螺吡喃衍生物在固相基质中的应用--锌离子PVC膜荧光传感器

合成了一种新的螺吡喃衍生物,将其应用到PVC膜固相基质中,用于Zn2+的荧光检测.优化条件下,该敏感膜对Zn2+的响应范围为4.94(10-7～4.15(10-4mol·L-1,检测限为1.51(10-7mol·L-1.实验发现,该敏感膜具有很好的光学稳定性、重现性和可逆性,而且与其他过渡金属离子如Hg2+,Cd2+,Pb2+,Cu2+,Fe3+或碱金属和碱土金属离子相比,该敏感膜对Zn2+的荧光增强具有高选择性.     

2'-硼酸基苯甲醛-7-(8-羟基-5-磺酸基)喹啉腙衍生物的合成及对Pb2+的识别

合成了2', 3'和4'-硼酸基苯甲醛-7-(8-羟基-5-磺酸基)喹啉腙衍生物(化合物1~3), 研究了硼酸基团取代位置对主体分子识别金属离子客体性能的影响, 比较了不同主体分子与Pb2+结合能力的差异. 研究结果表明, 在pH=7.0的KH2PO4-NaOH缓冲溶液中, 3种腙衍生物对Pb2+均具有选择性识别作用, 主客体分子间形成1∶1型的发光配合物. 其中邻位取代的化合物1与Pb2+的结合能力比化合物2和3强, 配合物1-Pb2+的最大发射波长为477 nm, 稳定常数为1.1×103 L/mol. 其它金属离子如Cu2+, Mn2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Ca2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Hg2+, Cd2+和Ag+ 等对主体分子荧光光谱的影响较小. 同时, 荧光强度的变化值与Pb2+浓度在0.36~10 μmol/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系, 相关系数R=0.9976(n=16), 检出限为0.23 μmol/L. 将此方法用于环境水样中Pb2+的测定, 回收率为92%~108%.     

对甲基苯磺酰化蛋氨酸镧配合物的合成

合成了一种新型对甲基苯磺酰化蛋氨酸镧配合物, 并利用红外光谱、 紫外光谱及热重分析对配合物及配体的结构进行了表征和确认. 以对甲基苯磺酰化蛋氨酸镧配合物作为修饰剂, 研制了修饰碳糊电极, 该电极对镧离子具有能斯特响应, 为此建立了溶液中镧离子的直接电位分析法. 修饰电极对镧离子的能斯特响应工作曲线方程为E(mV)=-19.50pCLa(III)-363.50, 相关系数R=0.9996,线性范围为4.0×10-2～4.0×10- 6 mol · L-1, 检测下线为1.6 ×10- 6 mol · L-1, pH响应范围是3.2～6.0. 试验了14种外加离子对测定的影响, 结果表明Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Ba2+, Cu2+, Co2+等金属离子对测定有微弱干扰. 利用该修饰电极对人工合成样品中镧离子含量进行测定.     

SrMoO_4∶Sm~(3+),Na~+红色荧光粉的形貌调控和发光性能

以Sm~(3+)为激活剂,Na~+为电荷补偿剂,柠檬酸为配位剂,乙二醇作为辅助配位剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成前驱体,然后在800℃下焙烧,成功制备了一系列SrMoO_4∶Sm~(3+),Na~+红色荧光粉。用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、荧光光谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱等手段对样品的物相、形貌、组成、发光性能和量子效率等进行测试和表征。分析结果表明:制备的SrMoO_4∶Sm~(3+),Na~+荧光粉均为四方晶系结构,掺杂离子的加入对基质晶体结构影响不大。在403 nm近紫外光激发下,产物有4个发射峰,分别位于563、600、647和707 nm处,归属于~5G_(5/2)→~6HJ(J=5/2,7/2,9/2,11/2)的电子跃迁,其中位于647 nm处的主发射峰的相对发光强度最大。当Sm~(3+)的掺杂物质的量分数为1%~3%时,发光强度最好,当浓度超过1%~3%时,会发生荧光猝灭。对实验数据进行分析,确定荧光猝灭机理是由于钐离子间交换作用引起的,并计算了能量传递的临界距离为1.77~2.56 nm。此外,还详细研究了乙二醇对SrMoO_4∶Sm~(3+),Na~+荧光粉形貌的影响,研究结果表明:乙二醇加入量为5 m L时,产物形貌均匀,呈球形或椭球形;且分散性较好;荧光强度最大。     

