Synthesis of Thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine-based Alternating Conjugated Polymers via Direct Arylation for Near-infrared OLED Applications

Three alternating conjugated polymers,namely PFTP,PCz TP,and PSi TP,which combine a thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine(TP)unit with different benzene-based donor units such as 9,9-dioctylfluorene,9-heptadecyl-9H-carbazole and 5,5-dioctyl-5H-dibenzo[b,d]silole,were synthesized in good yield(>85%)and high molecular weight up to Mn=5.82×10⁴ via direct arylation polymerization(DAr P).All the resultant polymers exhibit moderate bandgap of about 1.80 e V and strong deep red/near-infrared emitting in the solid state.Among them,the PSi TP-based electroluminescence(EL)devices with an architecture of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PTAA/emitting layer/TPBi/Li F/Al give the best performance with a maximum luminance of 2543 cd/m² at 478 m A/cm².This work expands the application scope of high-performance conjugated polymers which can be synthesized by DAr P.     

基于1,2,4-三氮唑衍生物的共轭聚合物的合成及其光伏性能

以缺电子的1,2,4-三氮唑衍生物作为拉电子结构单元(A), 以富电子的噻吩或苯并二噻吩衍生物作为推电子结构单元(D), 通过Stille偶联聚合的方法, 合成了三种主链型D-A(推-拉电子结构)的交替共聚物PT-TZ, PB-TZ和PB-TTZT. 不同富电子结构单元可使其聚合物表现出不同的光物理性能和光伏性能. 嵌入较多的噻吩单元, 可有效增大聚合物主链的共轭长度, 拓宽其吸收光谱, 因此, 聚合物PB-TTZT的光伏性能明显优于另外两种聚合物. 以三种聚合物分别作为给体材料, 以PC₆₁BM作为受体材料, 制备了聚合物太阳能电池(PSCs), 其中, 基于PB-TTZT的PSCs器件在AM 1.5 G模拟太阳光条件下的光电转换效率为1.18%.     

Promoting Solar-driven Hydrogen Peroxide Production over Thiazole-based Conjugated Polymers via Generating and Converting Singlet Oxygen

Solar-driven synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) from water and air provides a low-cost and eco-friendly alternative route to the traditional anthraquinone method. Herein, four thiazole-based conjugated polymers (Tz-CPs: TTz , BTz , TBTz and BBTz ) are synthesized via aldimine condensation. BBTz exhibits the highest H₂O₂ production rate of 7274 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ in pure water. Further, the reaction path is analyzed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) and theoretical calculation, highlighting the prominent role of singlet oxygen (¹O₂). The generation of ¹O₂ occurs through the oxidation of superoxide radical (⋅O₂⁻) and subsequent conversion into endoperoxides via [4+2] cycloaddition over BBTz , which promotes charge separation and reduces the barrier for H₂O₂ production. This work provides new insight into the mechanism of photocatalytic O₂ reduction and the molecular design of superior single-polymer photocatalysts.     

杯[6]芳烃聚合物的合成与吸附性能

合成了一系列新型含酰氨基和酯基的杯[6]芳烃聚合物，并研究了它们对阳离子的吸附性能。发现与杯[4]聚合物相比，它们对体积较大的阳离子有较好的吸附作用，其中聚合物2c还对Ag^ 表现出较好的选择性吸附能力。     

n-Type D-A Conjugated Polymers: Relationship Between Microstructure and Electrical/Mechanical Performance

Conjugated polymers are widely applied in optoelectronic devices due to their excellent optoelectronic properties, solution processibility, and intrinsic flexibility. High-performance films could be achieved with joint efforts from both molecular structure and film solid microstructure. Herein, research progress of the relationship between microstructure and electrical/mechanical performance of poly{[N,N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-representative of n-type donor-acceptor conjugated polymers, is reviewed. Its strong aggregation in solution is underlined and the methods to tune the degree of aggregation, such as solvent quality, molecular weight, and regioregularity, are compared. A liquid-crystalline behavior is evidenced in highly concentrated solutions during film drying, which favors the formation of highly anisotropic structures. Moreover, alignment techniques and thermal annealing are used to regulate molecular orientation and polymorphism in films. These structure characteristics offer great potential for researchers to handle film performances. Up to now, more attention has been paid to optimize the electrical performance of the devices. Achieving high-performance n-type conjugated polymer films with both superior mechanical and electrical properties is a newly emerging focus.     

