Radiosynthesis and biodistribution of <Superscript>99m</Superscript>Tc-tricarbonyl complex of temafloxacin dithiocarbamate: a potential <Emphasis Type="Italic">Streptococci pneumoniae</Emphasis> infection radiotracer

Extraction of microamounts of cesium by nitrobenzene solutions of sodium dicarbollylcobaltate (Na⁺B⁻), potassium dicarbollylcobaltate (K⁺B⁻) and rubidium dicarbollylcobaltate (Rb⁺B⁻) in the presence of polypropylene glycol PPG 425 (L) has been investigated. The equilibrium data have been explained assuming that the complex species ML⁺ (M⁺ = Na⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺, Cs⁺; L = PPG 425) are present in the organic phase. The stability constants of the cationic complex species ML⁺ (M⁺ = Na⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺) in nitrobenzene saturated with water have been determined; they were found to increase in the series of Rb⁺ < K⁺ < Na⁺.     

Stability Constants of Some Univalent Cation Complexes of 2,3-Naphtho-15-crown-5 in Nitrobenzene Saturated with Water

The extraction of micro amounts of cesium by nitrobenzene solutions of sodium, potassium and rubidium dicarbollylcobaltates (M⁺B⁻;M⁺=Na⁺,K⁺,Rb⁺) has been investigated in the presence of 2,3-naphtho-15-crown-5 (N15C5, L). The equilibrium data were explained by assuming that ML⁺ and ML₂⁺ complexes (M⁺=Na⁺,K⁺,Rb⁺, Cs⁺; L=N15C5) were present in the organic phase. The stability constants of the complex species ML⁺ and ML₂⁺ have been determined in nitrobenzene saturated with water. It was found that the stability of the complex cation ML⁺ (where M⁺=Na⁺,K⁺,Rb⁺, Cs⁺; L=N15C5) in water-saturated nitrobenzene solutions increases along the series Cs⁺<Rb⁺<K⁺<Na⁺, whereas that of the species ML₂⁺ in the same medium increases in the order Cs⁺<Rb⁺<Na⁺<K⁺.     

Solvent extraction of cesium into nitrobenzene by using sodium,potassium and rubidium dicarbollylcobaltates in the presence of polypropylene glycol PPG 425

Extraction of microamounts of cesium by nitrobenzene solutions of sodium dicarbollylcobaltate (Na⁺B^?), potassium dicarbollylcobaltate (K⁺B^?) and rubidium dicarbollylcobaltate (Rb⁺B^?) in the presence of polypropylene glycol PPG 425 (L) has been investigated. The equilibrium data have been explained assuming that the complex species ML⁺ (M⁺ = Na⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺, Cs⁺; L = PPG 425) are present in the organic phase. The stability constants of the cationic complex species ML⁺ (M⁺ = Na⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺) in nitrobenzene saturated with water have been determined; they were found to increase in the series of Rb⁺ < K⁺ < Na⁺.     

Extraction distributions of microamounts of strontium and barium in the two-phase water-HCl-nitrobenzene-dibenzo-21-crown-7-hydrogen dicarbollylcobaltate system

Extraction of microamounts of strontium and barium by a nitrobenzene solution of hydrogen dicarbollylcobaltate (H⁺B⁻) in the presence of dibenzo-21-crown-7 (DB21C7, L) has been investigated. The equilibrium data have been explained assuming that the complexes HL⁺, ML²⁺, ML₂²⁺ and MHL₂³⁺ (M²⁺ = Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺) are extracted into the organic phase. The values of extraction and stability constants of the species in nitrobenzene saturated with water have been determined.     

Solvent extraction of microamounts of strontium and barium from water into nitrobenzene using hydrogen dicarbollylcobaltate in the presence of benzo-18-crown-6

Extraction of microamounts of strontium and barium by a nitrobenzene solution of hydrogen dicarbollylcobaltate (H⁺B⁻¹) in the presence of benzo-18-crown-6 (B18C6, L) has been investigated. The equilibrium data been explained assuming that the complexes HL⁺, ML²⁺, ML₂²⁺ and MHL₂³⁺ (M²⁺ = Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺) are extracted into the organic phase. The values of extraction and stability constants of the species in nitrobenzene saturated with water have been determined.     

