Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Ethanol on Electrodcposited Palladium Electrode

Therearemanyinvestigationsabouttheelectrocatalyticoxldationofethanolontheelectrodeofplatinunlelectrode'-'.whicharemainlyinacidmedium.However.tothebestknowledgeoftheauthor.therearenoinvestigationsabouttheoxidatiollofethanolonpalladiumelectrode.letaloneonPd/GCelectrodepreparedbyelectrodeposition.Accordingtotheexperimentalresultsinthispaper,Pd/GCelectrodeismoreelectroactivetotheoxidationofethanolthantothatofmethanolinalkalinemedium(e.g.inI.0mol/LNaOH).basedontheiroxidationpeakpotentialswhicha…     

炭黑负载Pt-Sn双金属催化剂对乙醇的电催化氧化性能

采用一步还原法(乙二醇为还原剂)与两步还原法(在聚乙烯吡咯烷酮PVP保护下,先用硼氢化钠还原制备Sn溶胶,沉积Pt后用乙二醇还原)制备了炭黑负载Pt-Sn双金属催化剂,利用循环伏安法和计时电流法考察了催化剂制备方法、Pt/Sn原子比、溶液p H值、PVP/Sn质量比、反应介质等对乙醇室温电催化氧化活性和稳定性的影响.以X光衍射、透射电镜及电化学活性面积测定对所得催化剂进行了表征.发现引入Sn明显提高了Pt催化剂对乙醇的电催化活性与稳定性,两步还原法得到的Pt3Sn/C催化剂具有更小的颗粒尺寸,更大的电化学活性面积及更高的乙醇氧化活性与稳定性.与酸性介质相比,该催化剂在碱性介质中的电化学活性更好.     

钯原子修饰的金纳米颗粒乙醇氧化电催化剂

钯催化剂对碱性溶液的乙醇电催化氧化反应表现较好的催化活性. 本文通过简单的化学沉积法,将钯原子成功修饰到金纳米颗粒表面,制备的催化剂对乙醇电催化氧化反应表现出比钯更好的催化性能. 研究发现,钯原子不均匀地覆盖在金核表面,部分金原子暴露在外层. 制备的催化剂的峰电流密度是钯催化剂的4.6 倍,起始电势低100 mV. 该催化剂较好的催化性能可能归因于金核的电子效应和表面双功能电催化反应机制.     

电沉积制备钯铂电极上乙醇的电催化氧化

研究了乙醇在碱性介质（１．０ｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１ＮａＯＨ）中电沉积制备的Ｐｂ／ＧＣ、Ｐｔ／ＧＣ和Ｐｄ－ｐｔ／ＧＣ电极上的电催化氧化,实验结果表明：由此法制备的钯铂系列合金电极对乙醇的电催化氧化表现出明显的协同效应－乙醇的含钯原子分数ｙｐｄ＝０．３３６的ｐｄ－ｐｔ／ＧＣ合金电极上的节极交换电流密度是其在纯铂电极上的３０多倍。     

Pd-Ag合金纳米线的可见光辅助简易合成及其对乙醇的电催化氧化

以硝酸钯和硝酸银为金属前驱体,乙醇和柠檬酸钠作为还原剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮作为稳定剂和导向剂,以普通市售白炽灯作为光源,采用简易可见光辅助液相法合成了Pd-Ag合金纳米线。通过FESEM、TEM、HRTEM、PXRD和UV-Vis等技术对样品的形貌、晶体结构和光学性质进行了表征,并通过循环伏安法和计时电流法研究了Pd-Ag合金纳米线修饰玻碳电极对乙醇的电催化氧化。与相同条件下制备的纳米钯材料相比,Pd-Ag合金纳米线具有更好的电催化活性、抗中毒性和稳定性。     

Pd-Ag合金纳米线的可见光辅助简易合成及其对乙醇的电催化氧化

以硝酸钯和硝酸银为金属前驱体,乙醇和柠檬酸钠作为还原剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮作为稳定剂和导向剂,以普通市售白炽灯作为光源,采用简易可见光辅助液相法合成了Pd-Ag合金纳米线。通过FESEM、TEM、HRTEM、PXRD和UV-Vis等技术对样品的形貌、晶体结构和光学性质进行了表征,并通过循环伏安法和计时电流法研究了Pd-Ag合金纳米线修饰玻碳电极对乙醇的电催化氧化。与相同条件下制备的纳米钯材料相比,Pd-Ag合金纳米线具有更好的电催化活性、抗中毒性和稳定性。     

电沉积制备钯铂电极上乙醇的电催化氧化

研究了乙醇在碱性介质（１．０ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１ＮａＯＨ）中电沉积制备的Ｐｄ／ＧＣ、Ｐｔ／ＧＣ和Ｐｄ．Ｐｔ／ＧＣ电极上的电催化氧化．实验结果表明：由此法制备的钯铂系列合金电极对乙醇的电催化氧化表现出明显的协同效应─—乙醇在含把原子分数ｙｐｂ＝０．３３６的Ｐｄ－Ｐｔ／ＧＣ合金电极上的阳极交换电流密度是其在纯铂电极上的３０多倍．     