蓝色长余辉材料CaAl2O4:Eu2+,Nd3+的合成及其发光性能

采用高温固相法合成了系列单相Ca(1-x-y)Al2O4:Eu2+x,Nd3+y(0≤x≤0.045,0≤y≤0.0037)粉末样品,并表征了其发光特性.研究结果表明,样品的发射光谱为最大发射峰位于440nm的宽带谱,属于Eu2+的4f65d→4f7跃迁.通过对Eu2+,Nd3+掺杂量与样品发光性能之间关系的研究发现,Eu2+和Nd3+最佳掺杂量分别为x=0.00125和y=0.0025,并且Nd3+对改善蓝色长余辉材料CaAl4:Eu2+的余辉性能具有重要的作用.在最佳掺杂条件下,样品的余辉时间可达1000min,初始亮度大于1200mcd/m2,60min后发光粉的亮度仍然在10mcd/m2以上.利用正电子湮灭技术和热释光技术,研究了Eu2+和Nd3+对CaAl2O4:Eu2+,Nd3+材料的发光性能的影响.     

对叔丁基杯[6]芳烃稀土配合物的合成及荧光性能研究

合成了以对叔丁基[6]芳烃(H6L)及DMF为配体,单一稀土RE3+(sm3+,Dy3+,Tb3+)及混合稀土Tb3+:(Ln3+(Ln3+=Gd3+,Y3+)为中心的5种稀土配合物.对其进行了元素分析、摩尔电导、红外光谱、差热分析、紫外光谱、核磁共振氢谱及荧光性能研究.荧光光谱的测试表明:Tb3+及其掺杂配合物具有较强的特征荧光,荧光惰性离子(Gd3+,Y3+)对Tb3+的荧光有增强作用,其中Y3+的敏化效果明显.     

掺杂和取代对红色荧光材料SrAl12O19:Mn4+发光性能的影响

SrAl₁₂O₁₉:Mn⁴⁺是一种用于高显色性白光发光二极管的候选红色荧光材料。本论文研究了Mg²⁺、Zn²⁺和Ge⁴⁺离子的掺杂效应以及Ge³⁺、Ca²⁺和Ba²⁺离子的取代效应SrAl₁₂O₁₉:Mn⁴⁺荧光材料性能的影响。样品通过高温固相反应制备,焙烧温度在1 250~ 1 500℃之间。利用X射线衍射技术表征了材料的相纯度,用荧光激发光谱和发射光谱表征了材料的荧光性能。研究结果指出,与未进行Mg²⁺或Zn²⁺掺杂的样品相比,Mg²⁺或Zn²⁺离子对Al³⁺格位的掺杂可以使材料的发光强度提高~60%,其原因被认为是掺杂促进了激活剂Mn⁴⁺离子进入晶格,其过程可以表示为:MO+MnO₂=M_Al''+Mn_Al^·+3O_O^×(M=Mg,Zn),电子顺磁共振谱支持这一结果。Ge⁴⁺离子的掺杂使材料的发光性能明显下降。Ge³⁺离子可以取代Al³⁺离子形成全范围的固溶体,其中少量Ge³⁺离子的掺杂可以使材料的荧光发射强度提高~13%,而掺杂量进一步提高使材料的荧光性能下降。Ca²⁺和Ba²⁺对Sr²⁺的取代仅形成有限范围的固溶体。Ca²⁺的取代使材料的发光性能提高;而 Ba²⁺的取代使材料的发光强度下降。     

