洛伦兹力做功微探

洛伦兹力有两种定义：一种是运动电荷在电磁场中受的电场力与磁场力的矢量和,一种是运动电荷在磁场中受的力;一般所说的洛伦兹力为后一种,本文所指也为后一种．对于该洛伦兹力,众所周知,因其始终与运动电荷速度方向垂直而对运动电荷永不做功．关于论证洛伦兹力是否做功的文章有很多;这些文章都以对洛伦兹力永不做功表示怀疑为起点,最终以洛伦兹力永不做功为结论．然而,笔者思考该类问题时,在自构的情景中遇到了困惑,现阐述如下．     

冲击电流计线圈运动状态的分析

简要介绍了冲击电流计的工作原理,分析研究了冲击电流计的偏转线圈在磁场中的运动状态,并运用数理方法和电磁学知识推导出描述各种运动状态的物理表达式,揭示出偏转线圈的运动规律,对于仪器的调节和实验电路的设计具有重要意义.     

一种减小灵敏电流计内阻测量误差的方法

本文通过对测量灵敏电流计内阻实验误差的分析，给出一种有效的减小内阻测量误差的方法。     

利用强迫振动扭摆方法测灵敏电流计临界外电阻

把灵敏电流计的张丝及线圈作为扭摆,用正弦讯号发生器作驱动源,扭摆在驱动电流的作用下做受迫振动．利用扭摆作稳态受迫振动的共振频率公式以及电流计全临界电阻与电流计结构参量的关系推导出测量灵敏电流计临界外电阻的公式．     

尾波场中传播的激光脉冲的频率漂移

一个超短超强激光脉冲在另一个超短脉冲激发的尾波场中传播时，如果这两个脉冲之间距离合适，第二个脉冲前半部分经历的电子密度比后半部分高，其后部群速度高于前部，脉冲将被压缩，频率向高频方向移动.用PIC粒子模拟证实了这一点，模拟得到的频移与理论结果吻合.另外，非线性效应使得最有效频移对应的脉冲之间的间距比线性理论估计值大. 关键词： 频移 有质动力 电子俘获     

Calculation of the frequency shift in dynamic force microscopy

A theoretical study of the quality and the range of validity of different numerical and analytical methods to calculate the frequency shift in dynamic force microscopy is presented. By comparison with exact results obtained by the numerical solution of the equation of motion, it is demonstrated that the commonly used interpretation of the frequency shift as a measure for the force gradient of the tip–sample interaction force is only valid for very small oscillation amplitudes and leads to misinterpretations in most practical cases. Perturbation theory, however, allows the derivation of useful analytic approximations.     

Method of choosing the adaptive level of discrete wavelet decomposition to eliminate zero component

An improved method is proposed to optimize the discrete wavelet decomposition, which can be used to decompose a deformed fringe by easily applying “ridge” information of continuous wavelet transform. With this method the zero component of a deformed fringe pattern can be extracted and eliminated automatically instead of using traditional repetitious tentative experiments. Computer simulations and experiments are carried out to verify our analysis by comparing the results from the correct level selection with that from the adjacent level selection.     

Quenched Fano effect due to one Majorana zero mode coupled to the Fano interferometer

We investigate the change of the Fano effect by considering one Majorana zero mode to couple laterally to the single-dot Fano interferometer. It is found that the Majorana zero mode quenches the Fano effect thoroughly and causes the conductance to be independent of the dot level, the dot-lead coupling, and the increase of the Majorana-dot coupling. As a result, the linear conductance becomes only related to the interlead coupling and the magnetic-flux phase factor. These results can be helpful for the detection of Majorana zero mode.     

去除光学器件弹光双折射的方法

在电光、磁光调制器和传感器等光学器件的制作和使用过程中,经常会产生影响器件性能的弹光双折射.根据折射率椭球分析法,通过系统分析各晶系晶体的弹光效应,提出了若干去除光学器件中静态弹光双折射的方法.主要结论包括:对于正交晶系的双轴晶体,当光波沿着晶体任意一个主轴方向传播时,如果作用于晶体另外两个主轴方向的应力能够满足某一与晶体自身参数有关的倍数关系且不存在剪切应力,则可以去除这两个应力引起的弹光双折射;对利用所有单轴晶体,ˉ43m,432,m3m点群的立方晶体和匀质光学玻璃制作的光学器件,如果能够保持晶体沿着x1,x2轴方向的正应力相等且不存在剪切应力,或只对晶体施加x3方向的正应力,也可以避免沿着晶体主光轴x3方向传播光波的弹光双折射.上述去除弹光双折射的方法对光学器件的设计、制作和使用具有重要参考价值.