Electrochemical-hydrothermal Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Zn2(OH)VO4

A new zinc vanadate Zn₂(OH)VO₄ has been synthesized by an electrochemical-hydrothermal method and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group Pnma, a = 14.645(1) Å, b = 6.0215(5) Å, c = 8.8757(8) Å, V = 782.7(1) ų, Z = 4, measured at 223 K. In the structure, rutile-type [ZnO₆] octahedral chains are interconnected by [VO₄] tetrahedra to form a framework of composition [Zn(OH)VO₄], the voids of which are filled by Zn cations with trigonal bipyramidal and octahedral coordination. The structure is closely related to that of the adamite-type phases and the minerals descloizite PbZn(OH)VO₄ and tsumcorite Pb_0.5Zn(H₂O)AsO₄.     

Zinc ion Batteries: Bridging the Gap from Academia to Industry for Grid-Scale Energy Storage

Zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) exhibit significant promise in the next generation of grid-scale energy storage systems owing to their safety, relatively high volumetric energy density, and low production cost. Despite substantial advancements in ZIBs, a comprehensive evaluation of critical parameters impacting their practical energy density (E_practical) and calendar life is lacking. Hence, we suggest using formulation-based study as a scientific tool to accurately calculate the cell-level energy density and predict the cycling life of ZIBs. By combining all key battery parameters, such as the capacity ratio of negative to positive electrode (N/P), into one formula, we assess their impact on E_practical. When all parameters are optimized, we urge to achieve the theoretical capacity for a high E_practical. Furthermore, we propose a formulation that correlates the N/P and Coulombic efficiency of ZIBs for predicting their calendar life. Finally, we offer a comprehensive overview of current advancements in ZIBs, covering cathode and anode, along with practical evaluations. This Minireview outlines specific goals, suggests future research directions, and sketches prospects for designing efficient and high-performing ZIBs. It aims at bridging the gap from academia to industry for grid-scale energy storage.     

The Synthesis of Porous Na3V2(PO4)3 for Sodium-Ion Storage

Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ (NVP) has been regarded as a potential cathode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its excellent structural stability and rapid Na⁺ conductivity. However, its electrochemical performances are restricted by the large bulk structure and poor electronic conductivity. The construction of porous NVP materials is a powerful method to improve the electrochemical properties. This concept aims to provide an overview of recent progress of porous NVP materials for SIBs. Herein, the synthetic strategies and formation mechanisms of porous NVP materials as well as the relationship between the porous structures and electrochemical performances of NVP materials are reviewed. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects for the preparation of porous NVP materials in this field are outlined.     

钕, 铈掺杂的正极材料尖晶石型LiMn2O4的制备及性能

通过掺杂不同含量的Ｎｄ,Ｃｅ制备ＬｉＭｎ２－ｘＲＥｘＯ４（ＲＥ＝Ｃｅ,Ｎｄ;ｘ＝０,０．０５,０．１,０．１５,０．２）锂离子电池正极材料,研究稀土元素拓杂对尖晶石ＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４正极材料电化学性质的影响。掺杂Ｎｄ,Ｃｅ后ＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４正极材料更适合于锂离子的嵌入和脱出,电池的循环性能提高,但充放电容量随掺杂量的增加而下降。Ｘ射线光电子能谱分析表明掺杂Ｎｄ,Ｃｅ的ＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４正极材料,其Ｍｎ＾４＋     

锂离子电池富锂正极材料Li[NixLi1/3-2x/3Mn2/3-x/3]O2(x=1/5, 1/4, 1/3)的合成及电化学性能

通过共沉淀法制备了M(OH)2(M=Mn, Ni)前驱体, 并与LiOH混合, 合成了锂离子电池富锂正极材料Li[NixLi1/3-2x/3Mn2/3-x/3]O2, 采用XRD、SEM和充放电实验对其进行表征. 研究结果表明, Li, Ni, Mn原子在M层中呈有序分布, 形成超结构; 富锂正极材料由亚微米的一次粒子团聚组成1~3 μm颗粒; 在2.0~4.8 V电位范围内, 充放电电流密度为10 mA/g时, 富锂正极材料表现出很高的可逆比容量, 达到200~240 mA·h/g, 同时具有良好的循环可逆性能.     