含萘并呋喃基团冠醚的合成及离子选择性研究

以2-羟基-1-萘甲醛和2-羟甲基冠醚为原料,合成3种新的含萘并呋喃基团冠醚(3a-3c),并经1 H NMR,13C NMR,MS及元素分析确证.碱金属和碱土金属离子的加入对体系的最大吸收波长影响不大.Li+使3b摩尔吸光度变大,Ca2+和Ba2+引起3a-3c最大发射波长λem发生相对较大红移,同时使其荧光强度降低.     

阳离子交换色谱中色谱柱温度对碱金属与碱土金属离子保留的影响

研究了非抑制型阳离子交换色谱中色谱柱温度(25~50℃)对碱金属离子(Li+、Na+、K+、Rb+)和碱土金属离子(Mg2+、Ca2+、Sr2+)以及NH4+保留的影响。在Shim-pack IC-C1磺酸型阳离子交换柱上,以硝酸为流动相分离碱金属离子,以乙二胺或乙二胺-草酸(柠檬酸)为流动相分离碱土金属离子,随着色谱柱温度的升高,碱金属和碱土金属离子的保留时间均增长,其范特霍夫曲线具有良好的线性关系,斜率为负值,表明在此条件下碱金属和碱土金属离子的保留为吸热过程。在Shim-pack IC-SC1羧酸型阳离子交换柱上,以硫酸为流动相同时分离碱金属和碱土金属离子,随着色谱柱温度的升高,Mg2+、Ca2+的保留时间增长,而K+、Rb+的保留时间缩短,Li+、Na+、NH4+的保留时间基本不变。在此条件下,Mg2+、Ca2+、K+和Rb+的范特霍夫曲线具有良好的线性关系,其中Mg2+和Ca2+的曲线斜率为负值,K+和Rb+的曲线斜率为正值,表明Mg2+和Ca2+的保留表现为吸热过程,K+和Rb+的保留表现为放热过程。研究表明在不同固定相和流动相条件下,色谱柱温度对碱金属和碱土金属离子保留行为的影响不同。     

基于柠檬酸盐修饰CdS量子点的高灵敏Ag~+传感器

以柠檬酸三钠作为表面修饰剂,利用简单的方法合成了水溶性柠檬酸三钠修饰的CdS量子点(Cit-CdS)。研究了反应前驱体中nCd/nS比、反应溶液pH值、反应温度等条件对产物的荧光性质的影响。在巯基乙酸存在下,Ag+能大大增强量子点的荧光。基于此,构建了基于Cit-CdS的高灵敏Ag+传感器。传感器在Ag+浓度为5.0×10-9~2.0×10-6mol·L-1内对银离子线性响应良好,检测限为1.0×10-9mol·L-1。其它常见金属离子对Ag+的测定并无明显干扰。     

Ce3+,Tb3+,Eu3+共掺杂Sr2MgSi2O7体系的白色发光和能量传递机理

通过正交试验,采用高温固相法制备了Sr2-x-y-zMgSi2O7∶xCe3+,yTb3+,zEu3+系列样品.使用X射线衍射仪和荧光光谱仪表征了样品的物相和发光性质,并讨论了Ce3+-Tb3+-Eu3+共掺杂Sr2MgSi2O7体系中的能量传递过程.实验结果表明,在327 nm波长激发下,所合成荧光粉的发射峰主要位于387 nm(蓝紫)、542nm(绿)和611 nm(红)处;分别以387,542和611 nm为监控波长,所得激发光谱显示荧光粉在327 nm处有最好的激发.在327 nm光激发下,系列样品发光进入白光区.最优化的荧光粉为Sr1.91MgSi2O7∶0.01Ce3+,0.05Tb3+,0.03Eu3+,其色坐标为(0.337,0.313),是一种潜在的发光二极管(LED)用白色荧光粉.     