乙醇电催化氧化

乙醇作为典型的可再生绿色环保型能源,具有易储存和携带、较高的能量密度、易生产等优点而备受关注。本文详细介绍了近年来国内外乙醇电催化氧化研究的重要进展,着重叙述了乙醇电催化氧化的反应机理,不同催化剂材料对乙醇电氧化的优缺点,进一步探讨了影响乙醇电氧化反应活性和选择性的因素,总结了提高乙醇电氧化活性和选择性的策略,最后,对其今后可能的研究方向进行了展望。     

Ammonia Oxidation Enhanced by Photopotential Generated by Plasmonic Excitation of a Bimetallic Electrocatalyst

We study how visible light influences the activity of an electrocatalyst composed of Au and Pt nanoparticles. The bimetallic composition imparts a dual functionality: the Pt component catalyzes the electrochemical oxidation of ammonia to liberate hydrogen and the Au component absorbs visible light by the excitation of localized surface plasmon resonances. Under visible-light excitation, this catalyst exhibits enhanced electrochemical ammonia oxidation kinetics, outperforming previously reported electrochemical schemes. We trace the enhancement to a photochemical potential resulting from electron–hole carriers generated in the electrocatalyst by plasmonic excitation. The photopotential responsible for enhanced kinetics scales linearly with the light intensity—a general design principle for eliciting superlative photoelectrochemical performance from catalysts comprised of plasmonic metals or hybrids. We also determine a photochemical conversion coefficient.     

氢气泡模板法制备多孔镍用于电催化氧化乙醇

多孔镍通过同时在水溶液中析出氢气及还原镍离子电沉积生成,其在强碱溶液中对乙醇表现出良好的电催化氧化效果。 在1 mol/L KOH溶液中,多孔镍的电极反应为准可逆的β-氢氧化镍与β-羟基氧化镍之间质子耦合电子转移。 循环伏安图显示峰值电流密度与电势扫描速度平方根成线性关系,据此计算可得多孔镍的质子扩散系数值为2.92×10^-8 cm²/s,其高于块状镍体系的质子扩散系数值约4个数量级,这可能由真实表面积增大导致。 循环伏安法和计时电流法用来表征多孔镍对乙醇的电催化氧化能力,相对于(220)镍电极,多孔镍表现出更高的催化效率,计时电流法测量的催化反应速率常数为7.17×10³ cm³/(mol·s)。     

Ni-P-TiO2化学复合镀层电极的乙醇电催化氧化

于Ni-P镀液添加TiO2颗粒,用化学镀法在黄铜基底上制备不同TiO2含量的Ni-P-TiO2复合镀层电极.采用循环伏安法、线性扫描法、计时电流和交流阻抗法测定Ni-P-TiO2/Cu电极的电化学性能.结果表明:常温下Ni-P-TiO2/Cu电极在碱性溶液中对乙醇氧化有很高的电催化活性;Ni-P-TiO2电极上乙醇的电催化氧化活性随镀层TiO2量的不同而异;镀液中TiO2含量为5 g.L-1时,所得电极的电催化乙醇氧化的活性最佳.     

Platinum-Tin/Tin Oxide/CNT Catalysts for High-Performance Electrocatalytic Ethanol Oxidation

Ethanol is a promising liquid clean energy source in the energy conversion field. However, the self-poisoning caused by the strongly adsorbed reaction intermediates (typically, CO) is a critical problem in ethanol oxidation reaction. To address this issue, we proposed a joint use of two strategies, alloying of Pt with other metals and building Pt/metal-oxide interfaces, to achieve high-performance electrocatalytic ethanol oxidation. For this, a well-designed synthetic route combining wet impregnation with a two-step thermal treatment process was established to construct PtSn/SnO_x interfaces on carbon nanotubes. Using this route, the alloying of Pt−Sn and formation of PtSn−SnO_x interfaces can simultaneously be achieved, and the coverage of SnO_x thin films on PtSn alloy nanoparticles can be facilely tuned by the strong interaction between Pt and SnO_x. The results revealed that the partial coverage of SnO_x species not only retained the active sites, but also enhanced the CO anti-poisoning ability of the catalyst. Consequently, the H−PtSn/SnO_x/CNT-2 catalyst with an optimized PtSn−SnO_x interface showed significantly improved performances toward the ethanol oxidation reaction (825 mA mg_Pt⁻¹). This study provides deep insights into the structure-performance relationship of PtSn/metal oxide composite catalysts, which would be helpful for the future design and fabrication of high-performance Pt-based ethanol oxidation reaction catalysts.     

PdNi/Ni Nanotubes Assembled by Mesoporous Nanoparticles for Efficient Alkaline Ethanol Oxidation Reaction

The optimization of structure and composition is essential to improve the performance of catalysts. Herein, mesoporous nanoparticles assembled PdNi/Ni nanotubes (mPdNi/Ni NTs) are successfully fabricated using nickel nanowires as sacrificial template. The combination of nanotubular structure with mesoporous nanoparticle morphology can provide facilitated transfer channels and sufficient active sites, allowing the full contact and reaction between catalysts and reactants. Therefore, the synthesized mPdNi/Ni NTs exhibite superior ethanol oxidation performance to mesoporous Pd nanotubes and commercial Pd black. This study proposes a rational strategy for the development of nanoparticle assembled nanotubes with surface mesoporous morphology, which can greatly improve catalytic performance in various electrocatalytic fields.     