Radon and progeny alpha-particle energy analysis using nuclear track methodology

Extraction of microamounts of cesium by nitrobenzene solutions of sodium, ammonium and thallium dicarbollylcobaltates (M⁺B⁻; M⁺ = Na⁺, NH₄⁺, Tl⁺) in the presence of benzo-15-crown-5 (B15C5, L) has been investigated. The equilibrium data have been explained assuming that the complexes ML⁺ and ML₂⁺ (M⁺ = Na⁺, NH₄⁺, Tl⁺; L = B15C5) are present in the organic phase. The stability constants of the complex species ML⁺ and ML₂⁺ in nitrobenzene saturated with water have been determined.     

Extraction of microamounts of calcium,strontium and barium into nitrobenzene by using hydrogen dicarbollylcobaltate in the presence of dibenzo-18-crown-6

Extraction of microamounts of calcium, strontium and barium by a nitrobenzene solution of hydrogen dicarbollylcobaltate (H⁺B⁻) in the presence of dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB18C6, L) has been investigated. The equilibrium data have been explained assuming that the complexes HL⁺, ML²⁺, ML₂²⁺ and MHL₂³⁺ (M²⁺ = Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺) are extracted into the organic phase. The values of extraction and stability constants of the species in nitrobenzene saturated with water have been determined.     

Extraction of microamounts of europium and americium by using hydrogen dicarbollylcobaltate in the presence of dibutyl diethylcarbamoylmethylene phosphonate

Extraction of microamounts of europium and americium by a nitrobenzene solution of hydrogen dicarbollylcobaltate (H⁺B⁻) in the presence of dibutyl diethylcarbamoylmethylene phosphonate (DBDECMP, L) has been investigated. The equilibrium data have been explained assuming that the complexes HL⁺, HL₂²⁺ ML₃³⁺ and ML₄³⁺ (M³⁺ = Eu³⁺, Am³⁺) are extracted into the organic phase. The values of extraction and stability constants of the species in nitrobenzene saturated with water have been determined.     

Extraction of microamounts of europium and americium into nitrobenzene by using hydrogen dicarbollylcobaltate in the presence of diphenyl-N-butylcarbamoylmethyl phosphine oxide

Extraction of microamounts of europium and americium by a nitrobenzene solution of hydrogen dicarbollylcobaltate (H⁺B⁻) in the presence of diphenyl-N-butylcarbamoylmethyl phosphine oxide (DPBCMPO, L) has been investigated. The equilibrium data have been explained assuming that the complexes HL⁺, HL₂⁺, ML₂³⁺, ML₃³⁺ and ML₄³⁺ (M³⁺ = Eu³⁺, Am³⁺) are extracted into the organic phase. The values of extraction and stability constants of the species in nitrobenzene saturated with water have been determined. It has been found that the stability constants of the corresponding complexes EuL _n ³⁺ and AmL _n ³⁺, where n = 2, 3, 4 and L is DPBCMPO, in water saturated nitrobenzene are comparable.     

Solvent extraction of microamounts of strontium and barium into nitrobenzene using hydrogen dicarbollylcobaltate in the presence of polyethylene glycol PEG 600

Extraction of microamounts of strontium and barium by a nitrobenzene solution of hydrogen dicarbollylcobaltate (H⁺B⁻) in the presence of polyethylene glycol PEG 600 (L) has been investigated. The equilibrium data have been explained assuming that the complexes HL⁺, H₂L²⁺, ML²⁺ and MHL³⁺ (M²⁺ = Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺) are extracted into the organic phase. The values of extraction and stability constants of the species in nitrobenzene saturated with water have been determined. It was found that in water-saturated nitrobenzene the stability constant of the BaL²⁺ cationic complex species is essentially higher than that of the complex SrL²⁺.     

