共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
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有关分散染料与超临界CO2二元体系的相平衡数据(溶解度)实验测定及模型关联,对超临界流体染色工艺基础研究及工业化至关重要。本文建立了高压溶解度测试实验装置,在温度353~393K、压力15~30MPa条件下,对分散红60在超临界CO2中的溶解度进行了测定。并利用zcan经验公式对实验结果进行关联,关联结果和实验结果吻合较好,最大误差为9.3%。结果表明:体系的压力、温度和混合物密度是影响分散染料在超临界CO2中溶解度的重要因素;可利用zcan经验公式对染料等固体物质在超临界CO2中的溶解度进行关联计算。 相似文献
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皮革的CO2超临界流体脱灰 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
浸灰和脱灰是皮革制造过程的重要工序。在浸灰工序中,通过高浓度石灰乳液对动物皮的长时间处理,使其纤维介质被溶解,胶原纤维得到分散。脱灰是其后续工序,目的是除去动物皮中吸附和沉积的Ca2+;调节pH值至中性并使其肿胀状态得以消除;促进鞣铬剂的发渗而与胶原纤维有效结合。常规制革工艺中,铵盐被广泛用作脱灰剂,其缺点是中和作用不充分不能有效除去Ca2+,Ca2+与动物油脂反应会产生“钙斑”,并产生令人不愉快的氨污染环境。而硼酸、甲酸、乙酸、柠檬酸等以单独或组合方式与铵盐一道用于脱灰[1]价格昂贵,还易引起裸皮的酸肿影响皮… 相似文献
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本文介绍了绿色化学发展方向之一,绿色溶剂的选择、使用,并重点介绍超临界二氧化碳的发现、发展、机理和应用。 相似文献
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通过原子转移自由基聚合制备了含甲氧基聚乙二醇(mPEG)、N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAM)和2-(二乙基氨基)甲基丙烯酸乙酯(PDMAEMA)的三嵌段共聚物。该共聚物具有较为明显的温度响应特征,并且温敏性的范围可以通过CO2进行调控。该三嵌段聚合物在水溶液中存在最低临界溶液温度(LCST),且该聚合物水溶液在CO2调节的LCST下具有各种聚集状态。随着温度的升高,三嵌段聚合物表现出双重LCST行为,并最终导致PNIPAM嵌段和PDMAEMA嵌段分别在各自相转变温度下收缩,聚合物的疏水性增强,出现收缩-收缩-聚集的三相变过程。CO2通过调控PDMAEMA嵌段中的叔胺基团电性,可以使聚合物的亲水性增强,使得三嵌段聚合物在较高温度下难以聚集,实现了CO2对聚合物相转变温度的调控。
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以三嵌段共聚物P123 (EO20-PO70-EO20)为模板剂合成了介孔泡沫氧化硅(MCF)材料. MCF经过五乙烯六胺(PEHA)修饰后用于捕捉CO2. 采用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、N2吸附-脱附、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、热重分析(TGA)对MCF和MCF-PEHA进行了表征. 结果表明, PEHA对MCF改性后, 并没有破坏MCF载体本身的结构. MCF-PEHA的CO2吸附量在75℃时达到最大. 随着PEHA含量的增加, MCF-PEHA的CO2吸附量呈先增大后减小的趋势, 当PEHA含量为70% (w)时, CO2吸附量达到最大, 为3.55 mmol·g-1. 水汽促进了吸附剂的CO2吸附性能. 研究结果还表明, MCF-70吸附剂经过四次吸脱附循环, 吸附性能基本保持不变, 表现出很好的可再生性能. 相似文献
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含O2高温高压CO2环境中3Cr钢腐蚀产物膜特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用高温高压反应釜分别开展3Cr钢在CO2和O2共存、单独CO2和单独O2三种气体条件下的腐蚀实验,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量色散X射线能谱(EDS)和电化学方法研究了3Cr钢在高温高压含有O2的CO2环境中的腐蚀产物膜特征.结果表明,在含有O2的CO2的条件下,3Cr钢表面腐蚀产物膜疏松多孔,主要成分为FeCO3、Fe3O4和Fe2O3,腐蚀产物中未见明显Cr元素富集,3Cr钢表现出点蚀的腐蚀形态.3Cr钢在高温高压含O2的CO2腐蚀条件下内外膜层电阻(Rf1、Rf2)和电荷传递电阻Rt均比仅含有CO2腐蚀环境的低,双电层电容(Cdl)和内外膜层电容(Cf1、Cf2)均比仅含有CO2腐蚀环境的高.含有O2的CO2条件下,其保护性显著低于单一CO2条件下形成的腐蚀产物膜.提出了在含O2的CO2气体条件下,3Cr钢表面存在由多种物质组成的腐蚀产物,这导致腐蚀产物疏松多孔,不会形成单一CO2条件下存在的显著提高腐蚀产物膜保护性的Cr(OH)3层,从而促进了3Cr钢的析氢腐蚀和酸性介质中的吸氧腐蚀的机理. 相似文献
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以P123为模板,1,2-二(三甲氧基硅基)乙烷(BTME)为硅源合成了介孔氧化硅纳米管(E-SNTs).将ESNTs经过聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)修饰后制得吸附剂用于捕捉CO2.对吸附剂进行了透射电镜(TEM)、物理吸附、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、热重分析(TGA)等表征.E-SNTs-PEI吸附剂的最佳CO2吸附温度为75°C.吸附剂的CO2吸附量随着PEI负载量的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势,其中50%为最佳负载量,此时吸附剂的吸附量最大为3.32 mmol·g-1.相比较SBA-15基吸附剂,E-SNTs基吸附剂具有更优异的吸附性能.在有水汽的存在下,吸附剂E-SNTs-50的CO2吸附量达到3.75 mmol·g-1.经过四次循环吸脱附实验测试E-SNTs-PEI吸附剂的稳定性能,结果表明其CO2吸附量基本不变,该吸附剂表现出较好的稳定性和可再生能力. 相似文献
