《Journal of solid state chemistry》2006,179(10):3238-3251
Attempts to prepare alkaline metal uranyl niobates of composition A1−xUNbO6−x/2 by high-temperature solid-state reactions of A2CO3, U3O8 and Nb2O5 led to pure compounds for x=0 and A=Li (1), Na (2), K (3), Cs (4) and for x=0.5 and A=Rb (5), Cs (6). Single crystals were grown for 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 and for the mixed Na0.92Cs0.08UNbO6 (7) compound. Crystallographic data: 1, monoclinic, P21/c, a=10.3091(11), b=6.4414(10), c=7.5602(5) Å, β=100.65(1), Z=4, R1=0.054 (wR2=0.107); 3, 5 and 7 orthorhombic, Pnma, Z=8, with a=10.307(2), 10.272(4) and 10.432(3) Å, b=7.588(1), 7.628(3) and 7.681(2) Å, c=13.403(2), 13.451(5) and 13.853(4) Å, R1=0.023, 0.046 and 0.036 (wR2=0.058, 0.0106 and 0.088) for 3, 5 and 7, respectively; 6, orthorhombic, Cmcm, Z=8, and a=13.952(3), b=10.607(2) Å, c=7.748(2) Å, R1=0.044 (wR2=0.117).The crystal structure of 1 is characterized by layers of uranophane sheet anion topology parallel to the (100) plane. These layers are formed by the association by edge-sharing of chains of edge-shared UO7 pentagonal bipyramids and chains of corner-shared NbO5 square pyramids alternating along the [010] direction. The Li+ ions are located between two consecutive layers and hold them together; the Li+ ions and two layers constitute a neutral “sandwich” {(UNbO6)−-(Li)22+-(UNbO6)−}. In this unusual structure, the neutral sandwiches are stacked one above another with no formal chemical bonds between the neutral sandwiches.The homeotypic compounds 3, 5, 6, 7 have open-framework structures built from the association by edge-sharing in two directions of parallel chains of edge-shared UO7 pentagonal bipyramids and ribbons of two edge-shared NbO6 octahedra further linked by corners. In 3, 5 and 7, the mono-dimensional large tunnels created in the [001] direction by this arrangement can be considered as the association by rectangular faces of two columns of triangular face-shared trigonal prisms of uranyl oxygens. In 3 and 7, all the trigonal prisms are occupied by the alkaline metal, in 5, they are half-occupied. In 6, the polyhedral arrangement is more symmetric and the tunnels created in the [010] direction are built of face-sharing cubes of uranyl oxygens totally occupied by the Cs atoms. This last compound well illustrates the structure-directing effect of the conterion. 相似文献
4.
We report the formation of a new n=3 Ruddlesden-Popper (R-P) layered perovskite oxide, Ca2La2CuTi2O10 (I), in the metathesis reaction between NaLaTiO4 and Ca2CuO2Cl2 (n=1 R-P phases) at 700°C in air. Rietveld refinement of powder XRD data shows that I is isostructural with Sr4Ti3O10 (space group I4/mmm; a=3.8837(5), c=27.727(6) Å), consisting of triple perovskite CuTi2O10 sheets wherein Cu and Ti are ordered at the central and terminal octahedral sites, respectively. Magnetization data provide support for the presence of strong antiferromagnetically coupled CuO2 sheets in the structure. I is metastable decomposing at higher temperatures (∼950°C) to a mixture of perovskite-like CaLa2CuTi2O9 and CaO. Interestingly, the reaction between NaLaTiO4 and Sr2CuO2Cl2 follows a different metathesis route, 2NaLaTiO4+Sr2CuO2Cl2→La2CuO4+2SrTiO3+2NaCl, revealing multiplicity of reaction pathways for solid-state metathesis reactions. 相似文献
5.
Sheena A. Hindocha 《Journal of solid state chemistry》2009,182(5):1070-6908
Layered lanthanide hydroxynitrate anion exchange host lattices have been prepared via a room temperature precipitation synthesis. These materials have the composition Ln2(OH)5NO3·H2O and are formed for Y and the lanthanides from Eu to Er and as such include the first Eu containing nitrate anion exchange host lattice. The interlayer separation of these materials, approximately 8.5 Å, is lower than in the related phases Ln2(OH)5NO3·1.5H2O which have a corresponding value of 9.1 Å and is consistent with the reduction in the co-intercalated water content of these materials. These new intercalation hosts have been shown to undergo facile anion exchange reactions with a wide range of organic carboxylate and sulfonate anions. These reactions produce phases with up to three times the interlayer separation of the host lattice demonstrating the flexibility of these materials. 相似文献
6.
