Group gradings on the superalgebras M(m,n), A(m,n) and P(n)

We classify gradings by arbitrary abelian groups on the classical simple Lie superalgebras $P(n)$, $n\ge 2$, and on the simple associative superalgebras $M(m,n)$, $m,n\ge 1$, over an algebraically closed field: fine gradings up to equivalence and G-gradings, for a fixed group G, up to isomorphism. As a corollary, we also classify up to isomorphism the G-gradings on the classical Lie superalgebra $A(m,n)$ that are induced from G-gradings on $M(m+1,n+1)$. In the case of Lie superalgebras, the characteristic is assumed to be 0.     

Regularity results of the thin obstacle problem for the p(x)-Laplacian

We study thin obstacle problems involving the energy functional with $p(x)$-growth. We prove higher integrability and Hölder regularity for the gradient of minimizers of the thin obstacle problems under the assumption that the variable exponent $p(x)$ is Hölder continuous.     

Complex ball quotients from manifolds of K3[n]-type

We describe periods of irreducible holomorphic symplectic manifolds of $K{3}^{[n]}$-type with a non-symplectic automorphism of prime order $p\ge 3$. These turn out to lie on complex ball quotients and we are able to give a precise characterization of when the period map is bijective by introducing the notion of $K(T)$-generality.     

The Whitehead group of (almost) extra-special p-groups with p odd

Let p be an odd prime number. We describe the Whitehead group of all extra-special and almost extra-special p-groups. For this we compute, for any finite p-group P, the subgroup $C{l}_1(\mathbb{Z}P)$ of $S{K}_1(\mathbb{Z}P)$, in terms of a genetic basis of P. We also introduce a deflation map $C{l}_1(\mathbb{Z}P)\to C{l}_1(\mathbb{Z}(P/N))$, for a normal subgroup N of P, and show that it is always surjective. Along the way, we give a new proof of the result describing the structure of $S{K}_1(\mathbb{Z}P)$, when P is an elementary abelian p-group.     

Annihilator condition does not pass to polynomials and power series

In this paper we construct a ring A which has annihilator condition (a.c.) and we show that neither $A[x]$ nor $A[[x]]$ has this property. This answers in negative a question asked by Hong, Kim, Lee and Nielsen. We also show that there is an algebra A which does not have annihilator condition while both $A[x]$ and $A[[x]]$ have this property.     

Mixed quantum skew Howe duality and link invariants of type A

We define a ribbon category $\mathsf{Sp}(\beta )$, depending on a parameter β, which encompasses Cautis, Kamnitzer and Morrison's spider category, and describes for $\beta =m?n$ the monoidal category of representations of $U_q({\mathfrak{gl}}_{m|n})$ generated by exterior powers of the vector representation and their duals. We identify this category $\mathsf{Sp}(\beta )$ with a direct limit of quotients of a dual idempotented quantum group ${\dot{\mathbf{U}}}_q({\mathfrak{gl}}_{r+s})$, proving a mixed version of skew Howe duality in which exterior powers and their duals appear at the same time. We show that the category $\mathsf{Sp}(\beta )$ gives a unified natural setting for defining the colored ${\mathfrak{gl}}_{m|n}$ link invariant (for $\beta =m?n$) and the colored HOMFLY-PT polynomial (for β generic).     

Spanning trees and spanning closed walks with small degrees

Let G be a graph and let f be a positive integer-valued function on $V(G)$. In this paper, we show that if for all $S?V(G)$, $\omega (G?S)<{\sum }_{v\in S}(f(v)?2)+2+\omega (G[S])$, then G has a spanning tree T containing an arbitrary given matching such that for each vertex v, $d_T(v)\le f(v)$, where $\omega (G?S)$ denotes the number of components of $G?S$ and $\omega (G[S])$ denotes the number of components of the induced subgraph $G[S]$ with the vertex set S. This is an improvement of several results. Next, we prove that if for all $S?V(G)$, $\omega (G?S)\le {\sum }_{v\in S}(f(v)?1)+1$, then G admits a spanning closed walk passing through the edges of an arbitrary given matching meeting each vertex v at most $f(v)$ times. This result solves a long-standing conjecture due to Jackson and Wormald (1990).     