Rh(I)-catalyzed intramolecular hetero-[4+2] cycloaddition of ω-alkynyl-vinyl oximes

Cationic rhodium(I) catalyst derived from [RhCl(cod)]₂ and AgSbF₆ in hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) efficiently catalyzed the formation of bicyclic pyridine derivatives by intramolecular hetero-[4+2] cycloadditions of ω-alkynyl-vinyl oximes.     

Syntheses of Conjugated Polymers for Photonics

Summary: By the Suzuki coupling reaction of 9,9-dioctyl-2,7-bis(1,3,2-dioxaborinan-2-yl)fluorene ( I ) and 3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl 2,5-dibromobenzenesulfonate ( II ) the alternating poly{[9,9-dioctylfluoren-2,7-diyl]-alt-[2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-phenoxysulfonyl)-1,4-phenylene]} ( III ) was synthesized. Alkaline hydrolysis of III gave a conjugated polyelectrolyte carrying sulfonic acid groups ( IV ). Monomers 2,5-dibromo-3-[2-(pyren-1-yl)vinyl]thiophene and 2,5-dibromo-3-[2-(quinolin-4-yl)vinyl)thiophene were prepared and copolymerized with I to afford poly{[9,9-dioctylfluoren-2,7-diyl]-alt-[3-(2-(pyren-1-yl)vinyl)thiophen-2,5-diyl]} ( V ) and poly{[9,9-dioctylfluoren-2,7-diyl]-alt-[3-(2-(quinolin-4-yl)-vinyl)thiophen-2,5-diyl] ( VI ), respectively. Conjugated backbone of V contains the conjugated pyrene unit in the side chain. Similarly the side chain of VI contains the conjugated quinoline structure unit which can be for instance protonated. By the Suzuki polycondensation reaction of I and of the prepared methyl 3-(2,7-dibromocarbazole-9-yl)propionate ( VII ) the new poly{[9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl]-alt-[9-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)carbazole-2,7-diyl]} ( VIII ) was synthesized and characterized.     

四氟乙烯齐聚体的反应——ⅤⅢ.2-(1''''-烯丙氧基)四氟乙基-3-三氟甲基-3-五氧乙基全氟-1-戊烯分子内[2+2]环化加成反应

氟烯烃分子间的[2+2]环化加成及氟烯烃和烯基化合物分子间的[2+2]环加成早有很好的总结。近年来,比较复杂的氟烯分子间的环化加成及其反应机理的研究也有很好的介绍,但有关分子的内[2+2]环化加成却很少报道。Brook 最近研究了1,3,4,5,6,7,8-     

Amino-Functionalization of Vinyl-Substituted Aromatic Diimides by Quantitative and Catalyst-Free Hydroamination**

Development of facile and versatile synthetic tools for decorating π-conjugated molecules has attracted considerable interest because of their potential application in creating novel functional π-systems. Reported herein are quantitative catalyst-free hydroamination reactions of a series of aromatic diimide compounds having vinyl groups at the π-core, which have been confirmed by NMR, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, mass analysis, and single-crystal X-ray structural analysis. Kinetic studies revealed that the hydroamination reaction of a vinyl-substituted naphthalenediimide with an aliphatic amine proceeded rapidly under benign conditions. Similarly, the two vinyl groups attached to aromatic diimides reacted with amines simultaneously, resulting in the formation of amine bisadducts and macromolecules. An amino group appended perylenediimide through an ethylene spacer at the π-core exhibited distinct fluorescence switching in response to acid and base.     

Total Syntheses of Daphenylline,Daphnipaxianine A,and Himalenine D

We report the total syntheses of daphenylline ( 1 ), daphnipaxianine A ( 5 ), and himalenine D ( 6 ), three Daphniphyllum alkaloids from the calyciphylline A subfamily. A pentacyclic triketone was prepared by using atom‐transfer radical cyclization and the Lu [3+2] cycloaddition as key steps. Inspired by the proposed biosynthetic relationship between 1 and another calyciphylline A type alkaloid, we developed a ring‐expansion/aromatization/aldol cascade to construct the tetrasubstituted benzene moiety of 1 . The versatile triketone intermediate was also elaborated into 5 and 6 through a C=C bond migration/aldol cyclization approach.     