Three new uni-dimensional alkali metal titanium fluoride materials, A2TiF5·nH2O (A=K, Rb, or Cs; n=0 or 1) have been synthesized by hydrothermal reactions. The structures of A2TiF5·nH2O have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The Ti4+ cations have been reduced to Ti3+ during the synthesis reactions. All three A2TiF5·nH2O materials contain novel 1-D chain structures that are composed of the slightly distorted Ti3+F6 corner-sharing octahedra attributable to the Jahn-Teller distortion. The coordination environment of the alkali metal cations plays an important role to determine the degree of turning in the chain structures. Complete structural analyses, Infrared and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra, and thermal analyses are presented, as are electronic structure calculations. 相似文献
7.
Yingxuan Li Hongjie Zhang Zhonghua Li Jingxue Sun 《Journal of solid state chemistry》2008,181(10):2653-2659
A new series of layered perovskite photocatalysts, ABi2Ta2O9 (A=Ca, Sr, Ba), were synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction method and the crystal structures were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the structure of ABi2Ta2O9 (A=Ca, Sr) is orthorhombic, while that of BaBi2Ta2O9 is tetragonal. First-principles calculations of the electronic band structures and density of states (DOS) revealed that the conduction bands of these photocatalysts are mainly attributable to the Ta 5d+Bi 6p+O 2p orbitals, while their valence bands are composed of hybridization with O 2p+Ta 5d+Bi 6s orbitals. Photocatalytic activities for water splitting were investigated under UV light irradiation and indicated that these photocatalysts are highly active even without co-catalysts. The formation rate of H2 evolution from an aqueous methanol solution is about 2.26 mmol h-1 for the photocatalyst SrBi2Ta2O9, which is much higher than that of CaBi2Ta2O9 and BaBi2Ta2O9. The photocatalytic properties are discussed in close connection with the crystal structure and the electronic structure in details. 相似文献
8.
The main factor governing the oxygen ionic conductivity in apatite-type La10−xSi6−yAlyO27−3x/2−y/2 (x=0-0.33; y=0.5-1.5) is the concentration of mobile interstitials determined by the total oxygen content. The ion transference numbers, measured by modified faradaic efficiency technique, vary in the range 0.9949-0.9997 in air and increase on reducing oxygen partial pressure due to decreasing p-type electronic conduction. The activation energies for ionic and hole transport are (56-67)±3 kJ/mol and (57-100)±8 kJ/mol, respectively. Increasing oxygen content leads to higher hole conduction in oxidizing atmospheres and promotes minor oxygen losses from the lattice when the oxygen pressure decreases, although the overall level of ionic conductivity is almost constant in the p(O2) range from 50 kPa down to 10−16 Pa. Under reducing conditions at temperatures above 1100 K, silicon oxide volatilization from the surface layers of apatite ceramics results in a moderate decrease of the conductivity with time. This suggests that the operation of electrochemical cells with silicate-based solid electrolytes should be limited to the intermediate-temperature range, such as 800-1000 K, where the ionic transport in most-conductive apatite phases containing 26.50-26.75 oxygen atoms per unit formula is higher than that in stabilized zirconia. The average thermal expansion coefficients of apatite ceramics, calculated from dilatometric data in air, are (8.7-10.8)×10−6 K−1 at 300-1300 K. 相似文献
9.
A structural, magnetic and electronic study of the cobaltocuprate CoSr2Y2−xCexCu2O9±δ (x=0.5-0.8) has been performed. All materials crystallise in the orthorhombic Cmcm symmetry space group in which chains of corner linked CoO4 tetrahedra run parallel to the 1 1 0 direction. An antiferromagnetic transition is observed for x=0.5-0.8; TM increases with x. A change in the dimensionality of the magnetic order occurs at x=0.8 as the interchain distance increases to a critical value. There is charge transfer between the cuprate planes and cobaltate layer as Ce doping increases, so that Co3+ is partially oxidised to Co4+ with a concomitant reduction in the valence of Cu. Superconductivity is not observed in any of the samples and a crossover from Mott to Efros and Shklovskii variable range hopping behaviour is evidenced as x increases from 0.5 to 0.8. 相似文献
10.
