颗粒物质内部滑动摩擦力的非线性振动现象

实验研究了探测棒竖直穿过圆筒中颗粒物质运动时所受的滑动摩擦阻力.研究发现，厚度为容器直径的0.5到2倍之间，粒径为2 mm的颗粒堆，对探测棒的滑动摩擦力在一个平均水平上随时间作非线性振动.当探测棒以小于2×10^-3 m/s的匀速率上升时，滑动摩擦力平均水平超过初始最大静摩擦力F₀的0.2到0.5倍，变化范围可从F₀到2F₀.频率低于1.35 Hz时，各种频率成分的强度随频率增加按幂函数方式衰减，其主要部分的平均周期T与探测棒运动速率v成反比关系. 关键词： 颗粒物质 滑动摩擦力 非线性振动     

高能非线性现象研究的新进展

经典色动力学有混沌解,但是量子混沌是一个困难的理论问题,因而高能物理中的非线性目前还只能用唯象方法进行研究.80年代末,实验观察到多粒子未态相空间中有局域大起伏,激发了对高能非线性现象——间歇与分形研究的热潮.实验发现,一维阶乘矩有饱和现象,这被解释为高维间歇投影到低维的结果;但是,三维阶乘矩也并没有严格的反常标度性.这一困难在一段时间里曾使得间歇(分形)的研究陷于停顿.以后发现,其原因在于高能多粒子未态相空问高度各向异性,因而相应的分形是自仿射分形.只有对相空间进行正确的各向异性分割,才能观察到反常标度性.这一预言已在NA22和NA27的实验数据中得到证实,成功地观察到了反常标度性,从而使高能非线性的研究取得突破性进展.本文介绍这一进展,并作一些讨论.     

基于MATLAB的非线性振动系统临界阻尼的研究

用MATLAB研究了非线性振动系统临界阻尼的性质,提出了非线性振动系统临界阻尼的计算公式和临界阻尼状态下系统的运动方程,并与数值解进行了比较.     

同轴脉冲形成线的运输振动环境适应性研究

为了准确评估某MV级Tesla型脉冲功率源的运输振动环境适应性水平,针对脉冲功率源中采用悬臂绝缘支撑结构的同轴脉冲形成线,通过仿真和试验结合的方法开展研究。针对叠层结构式内外磁芯,提出一种通过结构元胞等效材料参数和坐标变换的等效建模方法进行有限元建模,通过模态试验修正有限元模型,首次对比研究了绝缘油对形成线的模态频率和阻尼的影响,仿真分析了形成线车载运输典型工况的应力及响应,设计实施了大尺寸形成线等效件振动试验进行验证。通过振动试验发现了形成线结构存在非线性,通过仿真分析和等效件试验验证,同轴脉冲形成线现有结构设计基本满足车载运输振动环境适应性要求。     

非线性光导开关输出脉冲延迟时间的研究

利用非线性光导开关的雪崩注入模型，讨论了光导开关工作偏压、光导开关材料的深能级杂质浓度、光脉冲能量等参量对非线性光导开关输出脉冲延迟时间的影响，给出了一些有意义的结论。     

二维格子神经元网络的振动共振和非线性振动共振

本文采用数值模拟的方法, 在通过电突触耦合或化学突触耦合的二维格子神经元网络中, 研究了FitzHugh-Nagumo神经元受到双频信号输入时神经元网络对低频信号的响应特性. 结果表明:当固定受到双频输入信号的神经元在体系中所占的比例且FitzHugh-Nagumo神经元参数处于可激发区域时双频信号中的高频部分可诱导出动作电位产生, 而且随着高频输入信号强度的增加, 神经元网络对低频输入信号响应先增大后减小, 出现了极大值, 即发生了振动共振现象. 另外本文还研究了神经元网络对低频输入信号的二次谐波的响应, 同样发现了非线性振动共振现象, 并且体系对低频信号的响应随着其频率ω 的增加也产生共振现象, 即发生了双共振现象. 上述共振现象在以电突触耦合的二维格子神经元网络中和以化学突触耦合的二维格子神经元网络中都可以观察到. 当固定双频输入信号中高频输入信号强度时, 随着受到双频输入信号的神经元在体系中所占比例的变化, 电突触耦合的二维格子神经元网络对低频输入信号的响应与化学突触耦合的二维格子神经元网络对低频输入信号的响应相比有很大的不同.     

