pH 响应P(AM-co-AA)/PAAC 半互穿网络微凝胶的合成及表征

在反相微乳液体系中,合成了 pH 响应的聚丙烯酰胺(AM)-丙烯酸(AA)/聚烯丙基氯化铵(PAAC)半互穿网络(semi-IPN-P(AM-co-AA)/PAAC)微凝胶.采用 TEM、光散射及 Zeta电位对微凝胶的微观形貌及 pH 的响应行为进行测定,考察离子强度对微凝胶粒径的影响.结果表明:微凝胶的粒径约 80 nm,溶胀行为对pH及离子强度敏感,改变PAAC的含量可以得到不同PH 下响应的微凝胶.     

温度、pH敏感性核壳结构微凝胶的制备及性质

以无皂乳液分步聚合的方法, 将N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)与N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)交联反应3 h, 制得种子乳液, 再向种子乳液中加入甲基丙烯酸(MAA)功能性单体继续反应2 h, 制备了具有温度、pH敏感性的核壳结构微凝胶. 通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、红外光谱(IR)等表征了微凝胶外貌形态及结构组成, 动态光散射(DLS)测定了微凝胶粒径响应热、pH的变化及微凝胶Zeta电位的变化. 结果表明凝胶形貌为异型核壳结构; Zeta电位与微凝胶粒径随温度、pH变化相关.     

PNI PAM/CS微凝胶的性质测定

以N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)、壳聚糖(CS)为单体,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,制备了PNIPAM/CS微凝胶.测定了不同单体配比对微凝胶体积相转变温度(VPTT)的影响和25℃不同pH条件下微凝胶液浊度及粒径的变化.研究表明,PNIPAM/CS微凝胶具有温敏性;并且随着pH的增大,微凝胶粒径先变小后变大,显示pH敏感性;浊度法测定结果与粒径测定一致.     

含自由氨基酸侧链的温敏性微凝胶的制备及性能

采用无皂乳液聚合法使N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)、ε-丙烯酰基-L-赖氨酸(εACRLLY)和N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(BA)交联共聚,制备了含有自由氨基酸侧链的温敏性微凝胶.利用透射电子显微技术(TEM)、动态光散射技术(DLS)及浊度法对所制备的微凝胶的形态及相转变进行了表征.TEM结果表明,所得的微凝胶具有规则的球型形态,微凝胶的粒径随εACRLLY含量的增加而减小.DLS及浊度结果表明,微凝胶粒径呈单分散的窄分布,随着温度的升高,微凝胶粒径减小,有着明显的体积相转变温度(VPTT);亲水单体εACRLLY的引入能够有效地调节共聚物微凝胶的VPTT,并且VPTT随εACRLLY含量的增加几乎呈线性上升.微凝胶在对盐酸阿霉素的药物释放研究表明,所制备的微凝胶在20℃,12 h内释放了56%,37℃下释放了73%;37℃,pH=7.4下13 h内释放73%,pH=4.5下基本释放完毕,该微凝胶表现出良好的药物缓释性能.     

浊度法表征温敏性微凝胶体积的相转变行为

以N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)、甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为单体,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,制备了温敏性聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PNIPAM)和具有温度、pH敏感性的聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-甲基丙烯酸)(PNIPAM-MAA)微凝胶。通过测定不同温度和pH条件下微凝胶浊度变化,表征微凝胶的温度及pH敏感性,描述了NaCl浓度和pH对微凝胶体积相转变温度的影响。同时,测定了微凝胶的临界聚沉浓度及临界絮凝温度,表征了微凝胶的稳定性,讨论了影响微凝胶的稳定性因素。     

辉光放电电解等离子体引发合成丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸共聚物水凝胶及其对阳离子染料的吸附性能

以丙烯酰胺（AM）和丙烯酸（AA）为单体、N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺（MBA）为交联剂,在水溶液中利用辉光放电电解等离子体（GDEP）引发,一步制得丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸共聚物（P（AM-co-AA））水凝胶。用红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电镜（SEM）和热重分析（TGA）对P（AM-co-AA）水凝胶的结构、形貌和稳定性进行了表征。考察了放电电压、放电时间、MBA质量含量、AM质量分数以及中和度对P（AM-co-AA）水凝胶吸附孔雀石绿（MG）的影响,同时探讨了引发机理。结果表明,水凝胶对MG的最大吸附量为864mg/g。     

体积相转变温度可调的温敏性N-异丙基丙烯酰胺共聚物微凝胶的制备与性能研究

选用甲基丙烯酸异丙酯(iPMA)与N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)共聚,制备了一系列疏水改性、相转变温度可调的温敏性P(NIPAM-co-iPMA)微凝胶.利用透射电子显微技术(TEM)、浊度法、动态光散射(DLS)技术及示差扫描量热(DSC)技术对所得微凝胶的形态及去溶胀行为进行了表征.TEM与DLS结果表明,所制备的微凝胶具有规则的球型形态.浊度、DLS及DSC结果表明,疏水性单体iPMA的引入能有效调节共聚物微凝胶的相转变温度;在所考察的范围内,微凝胶的相转变温度随iPMA投料比的增加几乎呈线性降低.     