动力锂离子电池正极材料磷酸钒锂制备方法

锂离子电池新型正极材料的开发是当前的研究热点,其中磷酸盐材料以其结构稳定、安全性能好及资源丰富等优点备受关注。磷酸钒锂理论能量密度可达500mWh/g,具有较高的电子离子导电性、理论充放电容量及充放电电压平台,被认为是一种极具竞争优势和应用前景的动力锂离子电池正极材料。传统磷酸钒锂合成方法有固相合成法、碳热还原法、溶胶凝胶法和水热合成法等,近年来,又出现了湿法固相配位法、微波固相合成法和流变相法等新型合成方法。本文简要介绍了磷酸钒锂的结构和性能特点,对磷酸钒锂制备方法的最新研究进展进行了较为全面的阐述,并详细介绍了本研究团队近年来在磷酸钒锂材料新型合成方法方面的探索成果。同时对各种合成方法的制备工艺及材料性能进行了对比分析,并探讨了当前存在的问题及未来的研究方向。     

Reversible Storage of Lithium in a Rambutan‐Like Tin–Carbon Electrode

Fruity electrodes : A simple bottom‐up self‐assembly method was used to fabricate rambutan‐like tin–carbon (Sn@C) nanoarchitecture (see scheme, green Sn) to improve the reversible storage of lithium in tin. The mechanism of the growth of the pear‐like hairs is explored.

     

Li[Mn1/3-x/3 Ni1/3-x/3 Co1/3-x/3 Crx ]O2系列正极材料的合成及性能研究

采用改进的固相法一步反应成功制备了掺杂Cr的系列正极材料Li[Mn1/3-x/3Ni1/3-x/3Co1/3-x/3Crx]O2(x=0, 0.015, 0.025, 0.050, 0.100),用XRD, SEM和充放电测试等考察了它们的物理性质和电化学性能.结果表明,所合成的正极材料具有O2层状结构,规则的形貌和均匀的粒径尺寸分布,其嵌锂脱锂均为一步机理.加入适量的Cr可提高该系列正极材料的电化学性能和循环稳定性.x=0.015时的正极材料电化学性能最佳,室温下其首次放电比容量为138.60 mAh·g-1,并且循环性能最好.     

Superior Na‐Storage Performance of Low‐Temperature‐Synthesized Na3(VO1−xPO4)2F1+2x (0≤x≤1) Nanoparticles for Na‐Ion Batteries

Na‐ion batteries are becoming comparable to Li‐ion batteries because of their similar chemical characteristics and abundant sources of sodium. However, the materials production should be cost‐effective in order to meet the demand for large‐scale application. Here, a series of nanosized high‐performance cathode materials, Na₃(VO_1?xPO₄)₂F_1+2x (0≤x≤1), has been synthesized by a solvothermal low‐temperature (60–120 °C) strategy without the use of organic ligands or surfactants. The as‐synthesized Na₃(VOPO₄)₂F nanoparticles show the best Na‐storage performance reported so far in terms of both high rate capability (up to 10 C rate) and long cycle stability over 1200 cycles. To the best of our knowledge, the current developed synthetic strategy for Na₃(VO_1?xPO₄)₂F_1+2x is by far one of the least expensive and energy‐consuming methods, much superior to the conventional high‐temperature solid‐state method.     

Magnetic properties of a new cobalt hydrogen vanadate with a dumortierite‐like structure: Co13.5(OH)6(H0.5VO3.5)2(VO4)6

The magnetic properties of a novel cobalt‐based hydrogen vanadate, Co_13.5(OH)₆(H_0.5VO_3.5)₂(VO₄)₆, are reported. This new magnetic material was synthesized in single‐crystal form using a conventional hydrothermal method. Its crystal structure was determined from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data and was also characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Its crystal framework has a dumortierite‐like structure consisting of large hexagonal and trigonal channels; the large hexagonal channels contain one‐dimensional chains of face‐sharing CoO₆ octahedra linked to the framework by rings of VO₄ tetrahedra, while the trigonal channels are occupied by chains of disordered V₂O₄ pyramidal groups. The magnetic properties of this material were investigated by DC magnetic measurements, which indicate the occurrence of antiferromagnetic interactions.     

