Dissolution of molybdenum-silicon (-boron) alloys using a mixture of sulfuric, nitric and hydrofluoric acids and a sequential correction method for ICP-AES analysis

For the major component analysis of Mo-Si (-B) alloys by ICP-AES, an appropriate dissolution method is necessary. The general procedure using a HNO₃-HF mixture cannot be applied for Mo-Si (-B) alloys due to Si volatilization followed by violent reaction and due to MoO₂ precipitation in the preparation of a Mo standard solution from metallic Mo. Good results were obtained with a mixture of 10 mL H₂SO₄, 1 mL HNO₃, 2 mL HF and 12 mL H₂O for Mo-Si (-B) alloys. The samples were completely dissolved at room temperature without any losses. A sequential correction method is also suggested to correct several errors in ICP-AES analysis such as ?uctuation in the emission intensities, spectral interferences, non-spectral interferences and blank values.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定REACH法规涉及产品中铅、铬、钴、砷、锡、铝、锆、钼和硼

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法对REACH法规涉及产品中铅、铬、钴、砷、锡、铝、锆、钼和硼的含量进行测定。0.2g样品经微波消解处理,聚合物材质试样以8mL硝酸和2mL过氧化氢为消解试剂;无机非金属材质试样以6mL硝酸、2mL过氧化氢和2mL氢氟酸为消解试剂。各元素的方法检出限均低于15mg·kg-1。方法的加标回收率在82.4%～108%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)在3%～6%之间。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定镍基单晶高温合金中Mo、W、Ta、Re、Ru时元素之间相互干扰的消除与校正的研究

称取镍基单晶高温合金0.100 0g于聚四氟乙烯烧杯中,先令其与盐酸9mL和硝酸1mL加热反应,待反应缓慢时滴加氢氟酸2mL并继续加热使样品完全溶解。加入500g·L^-1酒石酸溶液2mL,冷却至室温,在塑料容量瓶中加水定容至100.0mL。按仪器工作条件采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定其中5种合金元素(Mo、W、Ta、Re、Ru)的含量,选择分析谱线依次为204.598,207.911,240.063,197.312,240.272nm。结果发现:除了Re外,其余4种元素的测定中均受共存元素的光谱干扰,严重影响了测定结果的准确性。为克服其干扰,除了采用基体匹配法消除镍的基体干扰外,试验采用混合校正系数矩阵法对测定结果进行校准。通过一系列试验计算得到混合校准系数矩阵K,并应用于模拟样品的分析。结果表明:经过矩阵K的校准,所测定的5种元素的准确度显著提高,达到了消除共存元素之间光谱干扰的目的。通过精密度试验,测得上述5种元素测定值的相对标准偏差(n=11)均在1.5%以下,并通过标准加入法进行回收试验,测得5种元素的回收率为97.0%~105%。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定70钛铁中锰、磷、铜、铬、镍、钼、钒和铝

提出了用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定70钛铁中共存的8种杂质元素(锰、磷、铜、铬、镍、钼、钒、铝)。试验表明:试样宜用浓盐酸3mL及浓硝酸3mL溶解,且在制作工作曲线时应加入相同量的酸溶解基体金属(即所加入的纯铁粉和纯钛粉),所选用的8种元素的分析谱线均为检出限低、且光谱干扰小或易于扣除者。制作工作曲线时采用基体匹配法,从而消除基体干扰,方法中8种元素的检出限(3s/b)在0.002～0.02mg·mL-1范围内。按所提出方法分析了一个70钛铁标样(YSBC15602),共测定了11次,上述8种元素的测定结果与已知值相符,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=11)在0.74%～4.11%范围内。     

Determination of total chromium in tannery waste water by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, flame atomic absorption spectrometry and UV-visible spectrophotometric methods

The determination of total chromium in different streams of tannery effluents were carried out by the digestion of samples in a HNO(3)/H(2)SO(4) mixture followed by KMnO(4) oxidation, which resulted in the complete conversion of Cr(III) to Cr(VI). The Cr(VI) (Cr(2)O(7)(2-)) species present in these samples were estimated by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) and UV-visible spectrophotometry (1,5-diphenyl carbazide method). The results obtained from these methods were critically evaluated. UV-visible spectrophotometry was found to be better suited for this analysis when compared with the other two methods. Since these solutions contain relatively high concentrations of chromium (200-2400 mg/l), the need for preconcentration did not arise. The higher values obtained in the case of ICP-AES and FAAS methods can be attributed to the matrix effect arising out of high concentration of mineral acids and electrolytes. In addition, the values obtained in the latter methods (ICP-AES and FAAS) are comparable with each other, indicating that the interferences influence the results almost equally in both techniques. The statistical treatment of data indicates that the differences between the methods are within the acceptable range.     