Selective 226Ra2+ ionophores provided by self-assembly of guanosine and isoguanosine derivatives

The self-assembled guanosine (G 1)-based hexadecamers and isoguanosine (isoG 2)-based decamers are excellent 226Ra2+ selective ionophores even in the presence of excess alkali (Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+) and alkaline earth (Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+) cations over the pH range 3-11. G 1 requires additional picrate anions to provide a neutral assembly, whereas the isoG 2 assembly extracts 226Ra2+ cations without any such additives. Both G 1-picrate and isoG 2 assemblies show 226Ra2+ extraction even at a 0.35 x 10(6) fold excess of Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Mg2+, or Ca2+ (10(-2) M) to 226Ra2+ (2.9 x 10(-8) M) and at a 100-fold salt to ionophore excess. In the case of the G 1-picrate assembly, more competition was observed from Sr2+ and Ba2+, as extraction of 226Ra2+ ceased at an M2+/226Ra2+ ratio of 10(6) and 10(4), respectively. With the isoG 2 assembly, 226Ra2+ extraction also occurred at a Sr2+/226Ra2+ ratio of 10(6) but ceased at a 10(6) excess of Ba2+. The results clearly demonstrate the power of molecular self-assembly for the construction of highly selective ionophores.     

M+(12-crown-4) supramolecular cations (M+ = Na+, K+, Rb+, and NH4+) within Ni(2-thioxo-1,3-dithiole-4,5-dithiolate)2 molecular conductor

Monovalent cations (M+ = Na+, K+, Rb+, and NH4+) and 12-crown-4 were assembled to new supramolecular cation (SC+) structures of the M+(12-crown-4)n (n = 1 and 2), which were incorporated into the electrically conducting Ni(dmit)2 salts (dmit = 2-thioxo-1,3-dithiole-4,5-dithiolate). The Na+, K+, and Rb+ salts are isostructural with a stoichiometry of the M+(12-crown-4)2[Ni(dmit)2]4, while the NH4+ salt has a stoichiometry of NH4+(12-crown-4)[Ni(dmit)2]3(CH3CN)2. The electrical conductivities of the Na+, K+, Rb+, and NH4+ salts at room temperature are 7.87, 4.46, 0.78, and 0.14 S cm-1, respectively, with a semiconducting temperature dependence. The SC+ structures of the Na+, K+, and Rb+ salts have an ion-capturing sandwich-type cavity of M+(12-crown-4)2, in which the M+ ion is coordinated by eight oxygen atoms of the two 12-crown-4 molecules. On the other hand, the NH4+ ion is coordinated by four oxygen atoms of the 12-crown-4 molecule. Judging from the M(+)-O distances, thermal parameters of oxygen atoms, and vibration spectra, the thermal fluctuation of the Na+(12-crown-4)2 structure is larger than those of K+(12-crown-4)2 and Rb+(12-crown-4)2. The SC+ unit with the larger alkali metal cation gave a stress to the Ni(dmit)2 column, and the SC+ structure changed the pi-pi overlap mode and electrically conducting behavior.     

钙钛矿型(La_(0.8)M_(0.2))MnO_3和(La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2))(Mn_(1-x)Fe_x)O_3的XRD和IR光谱的研究

合成了（La0.8M0.2）MnO3（M=Ca2+，Sr2+，Ba2+）和（La0.8Sr0.2）（Mn1-xFex）O3（x=0．1、0．2、0．3、0．4、0．5）两类氧化物，经XRD确认为钙铁矿型氧化物，应用FT－IR对其进行研究，对主要的红外特征振动υ（Mn-O）和δ（O-Mn-O）进行分析表征。这类化合物的υ（Mn-O）和δ（O-Mn-O）的FT－IR特征吸收峰十分相似，但在～608cm－1处出现较大差别，以Sr2+、Ca2+和Ba2+部分A位取代La3+的钙铁矿型氧化物和B位Fe取代Mn时，由于离子的溶解能不同，对晶格的有序排列的影响程度不一，导致了Mn－O键的键力场不同，引起了吸收峰向低波数移动。这种结构上的差异，导致对汽车尾气中的有害成份碳氢化合物（HC）和一氧化碳（CO）的催化氧化能力降低。借此可以用于研究结构与催化性能的关系。     