The preparation of silicated hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6−x(SiO4)x(OH)2−x (SiHA) with 0?x?2 was investigated using a wet precipitation method followed by a heat treatment. X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement, Fourier transformed IR (FTIR) spectroscopy, elemental analyses, transmission electron microscopy and thermal analyses were used to characterize the samples. The raw materials were composed of a partially silicated and carbonated apatite and a secondary minor phase containing the excess silicon. Single phase silicated hydroxyapatites, with 0?x?1, could be synthesized after a thermal treatment of the raw powders above 700 °C. The presence of carbonate groups in the raw apatite played an important role in the incorporation of silicates during heating. From the different results, the mechanisms of formation of SiHA are discussed. 相似文献
11.
Zhi-En Lin 《Journal of solid state chemistry》2006,179(3):723-728
A new layered cobalt-zinc phosphite, Co(H2O)4Zn4(HPO3)6·C2N2H10 has been synthesized in the presence of ethylenediamine as the structure-directing agent. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group Cc (No. 9), a=18.2090(8), b=9.9264(7), c=15.4080(7) Å, β=114.098(4)°, V=2542.3(2) Å3, Z=4, R=0.0323, wR=0.0846. The structure consists of ZnO4 tetrahedra, CoO6 octahedra and HPO3 pseudopyramids through their vertices forming bimetallic phosphite layers parallel to the ab plane. Organic cations, which reside between the inorganic layers, are mobile and can be exchanged by NH4+ cations without the collapse of the framework. 相似文献
12.
I.A. Leonidov J.A. Bahteeva D.S. Filimonov V.L. Kozhevnikov 《Journal of solid state chemistry》2006,179(10):3045-3051
High-temperature electrical conductivity measurements, structural data from powder X-ray diffraction and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy were combined to study the interrelationship of oxygen ion transport and p- and n-type transport in Sr2(Fe1−xGax)2O5, where x=0, 0.1 and 0.2. Although gallium substitution generally decreases the total ion-electron transport, the transition of the orthorhombic brownmillerite structure to a cubic phase on heating results in the recurrence of the conductivity to the same high level as in the parent ferrite (x=0). The changes of the partial contributions to the total conductivity as a function of x are shown to reflect a complicated interplay of the disordering processes that develop in the oxygen sublattice on heating in response to replacement of iron with gallium. 相似文献
13.
The aqueous synthesis and electrochemical properties of nanocrystalline MxV2O5Ay·nH2O are described. It is easily and quickly prepared by precipitation from acidified vanadate solutions. MxV2O5Ay·nH2O has been characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, electron microscopy, TGA, chemical analyses, and electrochemical studies. The atomic structure is related to that of xerogel-derived V2O5·nH2O. In MxV2O5Ay·nH2O, M is a cation from the starting vanadate salt and A is an anion from the mineral acid. This material exhibits high, reversible Li capacity and may be considered for use in a cathode in primary and secondary batteries. The lithium capacity of an electrode composed of MxV2O5Ay·nH2O/EPDM/carbon (88/4/8) is ∼380(mA h)/g (C/80 rate) and the energy density is ∼1000(W h)/kg (120-μm-thick cathode, 4-1.5 V, versus Li metal anode). Critical parameters identified in the synthesis of MxV2O5Ay·nH2O, with respect to achieving high Li-ion insertion capacity, are acid/vanadium ratio, starting vanadate salt, and temperature. Inclusion of carbon black in the synthesis yields a composite that maintains the high Li capacity, lowers the electrochemical-cell polarization, and preserves the lithium capacity at higher discharge rates. Li-ion coin cells, using pre-lithiated graphite anodes, exhibit electrochemical performance comparable to that of Li-metal coin cells. 相似文献
14.
Jonathan D. Woodward 《Journal of solid state chemistry》2004,177(11):3971-3976
The reactions of UO3 and TeO3 with KCl, RbCl, or CsCl at 800 °C for 5 d yield single crystals of A2[(UO2)3(TeO3)2O2] (A=K (1), Rb (2), and Cs (3)). These compounds are isostructural with one another, and their structures consist of two-dimensional sheets arranged in a stair-like topology separated by alkali metal cations. These sheets are comprised of zigzagging uranium(VI) oxide chains bridged by corner-sharing trigonal pyramidal TeO32− anions. The chains are composed of dimeric, edge-sharing, pentagonal bipyramidal UO7 moieties joined by edge-sharing tetragonal bipyramidal UO6 units. The lone-pair of electrons from the TeO3 groups are oriented in opposite directions with respect to one another on each side of the sheets rendering each individual sheet non-polar. The alkali metal cations form contacts with nearby tellurite oxygen atoms as well as with oxygen atoms from the uranyl moieties. Crystallographic data (193 K, MoKα, ): 1, triclinic, space group , , , , α=101.852(1)°, β=102.974(1)°, γ=100.081(1)°, , Z=2, R(F)=2.70% for 98 parameters and 1697 reflections with I>2σ(I); 2, triclinic, space group , , , , α=105.590(2)°, β=101.760(2)°, γ=99.456(2)°, , Z=2, R(F)=2.36% for 98 parameters and 1817 reflections with I>2σ(I); 3, triclinic, space group , , , , α=109.301(1)°, β=100.573(1)°, γ=99.504(1)°, , Z=2, R(F)=2.61% for 98 parameters and 1965 reflections with I>2σ(I). 相似文献
15.