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通过带负电荷的MnO2纳米片与带正电荷的Co-Ni层状双氢氧化物(LDHs)纳米片的静电自组装外加后续热处理合成了异质层状结构的MnO2/NiCo2O4复合物.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、拉曼光谱、原子吸收光谱(AAS)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对其结构和形貌进行了表征.用循环伏安(CV)、恒流充放电和电化学交流阻抗技术对其电化学性能进行了测试.研究结果表明,该方法制得的异质复合物具有多孔层状堆垛结构,这种特殊的结构不仅增大了电解液离子的接触面积,而且还为其嵌入-脱出提供了有效途径.该复合物在1 A·g-1电流密度时,-0.6-0.45 V电位窗口内的比电容达482 F·g-1,优于纯组分MnO2和NiCo2O4的电容性能. 相似文献
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研究了一些氧化物的H2-TPR及CO-TPR行为,结果发现,Co3O4/Al2O3,NiO/SiO2,NiO和Pd/NiO的H2-TPR温度要低于它们的CO-TPR温度,特别是Pd/NiO样品,它的H2-TPR温度为598K,而其CO-TPR温度高达949K,差别为351K,因此有可能利用Pd/NiO在一定温度下选择性地与CO中的H2反应而将其除去. 实验结果表明,Pd/NiO可在603K及4000h-1的条件下从H2(0.34%),CO(50%)和N2(余)的混合气中选择性地除去90%以上的H2,吸氢容量为每克样品55mL标准态H2. 相似文献
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A recent experimental determination[1] of the dissociation energies (D0) for H2N-H, H2N+-H and H2N-H+, the ionization energies for NH3 and NH2 resulted in large deviations when compared with those of the earlier values and the QCISD(T)/6-311+G(3df,2p) ab initio calculations. We have performed some higher level ab initio calculations on these data by utilizing the Gaussian 92/DFT and Gaussian 94 pakages of programs and have assessed the available experimental values. Our calculations were carried out at the QCISD (TQ)/aug-cc-pVDZ, G2(QCI), QCISD(T)/6-311 ++G(3df,3pd) and QCISD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ levels of theory. Geometries were optimized at both of the MP2(full)/6-31G(d) and the MP2(full)/6-31(d,p) levels, and were compared with those of the experiments if available. The MP2(full)/6-31G(d,p) tight-optimized geometries for the neutrals are closer to those of the experiments than those of the MP2 (full)/6-31G(d), and are in excellent agreement with the experimental results as shown in Table 1. In this case, we assumed that the optimized geometries for the cations would be better if p polarization functions are added to the hydrogen atoms. We firstly noted that the symmetry of the NH3+ cation was D3h, other than Cs. as reported in ref.[1]. All of the zero-point energies and the final geometries are calculated at the MP2(full)/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. We have also repeated the QCISD(T )/6-311 + G(3df,2p) calculations of ref. [1], because we could not identify their level of goemetry optimization. It is found that the total energy, -55.244 19 Hartrees, for NH2+(1A1 ) in ref.