Extraction of microamounts of europium and americium into nitrobenzene by using hydrogen dicarbollylcobaltate in the presence of N,N′-dibutyl-N,N′-dimethyl-2-(2-dodecyloxyethyl)-malonamide

Extraction of microamounts of europium and americium by a nitrobenzene solution of hydrogen dicarbollylcobaltate (H⁺B⁻¹) in the presence of N,N′-dibutyl-N,N′-dimethyl-2-(2-dodecyloxyethyl)-malonamide (DBDMDDOEMA, L) has been investigated. The equilibrium data have been explained assuming that the cations HL₂⁺, ML₂³⁺ and ML₃³⁺ (M³⁺ = Eu³⁺, Am³⁺) are extracted into the organic phase. The values of extraction and stability constants of the species in nitrobenzene saturated with water have been determined. It has been found that the stability constants of the corresponding complexes EuL _n ³⁺ and AmL _n ³⁺, where n = 2,3 and L is DBDMDDOEMA, in water saturated nitrobenzene are comparable.     

Extractive distribution of microamounts of europium and americium in the two phase water — HCl — nitrobenzene — N,N,N′,N′-tetraethyl-2,6-dipicolinamide — hydrogen dicarbollylcobaltate system

Extraction of microamounts of europium and americium by a nitrobenzene solution of hydrogen dicarbollylcobaltate (H⁺B⁻) in the presence of N,N,N′,N′-tetraethyl-2,6-dipicolinamide (TEtDPA, L) has been investigated. The equilibrium data have been explained assuming that the cations HL⁺, HL₂³⁺, ML₂³⁺ and ML₃³⁺ (M³⁺ = Eu³⁺, Am³⁺) are extracted into the organic phase. The values of extraction and stability constants of the species in nitrobenzene saturated with water have been determined. It has been found that the stability constants of the corresponding complexes EuL _n,org³⁺ and AmL _n,org³⁺, where n = 2, 3 and L is TEtDPA, in the mentioned medium are comparable.     

Extraction of europium and cerium into nitrobenzene by using hydrogen dicarbollylcobaltate in the presence of polyethylene glycol PEG 1000

Solvent extraction of microamounts of europium and cerium by a nitrobenzene solution of hydrogen dicarbollylcobaltate (H⁺B⁻) in the presence of polyethylene glycol PEG 1000 (L) has been investigated. The equilibrium data have been explained assuming that the species H₂L²⁺ and ML³⁺ (M³⁺ = Eu³⁺, Ce³⁺) are extracted into the organic phase. The values of extraction and stability constants of the complexes in nitrobenzene saturated with water have been determined. It was found that the stability constants of the cationic complex species EuL³⁺ and CeL³⁺ in water-saturated nitrobenzene are practically the same.     

Synergistic extraction of europium and americium into nitrobenzene by using hydrogen dicarbollylcobaltate and 1,2-(diphenylphosphino)ethane dioxide

Extraction of microamounts of europium and americium by a nitrobenzene solution of hydrogen dicarbollylcobaltate (H⁺B⁻) in the presence of 1,2-(diphenylphosphino)ethane dioxide (DPPEtDO, L) has been investigated. The equilibrium data have been explained assuming that the species HL⁺, HL₂ ⁺, ML₂ ³⁺ and ML₄ ³⁺ (M³⁺ = Eu³⁺, Am³⁺) are extracted into the organic phase. The values of extraction and stability constants of the species in nitrobenzene saturated with water have been determined. It was found that the stability constants of the corresponding complexes EuL _n ³⁺ and AmL _n ³⁺, where n = 2, 4 and L is DPPEtDO, in water-saturated nitrobenzene are comparable.     

Solvent extraction of microamounts of europium and americium into nitrobenzene by using synergistic mixture of hydrogen dicarbollylcobaltate and 1,2-(diphenylphosphino)ethylene dioxide

Extraction of microamounts of strontium and barium by a nitrobenzene solution of hydrogen dicarbollylcobaltate (H⁺B⁻) in the presence of dibenzo-24-crown-8 (DB24C8, L) has been investigated. The equilibrium data have been explained assuming that the species HL⁺, HL₂ ⁺, ML²⁺, ML₂ ²⁺ and MHL₂ ³⁺ (M²⁺ = Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺) are extracted into the organic phase. The values of extraction and stability constants of the complexes in nitrobenzene saturated with water have been determined. It was found that the stability constants of the cationic complex species BaL²⁺ and BaL₂ ²⁺ in the considered nitrobenzene medium are somewhat higher than those of the corresponding complexes SrL²⁺ and SrL₂ ²⁺.     