The influence of Zn-doping on the crystal structure and magnetic properties of the spin ladder compounds La2Cu2O5 (4-leg) and La8Cu7O19 (5-leg) have been investigated. The La2(Cu1−xZnx)2O5 and La8(Cu1−xZnx)7O19 solid solutions were obtained as single phases with x=0-0.1 via the solid-state reaction method in the temperature range between 1005-1010 °C and 1015-1030 °C in oxygen and air atmospheres, respectively. The lattice parameters a and c of the monoclinic crystal structures as well as the unit cell volume V increase with increasing x, while b and β decrease for both series. The magnetic susceptibilities χ of both series show a very similar behavior on temperature as well as on Zn-doping, which is supposed to be due to the similar Cu-O coordination in both La2Cu2O5 and La8Cu7O19. For low Zn-doping (x?0.04), a spin-chain like behavior is found. This quasi-one-dimensional behavior is strongly suppressed in both series for x?0.04. Here, the maximum (characteristic for spin chains) in χ(T) disappears and χ(T) decreases monotonically with increasing temperature. 相似文献
16.
B. Chapelet-Arab G. Nowogrocki S. Grandjean 《Journal of solid state chemistry》2004,177(11):4269-4281
Three new alkaline earth-zirconium oxalates M2Zr(C2O4)4·nH2O have been synthesized by precipitation methods for M=Ba, Sr, Ca. For each compound the crystal structure was determined from single crystals obtained by controlled diffusion of M2+ and Zr4+ ions through silica gel containing oxalic acid. Ba2Zr(C2O4)4·7H2O, monoclinic, space group C2/c, a=9.830(2), b=29.019(6), , , , Z=4, R=0.0427; Sr2Zr(C2O4)4·11H2O, tetragonal, space group I41/acd, a=16.139(4), , ,Z=8, R=0.0403; Ca2Zr(C2O4)4·5H2O, orthorhombic, space group Pna21, a=8.4181(5), b=15.8885(8), , , Z=4, R=0.0622. The structures of the three compounds consist of chains of edge-shared MO6(H2O)x (x=2 or 3) polyhedra connected to ZrO8 polyhedra through oxalate groups. Depending on the arrangement of chains, the ZrO8 polyhedron geometry (dodecahedron or square antiprism) and the connectivity, two types of three-dimensional frameworks are obtained. For the smallest M2+ cations (Sr2+, Ca2+), large tunnels are obtained, running down the c direction of the unit cell, which can accommodate zeolitic water molecules. For the largest Ba2+ cation, the second framework is formed and is closely related to that of Pb2Zr(C2O4)4·nH2O. The decomposition at 800°C into strontium carbonate, barium carbonate or calcium oxide and MZrO3 (M=Sr, Ba, Ca) perovskite is reported from thermal analyses studies and high temperature X-ray powder diffraction. 相似文献
17.
Neeraj Sharma Grant E. Wrighter Brendan J. Kennedy 《Journal of solid state chemistry》2007,180(1):370-376
We report the synthesis of Aurivillius-type phases incorporating magnetic M4+ cations (M=Mn, Ru, Ir), based on the substitution of M4+ for Ti4+ in Bi2Sr2(Nb,Ta)2TiO12. The key to incorporating these magnetic transition metal cations appears to be the partial substitution of Sr2+ for Bi3+ in the α-PbO-type layer of the Aurivillius phase, leading to a concomitant decrease in the M4+ content; i.e., the composition of the prepared compounds was Bi2−xSr2+x(Nb,Ta)2+xM1−xO12, x≈0.5. These compounds only exist over a narrow range of x, between an apparent minimum (x≈0.4) Sr2+ content in the α-PbO-type [Bi2O2] layer required for Aurivillius phases to form with magnetic M4+ cations, and an apparent maximum (x≈0.6) Sr2+ substitution in this [Bi2O2] layer. Rietveld-refinement of synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data making use of anomalous dispersion at the Nb and Ru K edges show that the overwhelming majority of the incorporated M cations occupy the central of the three MO6 octahedral layers in the perovskite-type block. Magnetic susceptibility measurements are presented and discussed in the context of the potential for multiferroic (magnetoelectric) properties in these materials. 相似文献
18.