Multifunctional ferrocene-ruthenocene dyads linked by single or double aza-containing bridges displaying metal-metal interactions and cation recognition properties

The synthesis, electrochemical, electronic, and cation sensing properties of the ruthenocene-terminated 2-aza-1,3-butadiene 2, linear ferrocene-ruthenocene dyads 3 and 5, and the new structural motifs diaza[4.4]ruthenocenophane 7 and mixed ferrocene and ruthenocene metallocenophanes 8 and 10 are presented. The properties of these compounds have been systematically varied by introducing the ferrocene and ruthenocene moieties at the 1- or 4-position of the unsymmetrical 2-aza-1,3-butadiene bridge. Spectroelectrochemical studies of compounds 3 and 8, in which the ruthenocene unit appended at the 1-position of the bridge exhibits a rather unusual electrochemical behavior, revealed the presence of low-energy bands in the near-infrared (NIR) region in the partially oxidized forms, at 1070 and 1163 nm, respectively, which indicate the existence of intramolecular charge transfer between the iron and the ruthenium centers. The electrochemical and intermetallic charge-transfer (MMCT) studies (HAB, lambda and alpha parameters) indicate that the 3*+ and 8*+ systems belong to the Class II classification for a mixed-valence compound. In addition, the low-energy (LE) band of the absorption spectra of all compounds prepared, except compound 10, are red-shifted by complexation with divalent Mg2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, and Ni2+ metal ions. For open dyads, biruthenocene compound 2 exhibited the higher red-shift by 92 nm, whereas for closed compounds the [4.4]ruthenocenoferrocenophane 8 displayed a remarkable red-shift by about 180 nm for Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, and Ni2+ metal ions and by about 146 nm for Mg2+ cation. The changes in the absorption spectra are accompanied by dramatic color changes which allow the potential for "naked eye" detection. The experimental data and conclusions are supported by DFT computations.     

磷灰石结构荧光粉Ba10(PO4)6F2:Ce3+,Tb3+的合成、发光和能量传递

采用高温固相法合成了系列Ce~(3+)和Ce~(3+)/Tb~(3+)激活的具有磷灰石结构荧光粉Ba_(10)(PO_4)_6F_2。用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、激发和发射(PLE和PL)光谱对样品进行了表征分析。研究结果表明:所合成的荧光粉Ba_(10)(PO_4)_6F_2∶Ce~(3+),Tb~(3+)具有氟磷灰石结构,样品微观呈现不规则形貌。荧光粉Ba10-x(PO4)6F2∶x Ce~(3+)的相对发射强度随着x增加而增强,当x=0.09时,荧光强度达到最大。荧光粉Ba_(10)(PO_4)_6F_2∶Ce~(3+),Tb~(3+)的激发光谱为240～330 nm的宽带,发射光谱呈现出Ce~(3+)的5d→4f跃迁紫外光(335和358 nm)发射和Tb~(3+)的4f→4f跃迁绿光(542 nm)发射。光谱特性表明,发光过程中存在Ce~(3+)→Tb~(3+)能量传递,能量传递效率可以达到60%。计算Ce~(3+)和Tb~(3+)的临界距离为0.79 nm,能量传递机理是偶极-偶极交互作用。此外,详细论述了Ce~(3+)和Tb~(3+)之间的能量传递和发光的过程。通过调节Tb~(3+)的掺杂浓度,对荧光粉发光色坐标与Tb~(3+)的掺杂浓度之间的关系也进行了研究,随着Tb~(3+)的掺杂量从0增加0.52,荧光粉Ba_(10)(PO_4)_6F_2∶Ce~(3+),Tb~(3+)的发射光谱色坐标可以从(0.149 4,0.045 1)蓝色区变化到(0.280 1,0.585 3)绿色区。     