PdCoIr四面体合金纳米催化剂的制备及其对乙醇氧化的电催化性能

钯(Pd)基催化剂是直接乙醇燃料电池研究中广泛使用的催化剂,进一步提升其性能是推动燃料电池发展的重要方向.本文用一步水热法制备出四面体结构PdCo(PdCo tetrahedron,记为PdCo-TH)和少量铱(Ir)掺杂的PdCo四面体合金纳米粒子(记为PdCoIr-TH).经TEM、ICP、XPS 及CV 等表征证...     

金属-半导体异质结构纳米晶的可控制备和光谱调控

本文简要综述了金属-半导体异质结构纳米晶的设计、可控制备和物性研究的相关工作.设计了异相成核与生长、选择硫化和种子介导液相外延生长3种不同的方法并以此制备了多种金属-半导体异质结构纳米晶,对其中所涉及的反应机制进行了论述,并简要探讨了金属-半导体异质结构纳米晶的热稳定性、表面等离子共振活性、荧光特性以及异质界面的电荷转移和保持能力.     

金属钯插层类水滑石的制备及其电催化乙醇的性能研究

高性能的电催化剂对直接燃料电池的商业化应用有着至关重要的作用,目前的阳极材料还存在活性低、易中毒、成本高等问题。本研究以层状双氢氧化物(layered double hydroxides, LDHs)为载体通过浸渍法制备了新型纳米钯(Pd)催化剂,并通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、电感耦合等离子体质谱仪、能谱仪、透射电子显微镜、循环伏安法测试、计时电流测试和电化学阻抗等方法对催化剂的结构和电催化性能进行了研究。结果表明,新制备的Pd/Mg-Al-LDHs仍然保持着LDHs的层状结构,循环伏安测试表明在碱性条件下,Pd/Mg-Al-LDHs比Pd/C有更好的电催化乙醇活性和抗中间产物中毒性能,且乙醇浓度、扫描速率和温度等因素对峰电流有着直接影响。计时电流测试表明在电催化乙醇的过程中Pd/Mg-Al-LDHs比Pd/C拥有更高的电催化活性和稳定性。电化学阻抗测试表明,Pd插层可显著改善Mg-Al-LDHs的导电性,并降低电催化过程中电荷转移阻力。     

One‐Pot Synthesis of Carbon‐Supported Dendritic Pd‐Au Nanoalloys for Electrocatalytic Ethanol Oxidation

One‐pot synthesis of carbon‐supported Pd‐Au alloy nanoparticles with well‐defined dendritic shape (Pd‐Au_den/C) was achieved by co‐reduction of K₂PdCl₄/HAuCl₄ mixtures in a molar ratio of 1:1 with hydrazine in the presence of Vulcan XC‐72R. The prepared Pd‐Au_den/C exhibited significantly enhanced performance in the electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol compared with dendritic Pd nanoparticles and a commercial Pd/C catalyst. Pd‐Au_den/C even showed higher durability in electro‐oxidation of ethanol than the supported catalyst prepared by the deposition of presynthesized dendritic Pd‐Au nanoparticles on the carbon support. The experimental results clearly indicate that enhanced interaction between nanoparticle catalysts and carbon support through the one‐pot synthesis protocol can improve the durability of the electrocatalysts.     

等离子体增强上转换发光及其应用

稀土上转换纳米材料（UCNPs）是一类在近红外光激发下发出可见光的纳米材料。与有机荧光染料、量子点等发光材料相比,UCNPs具有化学稳定性高、光稳定性强、荧光寿命长、反斯托克斯位移大、发光谱带窄和光穿透深度大等诸多优点,在生物成像、传感器、激光器、光动力疗法和太阳能电池等领域有潜在的应用价值。但是由于UCNPs激活离子的吸收截面太小,导致其发光效率偏低,限制了UCNPs的进一步应用。因而如何提高上转换发光强度成为当前的研究热点。针对上述问题,本文系统阐述了金属表面等离子体共振（SPR）增强上转换发光领域的研究进展。首先介绍了SPR增强上转换发光的三种机制,随后重点介绍了化学法和物理法这两种SPR-UCNPs体系的构建方法以及其在太阳能电池、生物成像、生物检测、光热治疗和光催化等领域的应用。文章最后指出了SPR增强上转换发光领域存在的不足和未来的研究方向。     

High Temperature Electrochemical Oxidation of Ethanol Over Perovskite-Type Oxides

Ethanol oxidation was investigated in a solid electrolyte electrochemical reactor using a perovskite-type oxide La_0.6Sr_0.2Co_0.8Fe_0.2O₃ as anode. Experiments were conducted between 300–750°C at atmospheric pressure in an ytrria-stabilized-zirconia continuous stirred tank reactor using fuel-rich reactant mixtures.