Application of high-surface-area ZrO2 in preconcentration and determination of 18 elements by on-line flow injection with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

A flow-injection analysis (FIA) system incorporating a micro-column of ZrO2 has been used for the development of an on-line multi-element method for the simultaneous preconcentration and determination of Al, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, In, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Tl, V, Sb, Sn, and Zn by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The conditions for quantitative and reproducible preconcentration, elution, and subsequent on-line ICP-AES determination were established. A sample (pH 8) is pumped through the column at 3 mL min(-1) and sequentially eluted directly into the ICP-AES with 3 mol L(-1) HNO3. With a sample volume of 100 mL and an elution volume of 1 mL signal enhancement 100 times better than for conventional continuous aspirating systems was obtained for the elements studied. The reproducibility (RSD %) of the method at the 10 ng mL(-1) level in the eluate is acceptable - less than 8% for five replicates. Recoveries between 95.4% and 99.9% were obtained for the elements analysed. ZrO2, with a specific surface area of 57 m2 g(-1) and a capacity of approximately 5 mg g(-1) for the elements studied, was synthesized by hydrolysis of ZrCl4. The preconcentration system was evaluated for several simple synthetic matrices, standard water samples and synthetic seawater. The effect of foreign ions on the efficiency of preconcentration of the elements studied was investigated. The application of a micro-column filled with high-surface-area ZrO2 and flow injection inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry enables preconcentration and simultaneous determination of 18 elements at low concentrations (ng L(-1)) in different water samples.     

On the microwave digestion of soils and sediments for determination of lanthanides and some toxic and essential elements by inductively coupled plasma source mass spectrometry

Four digestion procedures for microwave dissolution of soils and sediments are investigated. Accurate results (accuracy better than 10%) for lanthanides, Be, Bi, Te, Th, U and Y are obtained only after an overnight stay with a mixture of 2 ml 48% HF and 2 ml 65% HNO(3) and afterwards stepwise microwave digestion with 1 ml 48% HF and 10 ml 5% H(3)BO(3). Only As is not be to be determined by this procedure due to significant interferences from Eu, Nd and Sm. For all other elements, accurate results are obtained by all four procedures.     

微波消解样品-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定铅精矿中铅、砷、镉、汞

采用微波消解样品-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定铅精矿中主体元素铅及有毒有害元素砷、镉、汞的含量。0.20g试样置于消解罐中,先后加入硝酸9mL、盐酸3mL、氟硼酸2mL及过氧化氢2.5mL,密闭罐盖按设定的微波消解程序进行消解。试验选择铅、砷、镉和汞的分析线分别为220.351,189.042,228.802,184.950nm以消除基体干扰。铅、砷、镉、汞的检出限分别为16.0,2.2,0.4,0.8μg.g-1。方法用于铅精矿标准样品(GBW 07617)和铅精矿实际样品分析,此方法的测定值与认定值及原子吸收光谱法或原子荧光光谱法的测定值相一致。方法的相对标准偏差(n=10)在0.15%～3.9%之间。     

A simple vapour phase decomposition (VPD) of quartz powder in a polypropylene vessel and determination of phosphorus by spectrophotometry

A simple, low pressure, low temperature vapour phase decomposition (VPD) of quartz powder has been developed for the determination of phosphorus. A platinum dish containing the quartz or silicon powder was placed inside a polypropylene vessel containing 40 ml of 1:1 mixture of HF and HNO(3). After capping the vessel, the entire assembly was heated on a water bath at approximately 90 degrees C for 8 h. The platinum dish was removed from the vessel, the sample solution was treated with 0.5 ml of H(2)SO(4) and 0.5 ml of HClO(4) and was heated on a hot plate till HClO(4) fumed out. The resultant solution was diluted to 40 ml ( approximately 0.4N), analysed for phosphorus by spectrophotometry as an ion-pair of molybdophosphate with crystal violet. Phosphorus contamination by reagents has been drastically reduced (around 250 times) compared to the conventional dissolution procedure. The optimum reaction conditions were [H(+)]=0.42N, [H(+)]/Mo=62 for the formation of molybdophosphate and its extraction into n-butyl acetate. No interferences due to fluoride, silicate (active silica) and arsenic (V) upto 6.7x10(3),2.7x10(3) and 2.0x10(3) times the content of phosphorus, respectively were observed. The LOD was found to be 0.066 mug g(-1) (+/-3 s). RSD is 0.4-2.3% and the molar absorptivity is 2.7x10(5) l mole(-1) cm(-1).     

