Effect of dust size distribution and dust charge fluctuation on dust ion-acoustic shock waves in a multi-ion dusty plasma

The effects of dust size distribution and dust charge fluctuation of dust grains on the small but finite amplitude nonlinear dust ion-acoustic shock waves, in an unmagnetized multi-ion dusty plasma which contains negative ions, positive ions and electrons, are studied in this paper. A Burgers equation and its stationary solutions are obtained by using the reductive perturbation method. The analytical and numerical results show that the height with polynomial dust size distribution is larger than that of the monosized dusty plasmas with the same dust grains, but the thickness in the case of different dust grains is smaller than that of the monosized dusty plasmas. Furthermore, the moving speed of the shock waves also depend on different dust size distributions.     

Effects of the dust size distribution on shock waves in dusty plasma

By using a Korteweg-deVries-Burgers(KdV-Burgers) equation and considering the dust size distribution, we have studied effects of the dust size distribution on the shock wave in dusty plasma. The dependence of characteristics of the shock wave on different dust size distributions has been given. It is found that the speed and amplitude of a shock wave considering the dust size distribution are larger than that of the dusty plasma with the averaged dust size. However, the width of a shock wave considering the dust size distribution is smaller than that of the dusty plasma with the averaged dust size.     

量子环中量子比特的性质

通过精确求解能量本征方程获得量子环的电子能态,并利用电子的基态和第一激发态构造一个量子比特.对InAs/GaAs量子环的数值计算表明：当环尺寸给定时,量子比特内电子的概率密度分布与坐标位置及时间有关,在环内中心位置处电子出现的概率最大,电子的概率密度随柱坐标内的转角作周期性变化,并且各个空间点处的概率密度均随时间做周期性振荡. 关键词： 量子环 能量本征方程 电子能态 量子比特     

Facilitated asymmetric exclusion

We introduce a class of facilitated asymmetric exclusion processes in which particles are pushed by neighbors from behind. For the simplest version in which a particle can hop to its vacant right neighbor only if its left neighbor is occupied, we determine the steady-state current and the distribution of cluster sizes on a ring. We show that an initial density downstep develops into a rarefaction wave that can have a jump discontinuity at the leading edge, while an upstep results in a shock wave. This unexpected rarefaction wave discontinuity occurs generally for facilitated exclusion processes.     

Molecular dynamics simulations of jet breakup and ejecta production from a grooved Cu surface under shock loading

Large-scale non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations are performed to explore the jet breakup and ejecta production of single crystal Cu with a triangular grooved surface defect under shock loading. The morphology of the jet breakup and ejecta formation is obtained where the ejecta clusters remain spherical after a long simulation time. The effects of shock strength as well as groove size on the steady size distribution of ejecta clusters are investigated. It is shown that the size distribution of ejecta exhibits a scaling power law independent of the simulated shock strengths and groove sizes. This distribution, which has been observed in many fragmentation processes, can be well described by percolation theory.     

HDPE在冲击压缩下的结构变化

 为了调查聚合物在冲击波作用下的结构变化,对HDPE受冲击样品进行回收,并分析了其晶体结构和熔融过程。发现冲击波的主要效应体现为对晶粒的破碎、细化和取向作用,对晶格结构几乎没有影响。样品的热行为可由晶体形态的变化解释。     

Shock wave-inertial microbubble interaction: methodology, physical characterization, and bioeffect study

A method of generating in situ shock wave-inertial microbubble interaction by a modified electrohydraulic shock wave lithotripter is proposed and tested in vitro. An annular brass ellipsoidal reflector (thickness = 28 mm) that can be mounted on the aperture rim of a Dornier XL-1 lithotripter was designed and fabricated. This ring reflector shares the same foci with the XL-1 reflector, but is 15 mm short in major axis. Thus, a small portion of the spherical shock wave, generated by a spark discharge at the first focus (F1) of the reflector, is reflected and diffracted by the ring reflector, producing a weak shock wave approximately 8.5 microseconds in front of the lithotripter pulse. Based on the configuration of the ring reflector (different combinations of six identical segments), the peak negative pressure of the preceding weak shock wave at the second focus (F2) can be adjusted from -0.96 to -1.91 MPa, at an output voltage of 25 kV. The preceding shock wave induces inertial microbubbles, most of which expand to a maximum size of 100-200 microns, with a few expanding up to 400 microns before being collapsed in situ by the ensuing lithotripter pulse. Physical characterizations utilizing polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane hydrophone, high-speed shadowgraph imaging, and passive cavitation detection have shown strong secondary shock wave emission immediately following the propagating lithotripter shock front, and microjet formation along the wave propagation direction. Using the modified reflector, injury to mouse lymphoid cells is significantly increased at high exposure (up to 50% with shock number > 100). With optimal pulse combination, the maximum efficiency of shock wave-induced membrane permeabilization can be enhanced substantially (up to 91%), achieved at a low exposure of 50 shocks. These results suggest that shock wave-inertial microbubble interaction may be used selectively to either enhance the efficiency of shock wave-mediated macromolecule delivery at low exposure or tissue destruction at high exposure.     