光脉冲在含玻色元激发的非线性介质中的传播与面积定理

研究了取决于场与玻色（ｂｏｓｏｎ元激发瞬间相互作用的光信号传播问题。导出了相应的‘面积定理’，是将只关系到光脉冲在二能级系统中传播的面积定理的一种推广。所得结果和用光与玻色物质耦合模型对增强吸收型光双稳的解决是一致的。     

仰卧人体在三轴单向全身振动激励下的振动传递特性

研究了人体仰卧姿态下,振动的幅值大小和输入方向对人体头部和胸部振动传递率的影响。分别采用频率范围为0.5～20 Hz,振动幅值为0.2～0.8 m/s² r.m.s.的纵向、横向和垂直单轴随机振动激励,测量了12名男性被试者自振源至头部和胸部的振动传递特性。结果表明,人体头部和胸部振动传递率的共振频率在纵向方向上大约为4 Hz,在横向方向上大约为2.4 Hz,而在垂直方向上头部和胸部传递率的共振频率并不相同。在纵向激励下,仰卧人体各部位振动传递率随振幅变化而表现出的非线性特征最为明显。     

高功率微波与带孔洞腔体非线性耦合的理论研究

从Ｍａｘｗｅｌｌ方程组和电子流体方程组出发，研究了高功率微波束与腔体非线性耦合的过程。用时域有限差分方法计算了不同大气条件下的非线性耦合过程。与线性耦合的结果进行比较，总结了一些新的非线性耦合规律。     

用振动密耦合方法研究低能电子与N2分子碰撞的振动激发微分散射截面

采用振动密耦合方法,分别应用球高斯分布极化势和优于绝热极化势,及基于量子力学从头计算的静电、交换势,得到入射电子能量2.40eV时0→2和0→3的振动激发微分散射截面,与目前优秀的实验值比较,获得了满意的结果,并从理论上分析了整个计算过程中可能影响微分散射截面精度的主要物理因素. 关键词： 分子碰撞 微分散射截面 振动激发 相互作用势     

用激光外差干涉仪探测金属表面超声振动的实验设计

将激光外差法测量的科研成果转化为物理专业实验，设计了易于调节的激光外差干涉系统，实现了外差信号的接收，用压电超声装置代替激光超声装置，使实验系统小型化。     

Finite element modeling of heating phenomena of cracks excited by high-intensity ultrasonic pulses

A three-dimensional thermo-mechanical coupled finite element model is built up to simulate the phenomena of dynamical contact and frictional heating of crack faces when the plate containing the crack is excited by high-intensity ultrasonic pulses.In the finite element model,the high-power ultrasonic transducer is modeled by using a piezoelectric thermal-analogy method,and the dynamical interaction between both crack faces is modeled using a contact-impact theory.In the simulations,the frictional heating taking place at the crack faces is quantitatively calculated by using finite element thermal-structural coupling analysis,especially,the influences of acoustic chaos to plate vibration and crack heating are calculated and analysed in detail.Meanwhile,the related ultrasonic infrared images are also obtained experimentally,and the theoretical simulation results are in agreement with that of the experiments.The results show that,by using the theoretical method,a good simulation of dynamic interaction and friction heating process of the crack faces under non-chaotic or chaotic sound excitation can be obtained.     

Influence of stiffeners on plate vibration and radiated noise excited by turbulent boundary layers

The influence of stiffeners on plate vibration and noise radiation induced by turbulent boundary layers is investigated by wind tunnel measurements. Plates with and without stiffeners are tested under the flow speed of 60 m/s, 71 m/s and 86 m/s, respectively. The stiffeners are set either perpendicular or parallel to the direction of the free stream. Measured vibration and noise levels are compared with theoretical calculations, where wall pressure cross-spectra are described by the Corcos model. For the plates tested, it is evident that stiffeners perpendicular to the direction of the free stream could increase noise radiation, but have almost no influence on vibration level of plates.     

横向磁场中大挠度金属薄板的混沌振动

利用Karman关于板的大挠度理论,考虑涡电流在板中引起的Lorentz力,导出了在横向磁场和横向载荷共同作用下薄板的非线性运动方程.借助Bubnov-Galerkin法将非线性偏微分方程转化为含三次非线性项的常微分方程.在定性分析的基础上,利用次谐轨道的Melnikov函数给出了发生Smale马蹄型混沌运动的阈值条件,进而数值计算了系统的分岔图、相应的相图、Poincaré映射和时程曲线,给出了混沌运动的数字特征.分析结果表明:磁感应强度和外载荷都会影响系统的振动特性. 关键词： 金属薄板 大挠度 横向磁场 混沌振动     

Optimization design of high power ultrasonic circular ring radiator in coupled vibration

This paper presents a new high power ultrasonic (HPU) radiator, which consists of a transducer, an ultrasonic horn, and a metal circular ring. Both the transducer and horn in longitudinal vibrations are used to drive a metal circular ring in a radial-axial coupled vibration. This coupled vibration cannot only generate ultrasound in both the radial and axial directions, but also focus the ultrasound inside the circular ring. Except for the radial-axial coupled vibration mode, the third longitudinal harmonic vibration mode with relative large vibration amplitude is also detected, which can be used as another operation mode. Overall, the HPU with these two vibration modes should have good potential to be applied in liquid processing, such as sonochemistry, ultrasonic cleaning, and Chinese herbal medicine extraction.     