微波消解样品-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定锰矿中铝、镁、磷

锰矿样品在密闭的消解罐中用盐酸、硝酸、过氧化氢及氢氟酸在微波消解仪中进行消解,所得溶液移入聚四氟乙烯容量瓶中,加水定容至100mL供电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法分析用。此方法中不采用加入硼酸络合过剩的氢氟酸,以避免因加入硼酸而引起的干扰。为抵消基体干扰,在制备标准曲线时于各试液中加入一定量的锰(Ⅱ)溶液。选择测定铝、镁及磷的分析谱线依次为396.152,280.270,185.942nm。应用此方法分析了2件锰矿标准物质,测得上述3种元素的测定结果与认定值相符,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=11)在0.63%～1.18%之间。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定不锈钢中8种合金元素

采用硝酸-盐酸-水(1+3+6)混合酸溶液溶解不锈钢样品,用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定试样溶液中铬、镍、铜、锰、磷、硅、钼和钛等8种合金元素。选择钇元素作为内标元素,选择波长为357.869,231.604,327.396,257.610,178.284,251.611,202.030,337.280 nm8条谱线依次作为铬、镍、铜、锰、磷、硅、钼和钛的分析线。方法用于分析了12种标准物质,测定值同证书值一致,各元素的相对标准偏差(n=7)均小于5.5%。     

Collection efficiency of metallic contaminants on si wafer by vapor-phase decomposition-droplet collection.

The collection efficiency of metallic contaminants on four different types of silicon wafers was investigated. P, p+, n and n(+)-type polished silicon wafers were used for the substrate, and 14 metallic elements (Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Cr, Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo and Ti) were contaminated on silicon wafer surface. Vapor-phase decomposition-droplet collection (VPD-DC) was employed as the sample preparation procedure. For the collecting solution, HNO3, HF and a mixture of HF and H2O2 were used, respectively. A liquid droplet collecting metallic contaminants during VPD-DC was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). As a result, it was found that HNO3 and HF were not suitable for collecting Cu. Copper was not collected completely in HNO3 and HF. A mixture of HF and H2O2 is the most effective to collect all of the tested metallic elements, regardless of the dopant concentration and type of substrate.     

Selective extraction of uranium from a mixture of metal or metal oxides by a tri-n-butylphosphate complex with HNO(3) and H(2)O in supercritical CO(2).

In order to study the decontamination nature of the reactive extraction of uranium in the presence of some metal chemicals using a single-phase mixture of HNO(3), H(2)O and tri-n-butylphosphate (TBP) in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO(2)), we measured the decontamination factors (DFs) of Sr, Zr, Mo, Ru, Pd, Ce and Nd from their mixture with U. These elements were originally added to U(3)O(8) as SrO, ZrO(2), MoO(3), RuO(2), Pd, CeO(2) and Nd(2)O(3), and the extraction was performed at 18 MPa and 323 K with the single-phase mixture. The DFs for these elements were determined to be greater than 10(3) when the molecular ratio of U to TBP in the extracted complex was greater than 0.3. Dilution by SC-CO(2) effectively increased the DFs.     

Comparison of sample preparation procedures for the determination of trace heavy metals in house dust, tobacco and tea samples by atomic absorption spectrometry

The effect of wet ashing, dry ashing and microwave procedure for the determination of trace metal levels was investigated in house dust, tobacco and tea samples by atomic absorption spectrometry. The study of sample preparation procedures showed that the microwave method was the best. The recovery of trace metals was very good and precision and accuracy were compatible with standard reference material. The relative standard deviations for all measured metal concentrations were lower than 10%. The digestions of HNO3/H2SO4/HClO4 (4: 1: 1) mixture for house dust, HNO3/H2SO4/H2O2 (2: 2: 2) mixture for tea and HNO3/H2O2 (4: 2) mixture for tobacco were very efficient.     