The structure of the minimal free resolution of semigroup rings obtained by gluing

We construct a minimal free resolution of the semigroup ring $k[C]$ in terms of minimal resolutions of $k[A]$ and $k[B]$ when $〈C〉$ is a numerical semigroup obtained by gluing two numerical semigroups $〈A〉$ and $〈B〉$. Using our explicit construction, we compute the Betti numbers, graded Betti numbers, regularity and Hilbert series of $k[C]$, and prove that the minimal free resolution of $k[C]$ has a differential graded algebra structure provided the resolutions of $k[A]$ and $k[B]$ possess them. We discuss the consequences of our results in small embedding dimensions. Finally, we give an extension of our main result to semigroups in ${\mathbb{N}}^n$.     

Gradient estimates for Stokes systems with Dini mean oscillation coefficients

We study the stationary Stokes system in divergence form. The coefficients are assumed to be merely measurable in one direction and have Dini mean oscillations in the other directions. We prove that if $(u,p)$ is a weak solution of the system, then $(Du,p)$ is bounded and its certain linear combinations are continuous. We also prove a weak type-$(1,1)$ estimate for $(Du,p)$ under a stronger assumption on the $L^1$-mean oscillation of the coefficients. The corresponding results up to the boundary on a half ball are also established. These results are new even for elliptic equations and systems.     

Long-time solutions of scalar nonlinear hyperbolic reaction equations incorporating relaxation I. The reaction function is a bistable cubic polynomial

We consider an initial-value problem based on a class of scalar nonlinear hyperbolic reaction–diffusion equations of the general form

$u_{\tau \tau }+u_{\tau }=u_{xx}+\epsilon (F(u)+F{(u)}_{\tau }),$

in which x and τ represent dimensionless distance and time respectively and $\epsilon >0$ is a parameter related to the relaxation time. Furthermore the reaction function, $F(u)$, is given by the bistable cubic polynomial,

$F(u)=u(1?u)(u?\mu ),$

in which $0<\mu <1/2$ is a parameter. The initial data is given by a simple step function with $u(x,0)=1$ for $x\le 0$ and $u(x,0)=0$ for $x>0$. It is established, via the method of matched asymptotic expansions, that the large-time structure of the solution to the initial-value problem involves the evolution of a propagating wave front which is either of reaction–diffusion or of reaction–relaxation type. The one exception to this occurs when $\mu =\frac{1}{2}$ in which case the large time attractor for the solution of the initial-value problem is a stationary state solution of kink type centred at the origin.     

Maximal nonassociativity via nearfields

We say that $(x,y,z)\in Q^3$ is an associative triple in a quasigroup $Q(⁎)$ if $(x⁎y)⁎z=x⁎(y⁎z)$. It is easy to show that the number of associative triples in Q is at least $|Q|$, and it was conjectured that quasigroups with exactly $|Q|$ associative triples do not exist when $|Q|>1$. We refute this conjecture by proving the existence of quasigroups with exactly $|Q|$ associative triples for a wide range of values $|Q|$. Our main tools are quadratic Dickson nearfields and the Weil bound on quadratic character sums.     

Multiplicity results for the Yamabe equation by Lusternik–Schnirelmann theory

Let $(M,g)$ be any closed Riemannianan manifold and $(N,h)$ be a Riemannian manifold of constant positive scalar curvature. We prove that the Yamabe equation on the Riemannian product $(M\times N,g+\delta h)$ has at least $\mathit{Cat}(M)+1$ solutions for δ small enough, where $\mathit{Cat}(M)$ denotes the Lusternik–Schnirelmann-category of M. The solutions obtained are functions of M and $Cat(M)$ of them have energy arbitrarily close to the minimum.