S.Ya. Istomin S.V. Chernov Yu.A. Dobrovolsky 《Journal of solid state chemistry》2007,180(6):1882-1888
Novel complex oxides Ca14Zn6Ga10O35 and Ca14Zn5.5Ga10.5O35.25 were prepared in air at 1200 °C, 72 h. Refinements of their crystal structures using X-ray powder diffraction data showed that Ca14Zn6Ga10O35 is ordered (S.G. F23, =0.0458, Rp=0.0485, Rwp=0.0659, χ2=1.88) and Ca14Zn5.5Ga10.5O35.25 disordered (S.G. F432, =0.0346, Rp=0.0601, Rwp=0.0794, χ2=2.82) variants of the crystal structure of Ca14Zn6Al10O35. In the crystal structure of Ca14Zn6Ga10O35, there are large empty voids, which could be partially occupied by additional oxygen atoms upon substitution of Zn2+ by Ga3+ as in Ca14Zn5.5Ga10.5O35.25. These oxygen atoms are introduced into the crystal structure of Ca14Zn5.5Ga10.5O35.25 only as a part of four tetrahedra (Zn, Ga)O4 groups sharing common vertex. This creates a situation where even a minor change in the chemical composition leads to considerable anion and cation disordering resulting in a change of space group from F23 (no. 196) to F432 (no. 209). 相似文献
19.
O.A. Smirnova V.B. Nalbandyan L.I. Medvedeva V.V. Kharton 《Journal of solid state chemistry》2005,178(1):172-179
Novel mixed potassium antimonates K0.59Mg0.53Sb0.47O2, K0.5Ni0.5Sb0.5O2, K0.5Co0.5Sb0.5O2 (rhombohedral P3-type structure), K0.56Ni0.52Sb0.48O2 and K0.86Co0.62Sb0.38O2 (hexagonal P2 type) have layered structures based on brucite-like (L,Sb)O6/3 sheets of edge-shared octahedra and interlayer K+ cations in trigonal prismatic coordination. The preference to form P2 and P3 structures rather than closely related O3 type is dictated by the large radius of K+ and the value of unit cell parameter a, restricted by average size of the cations randomly distributed in the octahedral sites within (L,Sb)O6/3 layer. The new phases reversibly absorb atmospheric moisture leading to the formation of hydrates with ca. 11% larger interlayer distances. The impedance spectroscopy of P2-type K0.56Ni0.52Sb0.48O2 and P3-type K0.59Mg0.53Sb0.47O2 ceramics shows relatively high ionic conductivity, presumably due to potassium cationic transport, with activation energies of 35±2 and 33±1 kJ/mol, respectively. At 573 K, the conductivity values are 0.016 S/cm for K0.56Ni0.52Sb0.48O2 and 0.021 S/cm for K0.59Mg0.53Sb0.47O2. Interaction with water vapor leads to increasing total conductivity. 相似文献
20.
C. Tenailleau A. Pring Y. Liu S. Tarantino M.A. Carpenter 《Journal of solid state chemistry》2005,178(3):882-891
Composition-induced structural phase changes across the high temperature, fast oxide ion conducting (Ba1−xLax)2In2O5+x, 0?x?0.6, system have been carefully analysed using hard mode infrared (IR) powder absorption spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and electron diffraction. An orthorhombic brownmillerite to three-dimensionally disordered cubic perovskite phase transition in this system is signalled by a drastic change in slope of both wavenumber and average line widths of IR spectra as a function of composition. Some evidence is found for the existence of an intermediate tetragonal phase (previously reported to exist from electron diffraction data) around x∼0.2. The new spectroscopic data have been used to compare microscopic and macroscopic strain parameters arising from variation in composition. The strain and spectroscopic data are consistent with first-order character for the tetragonal→orthorhombic transition, while the cubic→tetragonal transition could be continuous. Differences between the variation with composition of spectral parameters and of macroscopic strain parameters are consistent with a substantial order/disorder component for the transitions. There is also evidence for precursor effects within the cubic structure before symmetry is broken. 相似文献