[1] might be in error. Our result is -55.336 29 Hartrees at the same level of theory. At our highest level [QCISD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ] of calculations as shown in Table 3, the D0 (temperature at zero Kelvin) values of H2N-H, H2N+-H(3B1for NH2+ ) and H2N- H+ are 4.51, 5.49 and 8.00 eV, respectively. These data reported in re f.[1] were 4.97, 5.59 and 8.41 eV, respectively. Our result on D0(H2N-H) supports the work of ref.[2,3,5,6]. The ionization energies (IE) for NH3 and NH2 (3B1 for NH2+) at our highest level are 10.11 and 11.09 eV while in ref.[1] were 10.16 and 10.78 eV, respectively. For the latter, our result supports the experiment of ref.[3]. Our predicted D0 for HN2+-H and IE for NH2 (1A1 for each NH2+) are 6.80 and 12.39 eV, respectively. These values differ greatly from the predicted values (9.29 and 14.88 eV) of ref.[1] where the total energy of NH2+(1A1) might be in error. The D0 value for HN-H has not been found in ref.[1]. Our result supports the work of ref.[3]. We have also derived all of these values at the temperature of 298K and under the pressure of 101kPa at several levels of thoery as shown in Table 3. On examining the experiment of ref.[1] in detail, it is easy to find that all of the larger deviations might be from a too high value of the appearance potential of proton AP(H+). Indeed, ref.[1] has mentioned that the determintion of AP(H+), due to kinetic shift, would lead to a hihger value for the dissociation energy as has been pointed out by Berkowitz and Ruscic. In this work, we concluded that, besides some mistakes in the theoretical calculations of ref.[1], the dissociation energies for H2N-H and H2N-H+,the IE for NH2 (3B1 for NH2+) might also be unreliable and need to be re-examined.
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The reaction dynamics of methylene radical CH2(X3B1) with N2O was investigated by Time-Resolved Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(TR-FTIRS). Pure CH2(X3B1) radicalwas produced via laser photolysis of ketene at 351 nm. Nascent viabrationally excited products CO, NO and HCN were observed. Some reaction pathways which may lead to these products were proposed and a possible reaction mechanism was outlined. 相似文献
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以间苯二甲醛和三聚氰胺为原料,通过Schiff碱缩合反应合成了密胺基多孔聚合物(POP),经高温炭化后得到富氮微孔炭(NMC).利用N2吸脱附和傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱表征了POP和炭化后产物NMC的结构和组成,与POP相比,NMC的官能团数量减少,比表面积和微孔孔容大幅增加.元素分析表明NMC含氮量高达12.5%(w).采用体积法测定了CO2、CH4和N2在NMC上的单组分吸附平衡等温线,NMC展示出良好的CO2吸附性能,298 K、100 kPa下CO2平衡吸附量可达2.34 mmol·g-1.双位Langmuir(DSL)模型和单位Langmuir(SSL)模型分别较好地描述了CO2、CH4和N2在NMC上的吸附平衡数据,在此基础上,应用理想吸附溶液理论(IAST)预测了双组分混合气在NMC上的吸附等温线,结果表明NMC对CO2-N2和CO2-CH4有非常高的CO2吸附选择性,分别为144.9和12.8. 相似文献