超声波振动辅助下填充填缝工艺的数值研究

本文基于数值方法研究了超声波振动辅助倒装芯片成型下填充填缝工艺。采用了一种基于紧耦合的流固耦合算法,对结构和流场之间的耦合运动进行了数值模拟,其中流场部分采用有限体积法对任意拉格朗日-欧拉方法的不可压缩N-S方程进行离散计算,而结构部分采用有限元法对拉格朗日坐标下的弹性动力学方程进行离散计算。在一个时间步内,结构与流场的计算区域的交界面上进行了多次的数值传递和插值,以保证满足耦合面边界条件。计算了超声波振动作为边界条件作用于结构场,而引起的流场中流体流速的变化规律,并通过实验验证了本方法的正确性。同时,监测了流场入口体积流量的变化规律,探究了超声波振幅、频率以及流体粘度等因素对流体流速的影响,为超声波振动辅助倒装芯片成型下填充工艺的应用提供了理论依据。     

Nonlinear vibration of carbon nanotube embedded in viscous elastic matrix under parametric excitation by nonlocal continuum theory

In the present work, the nonlinear vibration of a carbon nanotube which is subjected to the external parametric excitation is studied. By the nonlocal continuum theory and nonlinear von Kármán beam theory, the governing equation of the carbon nanotube is derived with the consideration of the large deformation. The principle parametric resonance of the nanotube is discussed and the approximation explicit solution is presented by the multiple scale method. Numerical calculations are performed. It can be observed that when the mode number is 1, the stable region can be significantly changed by the parametric excitation, length-to-diameter ratio and matrix stiffness. This phenomenon becomes different to appear if the mode number increases. Moreover, the small scale effects have great influences on the positive bifurcation point for the short carbon nanotube, and the nonlocal continuum theory can present the proper model.     

基于空耦超声Lamb波的金属板状结构内部缺陷检测方法

针对接触式超声检测方法在金属板结构内部缺陷实际工程检测中存在的环境要求高、效率低、操作难度高等问题,提出了空耦超声Lamb波检测方法,该方法能更好地适应现场应用环境,提高检测效率,减少传感器数量。通过有限元仿真和实验分析比较了空耦超声检测与接触式超声检测两种方法接收到的信号和成像效果。结果表明:有限元仿真和实验中,空耦超声检测方法对缺陷位置的定位误差分别为2 mm和3.6 mm,接触式检测方法对缺陷位置的定位误差分别为2 mm和11.3 mm,空耦检测具有较高的定位精度;单侧激励条件下,适合采用A0模态Lamb波对板内缺陷进行检测;空耦超声检测可以通过调整信号接收角度接收单一模态Lamb波,避免伪像产生。该方法为后续金属板状结构内部缺陷的空耦超声检测提供参考。     

Flexural vibration band gaps in a thin plate containing a periodic array of hemmed discs

Using a periodic expansion by means of the Bloch theorem, the flexural vibration band gaps are studied in a thin plate with two-dimensional ternary locally resonant structures, i.e. a thin epoxy plate containing a periodic square array of lead discs hemmed around by rubber. The full band gaps of flexural vibration in the thin plate are obtained within which sound and vibration will be forbidden. The numerical results are used to show how the width of the first full band gap depends on the radius ratio of lead disc to hemmed disc, filling fraction, lattice constant (distance between the centers of the nearest lead discs) and thickness of the thin plate. It is observed that the gap width can be changed a lot by modulating these physical parameters.     

声子晶体结构在功率超声换能器中的应用

该文提出了一种二维声子晶体结构模型,并将该模型应用于横向尺寸较大的功率超声换能器的前盖板中,避免了形成耦合振动对换能器的影响,从而优化了该类换能器的工作性能.首先设计了一种具有近周期性结构的圆柱形孔的前盖板,然后研究了声子晶体结构前盖板散射体的半径大小和高度对换能器共振频率以及前盖板带隙的影响.结果表明,随着散射体半径...