环形障碍物-轴棱锥产生局域空心光束

提出一种产生局域空心光束(bottle beam)的新方法,它是在传统的轴棱锥底面上放置一个环形障碍物.平面波入射到带有环形障碍物的轴棱锥底面时,将在轴棱锥产生的最大无衍射距离内形成bottle beam,而在bottle beam的前后仍然保持无衍射贝塞尔光.通过变化障碍物大小及轴棱锥底角实现bottle beam尺寸的控制.利用衍射理论描述了平面波经带有环形障碍物的轴棱锥产生bottle beam的原理,分析和模拟了传输过程中不同位置的截面光强分布及整个过程的三维光强分布,并给出相关的实验结果.研究结果对bottlebeam的实际应用具有积极的意义.     

特殊结构的多臂量子环的持续电流

提出了中臂弯曲的多臂量子环模型,且是上臂最短和下臂最长的不等臂量子环.研究发现：总磁通为零时,持续电流随半导体环增大发生非周期性振荡,并与电极的磁矩方向及隧穿电子的自旋方向相关,下臂因为最长而获得最小的平均持续电流.AB磁通增强时,持续电流会发生周期性振荡,各臂之间明显出现相互制约的现象.各臂持续电流之间的差异与臂长和磁通分布相关,Rashba自旋轨道耦合具有改变持续电流相位和相位差的效应.在一定条件下,两种波函数所对应的持续电流是可分离的. 关键词： 多臂量子环 持续电流 Rashba自旋轨道耦合     

冲击波作用下多组分粉体的细化与均化研究

 研究了冲击波作用下Al-C、Al-Si和Si-C三种粉体的细化与均化情况。结果表明,冲击波对微米级粉体有明显的细化和均化作用,各组分的细化程度与其晶体结构和力学特性有关,其中,冲击波作用后的Si-C粉体粒度达到300 nm以下。     

硬X射线焦斑环孔编码成像的理论与实验研究

针对几十~百keV能量的低强度X射线焦斑源测量,建立了高探测效率环孔编码成像技术。研究给出了环孔成像效率和信噪比与环孔结构参数的关系,采用微联结的环孔结构设计并模拟了联结区尺寸对成像质量的影响,解决了环孔结构同轴成像技术难题。所建立环孔成像系统应用于Unique-II X射线焦斑源成像实验。结果表明,X射线焦斑的空间分布近似为‘马鞍’形状,而且中间部分的强度低于两侧的强度,与针孔成像结果相似,但环孔的探测效率明显高于针孔的效率。最后,分析了维纳滤波与R-L两种复原图像方法的效果。     

ӲX���߽��߻��ױ�������������ʵ���о�

Ring coded imaging technology with high detection efficiency was put forward to diagnose space distribution for low intensity X-ray spot with several tens to hundred of keV. In this paper, the relations of detection efficiency and signal – noise ratio varied with the ring geometric parameters were researched. The coaxial imaging technology was resolved by employing the design of local micro joins on the ring aperture, and simulating the influence of micro joint area size on imaging quality. The ring aperture imaging system was developed and the Unique-II X-ray spot imaging experiment was implemented. The results show that the space distribution of the X-ray spot is approximate a ‘saddle’ shape, and the intensity in the middle part is lower than both sides along the long axis of the elliptical surface; this conclusion is consistent with pin-hole image; the detection efficiency of ring is evidently more than that of pin. Finally, the effects of and the R-L method and Wiener method used to restore the image are analyzed.     