锂离子电池正极材料Li[Li0.167Mn0.583Ni0.25]O2的合成与性能研究

应用低热固相法制备镍锰复合正极材料Li[Li0.167Mn0.583Ni0.25]O2.XRD、FESEM和恒电流充放电测试表明,该材料结晶良好,可标定为α-NaFeO2型结构(空间群R3-m),颗粒粒径约为60~100 nm,粒度均匀细小.在2.5~4.4 V之间以0.5 C(100 mA/g)做充放电循环时,可逆比容量在120 mAh/g以上,循环性能非常稳定.如将截止电压升高到4.6 V,则比容量大大提高,最高可达234 mAh/g.上述充放电测试都出现了比容量随循环次数上升的现象.主要原因可归结为材料中Mn(Ⅳ)向Mn(Ⅲ)的转变,但在不同的电压范围内导致该转变的起因并不相同.     

A Superior Na3V2(PO4)3‐Based Nanocomposite Enhanced by Both N‐Doped Coating Carbon and Graphene as the Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

A superior Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃‐based nanocomposite (NVP/C/rGO) has been successfully developed by a facile carbothermal reduction method using one most‐common chelator, disodium ethylenediamintetraacetate [Na₂(C₁₀H₁₆N₂O₈)], as both sodium and nitrogen‐doped carbon sources for the first time. 2D‐reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets are also employed as highly conductive additives to facilitate the electrical conductivity and limit the growth of NVP nanoparticles. When used as the cathode material for sodium‐ion batteries, the NVP/C/rGO nanocomposite exhibits the highest discharge capacity, the best high‐rate capabilities and prolonged cycling life compared to the pristine NVP and single‐carbon‐modified NVP/C. Specifically, the 0.1 C discharge capacity delivered by the NVP/C/rGO is 116.8 mAh g^?1, which is obviously higher than 106 and 112.3 mAh g^?1 for the NVP/C and pristine NVP respectively; it can still deliver a specific capacity of about 80 mAh g^?1 even at a high rate up to 30 C; and its capacity decay is as low as 0.0355 % per cycle when cycled at 0.2 C. Furthermore, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was also implemented to compare the electrode kinetics of all three NVP‐based cathodes including the apparent Na diffusion coefficients and charge‐transfer resistances.     

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Mononuclear Mn~(II) Picolilato Complex Mn(2-C_5H_4NCOO)_2(H_2O)_2.1/2CH_3CN

1 INTRODUCTION Manganese has been implicated as an essential part of the active center in various manganese enzymes. Various nuclearities have been observed from mononuclear atom in superoxide dismutase [1] to the tetranuclear atom of oxygen evolution in photosystem II[2]. The manganese active centers in biological systems are surrounded by O and N coordination sphere[3, 4]. Synthetic efforts have produced a great variety of Mn clusters with varying nuclearity and oxidation states. Si…     

Superstructure in the Metastable Intermediate‐Phase Li2/3FePO4 Accelerating the Lithium Battery Cathode Reaction

LiFePO₄ is an important cathode material for lithium‐ion batteries. Regardless of the biphasic reaction between the insulating end members, Li_xFePO₄, x≈0 and x≈1, optimization of the nanostructured architecture has substantially improved the power density of positive LiFePO₄ electrode. The charge transport that occurs in the interphase region across the biphasic boundary is the primary stage of solid‐state electrochemical reactions in which the Li concentrations and the valence state of Fe deviate significantly from the equilibrium end members. Complex interactions among Li ions and charges at the Fe sites have made understanding stability and transport properties of the intermediate domains difficult. Long‐range ordering at metastable intermediate eutectic composition of Li_2/3FePO₄ has now been discovered and its superstructure determined, which reflected predominant polaron crystallization at the Fe sites followed by Li⁺ redistribution to optimize the Li? Fe interactions.     