Solvent extraction of europium and americium into phenyltrifluoromethyl sulfone by using synergistic mixture of hydrogen dicarbollylcobaltate and “classical” CMPO

Extraction of microamounts of europium and americium by a nitrobenzene solution of hydrogen dicarbollylcobaltate (H⁺B⁻) in the presence of tetraisopropyl methylene diphosphonate [T(iPr)MDP, L] has been investigated. The equilibrium data have been explained assuming that the complexes HL⁺, HL₂ ⁺, ML₂ ³⁺, ML₃ ³⁺ and ML₄ ³⁺ (M³⁺ = Eu³⁺, Am³⁺) are extracted into the organic phase. The values of extraction and stability constants of the species in nitrobenzene saturated with water have been determined. It was found that the stability constants of the corresponding complexes EuL _n ³⁺ and AmL _n ³⁺, where n = 2, 3, 4 and L is T(iPr)MDP, in water-saturated nitrobenzene are comparable.     

Extraction of europium and cerium into nitrobenzene using synergistic mixture of hydrogen dicarbollylcobaltate and polyethylene glycol PEG 600

Solvent extraction of microamounts of europium and cerium by a nitrobenzene solution of hydrogen dicarbollylcobaltate (H⁺B⁻) in the presence of polyethylene glycol PEG 600 (L) has been investigated. The equilibrium data have been explained assuming that the complexes HL⁺, H₂L²⁺ and ML³⁺ (M³⁺ = Eu³⁺, Ce³⁺; L = PEG 600) are extracted into the organic phase. The values of extraction and stability constants of the species in nitrobenzene saturated with water have been determined. It was found that the stability constants of the EuL³⁺ and CeL³⁺ cationic complex species (L = PEG 600) in water-saturated nitrobenzene are the same.     

Stability of complexes of alkali metal cations with dibenzo-24-crown-8 in water saturated nitrobenzene

From extraction experiments and γ-activity measurements, the exchange extraction constants corresponding to the general equilibrium M⁺(aq)+NaL⁺(nb)⇄ML⁺(nb)+Na⁺(aq) taking place in the two-phase water-nitrobenzene system (M⁺=Li⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺, Cs⁺; L=dibenzo-24-crown-8; aq=aqueous phase, nb=nitrobenzene phase) were evaluated. Further, the stability constants of the ML⁺ complexes in nitrobenzene saturated with water were calculated; they were found to increase in the Cs⁺Rb⁺L⁺Na⁺ order.     

Development of multiple prompt gamma-ray analysis

From extraction experiments and γ-activity measurements, the exchange extraction constants corresponding to the general equilibrium M⁺(aq)+NaL⁺(nb)⇔ML⁺(nb)+Na⁺(aq) taking place in the two-phase water-nitrobenzene system [M⁺=Li⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺, Cs⁺; L = p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene-tetrakis (N, N-dimethylthioacetamide); aq = aqueous phase, nb = nitrobenzene phase] were evaluated. Furthermore, the stability constants of the ML⁺ complexes in water saturated nitrobenzene were calculated; they were found to increase in the cation order Cs⁺<Rb⁺<K⁺<Li⁺<Na⁺.     

Contribution to the thermodynamics of complexes of alkali metal cations with 18-crown-6 in the water—nitrobenzene extraction system

From extraction experiments and γ-activity measurements, the exchange extraction constants corresponding to the general equilibrium M⁺(aq)+NaL⁺(nb)⇄ML⁺(nb)+Na⁺(aq) taking place in the two-phase water-nitrobenzene system (M⁺=Li⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺, Cs⁺; L=18-crown-6; aq = aqueous phase, nb = nitrobenzene phase) were evaluated. The stability constants of the ML⁺ complexes in nitrobenzene saturated with water were calculated; they are found to increase in the cation order Cs⁺Li⁺Na⁺Rb⁺K⁺. Further, the individual extraction constants for the NaL⁺, KL⁺, RbL⁺ and CsL⁺ complex species in the wate-nitrobenzene system were determined; their values increase in the series Na⁺Rb⁺Cs⁺K⁺.