微波消解样品-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定竹叶中9种必需微量元素

竹叶样品置于聚四氟乙烯罐中,加入硝酸及过氧化氢后在微波消解仪中按设定程序加热消解。所得样品溶液定容至25mL后用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定其中铬、锌、镍、钴、铁、硼、锰、铜和锶等9种元素的含量。9种元素的质量浓度在0.05～2.00mg.L-1范围内与其发射强度呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3s)在0.04～0.50μg.g-1之间。方法应用于分析了一种杨树叶标准物质(GBW 07604),所得9种元素的测定结果与证书值相符。方法的回收率在87.0%～107.6%之间。     

Spectrochemical and thermal analysis of Al-tetrabromophthalate and tetrabromophthalic anhydride. A comparison of methods for determination of aluminium

A sequential inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) was used to determine Al content in Al-tetrabromophthalate (Al-TBP). Four emission lines of Al (I) at 309.271, 396.152, 308.215 and 394.401 nm were compared. The microwave mineralisation was carried out by using a two-step digestion procedure and HNO(3)-H(2)SO(4). The thermal analysis of Al-TBP and tetrabromophthalic anhydride (TBPA) was performed in the air atmosphere. Statistical tests applied (t-test, F-test) showed no significant differences between the Al results obtained by ICP-AES and thermal method of analysis.     

Selective removal of metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes with small diameters by using nitric and sulfuric acids

Coexistence of metallic and semiconducting carbon nanotubes has often been a bottleneck in many applications and much fundamental research. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were dissolved in HNO3/H2SO4 mixture to confirm differing reactivity between metallic (m) and semiconducting (s) SWCNTs. With HNO3/H2SO4 treatment, s-SWCNTs remained intact, while m-SWCNTs were completely removed for SWCNTs with small diameters less than 1.1 nm, which was confirmed by resonant Raman and optical absorption spectra. We also showed that nitronium ions (NO2+) dissolved in the HNO3/H2SO4 solution could preferably attack the m-SWCNTs, which was supported by our theoretical calculation. This clear selectivity can be explained by the preferential adsorption of positively charged NO2+ on m-SWCNTs due to more available electron densities at the Fermi level in the m-SWCNTs. We report for the first time a selective removal of small-diameter m-SWCNTs by using HNO3/H2SO4 solution, which presented a striking contrast to the diameter-selective removal of SWCNTs by oxidative etching reported previously.     

镁同位素分析技术应用于葡萄酒辨别的探索研究

建立了阳离子树脂富集镁的方法.以1 mol/L HNO3为淋洗液、AG W50-X8阳离子树脂富集镁.方法回收率为(101.6±1.2)％.以H2 (2.1 mL/min)、He(7.0 mL/min)混合碰撞气消除12C12 C+,12C21H+等干扰的MC-ICP-MS分析方法.分析了40种葡萄酒中镁同位素组成,结果表明:不同产地葡萄酒中镁同位素组成差异明显;而且,来自同一产区不同葡萄园的葡萄酒中镁同位素组成也有显著差异.这表明镁同位素具有区分不同产地葡萄酒的能力,而且地理分辨率较高.对于部分镁同位素组成差异不明显的样品,结合元素分析手段,可以准确区分.     

湿式消化-ICP-AES法测定航空润滑油中镍钛镁铬钼锡

研究采用硝酸-高氯酸混合酸湿式消化法,建立ICP-AES法同时测定航空润滑油中痕量金属元素镍、钛、镁、铬、钼、锡。样品消化完全、快速,检出限分别为(μg．L^-1)：镍4．1、钛2．1、镁4．2、铬3．2、钼3．6、锡24．4,RSD小于5％,回收率为96．0％～104．0％。     

ICP-AES法测定10种蒙成药中四种重金属元素的含量

目的测定十种蒙成药中As、Pb、Hg、Cd 4种重金属元素的含量。方法采用V（HNO3）＋V（H2O2）=5＋3为溶样试剂,微波消解与电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪联用。结果表明测定的各元素检出限介于0.048-1.036μg·L^-1之间,加标回收率在94.5%-103.6%之间,RSD〈2.4%。结论该法简单、快速、准确,适合同时测定食品中的元素。