Synthesis andCrystal Structure of{[Mn（H2O）4（3,3′—azpy）]（3,3′—azpy）3（PF6）2}n

The complex {[Mn(H2O)4(3, 3?-azpy)](3, 3?-azpy)3(PF6)2}n (3, 3?-azpy = 3, 3?- azobispyridine) has been synthesized and characterized. The crystal (C40H40F12MnN16O4P2, Mr = 1153.76) belongs to the triclinic system, space group P ī with the following crystallographic parameters: a = 10.761(2), b = 11.040(2), c = 23.365(4) ?, ( = 85.52(1), ( = 82.69(1), ( = 70.44(1)°, V = 2592.5(8) ?3, Dc = 1.478 g/cm3, ((MoK() = 4.16 cm-1, F(000) = 1174, Z = 2, final R = 0.0493 and wR = 0.1158 for the observed reflections (I > 2.00((I)). The X-ray analysis revealed that manganese(Ⅱ) cation coordination environment is a distorted octahedral geometry, and the Mn2+ cation is coordinated by four oxygen atoms of water in the equatorial plane, while the two nitrogen atoms of 3, 3?-azpy occupy the axial positions. The complex forms a one-dimensional chain structure via 3, 3?-azpy bridging ligand.     

锂离子电池正极材料Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3的制备及性能研究

应用碳热还原法制备了表面碳包覆的Li3V2(PO4)3材料.X射线衍射、红外光谱和透射电镜表征样品的结构及形貌.结果表明,该合成样品为纯相的Li3V2(PO4)3晶体,颗粒尺寸100nm左右.电化学阻抗谱测试表明,该材料在3.0～4.3V电位区间的锂离子扩散系数比它在3.0～4.8V区间的高约3个数量级.另外,前者的电荷转移电阻也明显低于后者.因而,其循环性能也明显优于后者的循环性能.     

混合价双核锰配合物[(Phen)2Mn(μ-O)2Mn(Phen)2]ClO4)3CH2ClCOOH·2H2O的合成与表征

锰在某些生物的氧化还原活性部位起着重要的作用. 绿色植物光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)中的氧释放配合物(OEC)、含锰过氧化氢酶(Mn Catalase)、含锰超氧化物歧化酶(MnSOD)、含锰核糖核苷酸还原酶(Mn RR)等活性部位存在着双核或多核锰的配合物[1～3]. 因此, 模拟合成不同氧化态的、不同类型配体和不同核数锰的配合物, 研究其结构和光谱等性质, 对揭示生物体中锰酶的催化氧化还原过程将有重要意义. 混合价Mn(Ⅲ, Ⅳ)配合物的研究对于揭示PSⅡ中两分子H2O氧化为O2的机理具有重要意义[2,4]. 这类配合物的研究已有一些报道[5～10], 邻菲咯啉(Phen)作为配体形成的配合物[(Phen)2Mn\5(μ-O)2Mn(Phen)2](PF6)3*CH3CN的研究虽有报道[11], 但其晶体中两个锰离子配位环境几乎相同. 本文用新方法合成了双核锰配合物(该法容易得到单晶)并进行了表征.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a One-dimensional Azido-bridged Manganese (II) Compound [Mn(N_3)_2(H_2O)_3·C_6H_(12)N_4]_n

1 INTRODUCTION The azide anion is a good bridging ligand for di- valent metal ions to form discrete, one-dimensional, two-dimensional or three-dimensional complexes. In recent years, these complexes have drawn consider- able attentions for their interesting magnetic charace- ristics which attribute to the efficient magnetic coup- ling ability of the azido bridges[1]. When the azide anion acts as a bridging ligand, two typical modes are adopted: end-to-end (EE, μ1, 3) or end-on (EO, μ1…     

Coating of Al2O3 on layered Li(Mn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3)O2 using CO2 as green precipitant and their improved electrochemical performance for lithium ion batteries

Li(Mn_1/3Ni_1/3Co_1/3)O₂ cathode materials were fabricated by a hydroxide precursor method. Al₂O₃ was coated on the surface of the Li(Mn_1/3Ni_1/3Co_1/3)O₂ through a simple and effective one-step electrostatic self-assembly method. In the coating process, a NHCO₃-H₂CO₃ buffer was formed spontaneously when CO₂ was introduced into the NaAlO₂ solution. Compared with bare Li(Mn_1/3M_1/3Co_1/3)O₂, the surface-modified samples exhibited better cycling performance, rate capability and rate capability retention. The Al₂O₃-coated Li(Mn_1/3Ni_1/3Co_1/3)O₂ electrodes delivered a discharge capacity of about 115 mAh·g^?1 at 2 A·g^?1, but only 84 mAh·g^?1 for the bare one. The capacity retention of the Al₂O₃-coated Li(Mn_1/3Ni_1/3Co_1/3)O₂ was 90.7% after 50 cycles, about 30% higher than that of the pristine one.