共沉淀法合成稀土正磷酸盐(La,Gd)PO4:RE3+(RE=Eu,Tb)及其真空紫外光谱特性

采用共沉淀法制备了稀土正磷酸盐荧光粉(La,Gd)PO4:RE3+(RE=Eu,Tb).红外光谱分析发现GdPO4的红外光谱吸收峰与LaPO4一致,只是峰位向高波数方向移动.(La,Gd)PO4:RE3+的真空紫外光谱特性研究表明,Gd3+在能量传递过程中起中间体作用.XPS研究揭示,LaPO4的价带由O2-的2p能级构成,而GdPO4的价带则是由O2-的2p能级和Gd3+的4f能级共同构成.     

Reduction of Cu2+ to Cu+ in Xerogels Prepared from (3-Aminopropyl)Trimethoxysilane

Silica gels doped with Cu²⁺ ions were prepared from the (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (APTMOS)/tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) systems. Sols showed a broad absorption peak at 640 nm, suggesting 3–5 coordination of the aminopropyl groups to Cu²⁺. For gels prepared from APTMOS and dried at room temperature, the 640 nm peak decreased and a red-shifted absorption appeared below 400 nm within a few months. The luminescence spectra of the xerogels showed emission bands at 430–470 and 510 nm. The former and latter bands are ascribed to Cu⁺ monomer and dimer emissions, respectively. These results indicate that Cu²⁺ ions are reduced to Cu⁺. When xerogels were prepared from APTMOS/TEOS = 1 (vol/vol), the color of xerogels was blue with an absorption peak at around 670 nm, indicating no reduction of Cu²⁺ ions.     

基于羟苯基苯并咪唑的Zn2+比率荧光探针

通过羰基将两分子2-(4-氨基-2-羟苯基)苯并咪唑(4-AHBI)连接,合成了结构高度对称的新化合物N,N′-二-[3-羟基-4-(2-苯并咪唑)苯基]脲(C27H20N6O3,1),测试了不同溶剂条件下1的紫外吸收和荧光发射光谱,研究了1对Zn2+的选择性识别作用。结果表明,随着溶剂极性的增大,1的紫外吸收峰发生蓝移,激发态分子内质子转移(ESIPT)荧光发射峰明显增强。与4-AHBI相比,1在乙腈溶液中的紫外吸收强度增强约3.5倍,最大吸收峰红移8 nm,荧光发射增强8倍多。1在乙腈溶液中的Zn2+荧光响应行为表明1与Zn2+的结合将导致1在445 nm处的荧光强度不断降低,而在395 nm处出现的新峰的荧光强度不断增强,具有比率荧光探针的特点,而且检测范围较宽,可达1×10-6-1×10-2 mol.L-1。     

Neutral bidentate organophosphorus compounds as novel ionophores for potentiometric membrane sensors for barium(II)

Bis(diarylphosphine oxide) naphthalene compounds are used as novel ionophores in plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) matrix membrane sensors for barium ions. The most favorable sensor was 1,2-bis(diethylphenylphosphine oxide)naphthalene containing potassium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate as lipophilic salt and o-nitrophenyloctyl ether as plasticizer for ion-selective electrode membrane construction. The electrode showed excellent properties. It gave a linear response with a Nernstian slope of 30 mV per decade within the concentration range 10(-1)-10(-5) mol L(-1) BaCl2. The electrode exhibits a high selectivity towards Ba2+ with respect to Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, NH4+, Ag+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Al3+, La3+, and Ce3+ ions. The electrode response was stable over a wide pH range (3-11). The lifetime of the electrode was about 2 months. It was successfully applied to the determination of Ba2+ contents in some rocks.