A convenient ‘click chemistry’ approach to perylene diimide-oligonucleotide conjugates

Terminal alkyne-containing phosphoramidite and solid support were prepared and used for the synthesis of 5′- and 3′-alkyne-modified oligonucleotides. The copper-catalyzed Huisgen [3+2] cycloaddition reaction in water-DMSO was used for the efficient preparation of perylene diimide-oligonucleotide conjugates suitable for constructing various types of PDI-modified DNA duplexes.     

Rhodium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective [4+2] Cycloadditions of Vinylcarbenes with Dienes

The reaction of 2‐siloxycyclo‐1,3‐dienes with E‐vinyldiazoacetates in the presence of the bulky chiral dirhodium tetracarboxylate catalyst, Rh₂(R‐p‐PhTPCP)₄ results in an enantioselective [4+2] cycloaddition, in which three new stereogenic centers are formed. The [4+2] cycloadducts are generated as single diastereomers with high enantiocontrol (95–98 % ee). When the diene contains an additional stereogenic center, effective kinetic resolution can be achieved.     

[6+4] Cycloaddition reactions of acceptor thiophene dioxides: The synthesis of substituted azulenes

[6+4] Cycloaddition reactions of functionalized thiophene dioxides with various fulvenes provided the corresponding azulenes. The observed regiochemistry was explained in terms of the HOMO—LUMO orbital coefficients. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 137–142, January, 2006.     

Reactivity of allenoates toward aziridines: [3+2] and formal [3+2] cycloadditions

The reactivity of buta-2,3-dienoates toward aziridines is reported. Allenoates react as 2π-component in the [3+2] cycloaddition with the azomethine ylide generated from cis-1-benzyl-2-benzoyl-3-phenylaziridine affording 4-methylenepyrrolidines in a site-, regio-, and stereoselective fashion. Under conventional thermolysis, cis- and trans-2-benzoyl-1-cyclohexyl-3-phenylaziridines showed a different reactivity. These aziridines participate in formal [3+2] cycloadditions with allenes via C-N bond cleavage of the three-membered ring leading to functionalized pyrroles.     

Distortional Supramolecular Isomers of Polyrotaxane Coordination Polymers: Photoreactivity and Sensing of Nitro Compounds

Distortional isomers, or bond‐stretch isomers, differ only in the length of one or more bonds, which is due to crystallographic disorder in most cases. The term distortional isomerism is introduced to describe the structures of polyrotaxane 2D coordination polymers (CPs) that differ only by the relative positions in the neighboring entangled axles. A large ring and a long spacer ligand in 2D CPs yielded four different supramolecular isomers, of which two have an entangled polyrotaxane structure. One pair of C?C bonds in the spacer ligand is well‐aligned in one isomer and undergoes [2+2] cycloaddition reaction, whereas the other isomer is photoinert. They also have different sensing efficiency for several aromatic nitro compounds. However, both isomers show selective PL quenching for the Brady’s reagent. Structurally similar supramolecular isomers with different photochemical reactivity and sensing abilities appear to be unprecedented.     

三氮唑取代杯[4]芳烃配位聚合物的合成与荧光性能

利用四[1-(1, 2, 4-三氮唑基)甲基]间苯二酚杯[4]芳烃配体(TTR4A)在溶剂热的条件下合成了两个配位聚合物,[[Zn₂(TTR4A)(L)₂]·DMF·4H₂O]_n(化合物1) (DMF = N, N-二甲基甲酰胺)和[[Co(TTR4A)Cl₂]·DMA·H₂O]_n (化合物2) (H₂L = 4, 4’-联苯二甲酸) (DMA = N, N-二甲基乙酰胺)。通过单晶X射线衍射方法对这两个配位聚合物的结构进行了确定。利用红外、元素分析、粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)和热重表征手段对化合物1和2进行了表征。在化合物1中,四个L配体连接着四个Zn(Ⅱ)离子形成了环状的Zn₄L₄结构单元,该结构单元进一步地被TTR4A链接形成了一维链状结构。在化合物2中,TTR4A的四个三氮唑基团各连接一个Co(Ⅱ)离子形成二维层状结构。此外,我们对化合物1的荧光性能进行了研究,荧光测定表明固态条件下化合物1发出很强的荧光,并能够选择性地对Fe³⁺、Cr₂O₇²⁻和硝基苯分子产生响应。     

A Simple and Convenient Synthesis of Pyrazinones

Pyrazinones were synthesized by reacting mesoionic azlactone [2‐aryl‐4‐methyl‐Δ²‐oxaxolin‐5‐one] and 1,4‐diazabutadienes in good yields at room temperature.