冲击波阵面后温度的传导问题

 证明了在一般不计辐射的冲击波阵面后，存在一个热传导波，它的波速完全和冲击波的一致，但阵面后的温度分布有其自己的规律。     

鄱阳湖高浑浊水体悬浮颗粒物粒径分布及其对遥感反演的影响

悬浮颗粒物粒径分布特征为水环境结构与功能研究提供了重要信息,但目前针对内陆湖泊的研究还很少。依据2008年—2011年鄱阳湖丰枯水期实测数据,对悬浮颗粒物粒径分布的时空特征及光学特性进行了研究。鄱阳湖悬浮颗粒物粒径具有季节性变化特点：枯水期南部湖区颗粒物粒径大于北部湖区,而丰水期南北部湖区差异不大。同时,悬浮颗粒物粒径分布对水体吸收系数、衰减系数和散射系数都有影响。鄱阳湖水体总颗粒物吸收系数北部观测值高于南部;颗粒物中值粒径与总颗粒物比吸收系数呈负相关关系,这可能是由浑浊水体中存在的矿物颗粒物打包效应引起。鄱阳湖水体总颗粒物衰减系数和散射系数的时空分布规律相似：枯水期具有明显的区域性差异而丰水期区域性差异不大。遥感反射率、总颗粒物散射系数光谱斜率以及颗粒物粒径分布斜率之间的函数关系为遥感反射率表征粒径分布情况以及定量分析悬浮颗粒物粒径分布特征对遥感反射率的影响提供了依据。悬浮颗粒物粒径分布、颗粒物后向散射概率与颗粒物复折射率密切相关,可以反映鄱阳湖水体悬浮颗粒物组分信息。     

考虑底充胶固化过程的InSb面阵探测器结构分析模型

液氮冲击中In Sb面阵探测器的易碎裂特性制约着探测器的成品率,建立适用于面阵探测器全工艺流程的结构模型是分析、优化探测器结构的有效手段.本文提出了用底充胶体积收缩率来描述底充胶在恒温固化中的体积收缩现象,同时忽略固化中底充胶弹性模量的变化来建立底充胶固化模型,给出了底充胶在恒温固化中生成的热应力/应变上限值.借鉴前期提出的等效建模思路,结合底充胶固化后的自然冷却过程和随后的液氮冲击实验,建立了适用于In Sb面阵探测器全工艺流程的结构分析模型.探测器历经底充胶固化、自然冷却至室温后的模拟结果与室温下拍摄的探测器形变分布照片高度符合.随后模拟液氮冲击实验,得到面阵探测器中累积的热应力/应变随温度的演变规律,热应力/应变值极值出现的温度区间与液氮冲击实验结果相符合.这表明所建模型适用于预测不同工艺阶段中面阵探测器的形变分布及演变规律.     

微喷射粒子团簇探测算法及其应用

在团簇多重标号技术基础上,提出了团簇探测的新算法,并以此作为大尺度二维和三维分子动力学模拟冲击加载金属材料微喷射粒子团簇分析的子程序.以二维为例描述了算法的逻辑结构,测试分析了算法的运行效率,并将其应用到二维分子动力学模拟冲击加载金属Cu和Al微喷射粒子的团簇统计分析中,对微喷射粒子团簇尺寸分布得到一些规律性认识.     

Experimental and numerical study of the tantalum single crystal spallation

Using X-microtomography and non equilibrium classical molecular dynamics, we present a study of the elementary processes of spallation of single crystal tantalum. The single crystal is illuminated by a laser pulse which induces the propagation of a strong unsustained shock. The analysed data mainly are number and shape of pores resulting from the tensile inside the material when the incident shock reflects on the opposite face. Experimental pores size distribution exhibits two power laws attributed to the growth and the coalescence stages. The average pore shape is ellipsoid with main axis along the shock axis propagation. This first part is completed by a large scale molecular dynamics simulation mimics at reduced scale the real experiment. After preliminary calculations validating the chosen potential function the formation and shock propagation is detailed. Then we extract from the simulation similar data than in experiment. The pores size distribution shows three power laws identified as the nucleation, the growth and the coalescence stages. The slopes of the two last stages are very similar to the experimental one, confirming the scale invariance of this data as suggested by their analytical form. The general pore shape also is close to the experiment shape but with a different orientation (perpendicular to the shock propagation axis).     

三维介观超导环的涡旋结构

在Ginzburg-Landan理论的框架下, 运用有限差分法研究了在圆环电流产生磁场下的介观超导圆环内的涡旋结构, 讨论了超导圆环尺寸和不同空间分布的磁场对涡旋形成的影响, 得到在一般超导圆环体内的基态多是巨涡旋态、而多涡旋态多以激发态形式存在的结论, 说明磁场一般从超导圆环的环孔穿过, 而很难穿过超导圆环体.     

HER磁镜装置中Hα测量及结果

本文描述HER磁镜中Ha面发光度时空分布的测量,发现等离子体发光,扰动,工作模式等呈环状结构;一个良好的热电子环可以抑制扰动环区的低频扰动。