温敏性P(St-NIPAM)/PNIPAM-Ag复合微凝胶制备及性能研究

通过无皂乳液聚合和种子乳液聚合两步法合成苯乙烯与N-异丙基丙烯酰胺共聚物/聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺[P(St-NIPAM)/PNIPAM]核-壳结构复合微凝胶, 再以其为模板在硝酸银水溶液中充分溶胀, 并以乙醇为还原剂, 在NH₃气氛条件下还原, 制备得到高分子微凝胶负载纳米银P(St-NIPAM)/PNIPAM-Ag的复合微凝胶材料. 通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、热分析(TGA)、紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-vis)、激光粒度分析等手段对复合微凝胶进行结构、组成和性质表征. 研究结果表明, 复合纳米银后的P(St-NIPAM)/PNIPAM-Ag复合微凝胶仍具有温敏性, 且其温度敏感性随壳层中复合纳米银含量的增加而减弱. P(St-NIPAM)/PNIPAM-Ag复合微凝胶对对硝基苯酚的还原反应具有良好的催化活性, 在45 min内基本将对硝基苯酚催化还原为对氨基苯酚.     

荧光探针法研究疏水改性聚丙烯酰胺溶液的疏水缔合行为

采用胶束共聚 共水解方法合成疏水改性水溶性聚合物聚(丙烯酰胺/丙烯酸钠/N 辛基丙烯酰胺)[P(AM/NaAA/C8AM)],并以芘为荧光探针,应用稳态荧光光谱法研究了它的疏水缔合行为。结果表明,随聚合物浓度、疏水单体摩尔分数、疏水侧链长和温度的增加,疏水缔合作用增强;不同疏水单体含量的P(AM/NaAA/C8AM)的临界缔合浓度为1.5~3.0 g/L;表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)与P(AM/NaAA/C8AM)发生了强烈的疏水相互作用,形成混合胶束,得到SDS的临界胶束浓度(CMC)为8×10-3 mol/L;由于聚合物链上羧基的存在,使其具有良好的 pH敏感性,随 pH值的增大,P(AM/NaAA/C8AM)的疏水缔合作用呈现先减弱后恒定再增强的变化。     

含β-CD单元VCL共聚物微凝胶的合成与性能研究

采用无皂沉淀聚合法,在水溶液中通过N-乙烯基己内酰胺(VCL)与一种单取代乙烯基β-环糊精单体(GMA-EDA-β-CD)的共聚反应,合成出了含有β-CD结构单元的温敏性VCL/GMA-EDA-β-CD共聚物微凝胶.用红外光谱仪(FTIR)、1H核磁共振仪(1H-NMR)、透射电镜(TEM)及激光粒度仪(DLS)对其结构、形态和性能进行了表征.研究结果表明,β-CD结构单元的加入使共聚物微凝胶的粒径减小,粒径分布变窄,但其温敏性降低.     

Effect of chemical composition on properties of pH-responsive poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) microgels prepared by inverse microemulsion polymerization

In this research, a series of pH-responsive microgels based on acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA) as the main monomers, and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide as a divinyl cross-linking agent, have been prepared by inverse microemulsion polymerization. The effect of chemical composition of poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (P(AM-co-AA)) on hydrodynamic diameters, morphology, swelling ratios and pH-responsive behaviour and thermal properties of microgels were discussed. With an increase of the mole percentages of AA in the feed ratio, the microgels have higher swelling ratios. The TEM photographs show that the spherical morphology of the microgels are regular relatively. Comparing with PAM microgels, number-average diameters of P(AM-co-AA) microgels were larger because of the presence of AA chain segment in the polymer chain. Turbidities of microgels determined through UV–vis spectrophotometer indicate that the microgels exhibit favourable pH-responsive behaviour, and responsive pH value is related to the dissociation constant of AA. Moreover, thermal stable properties of microgels were confirmed by differential scanning calorimeter. It was observed that an increase in the mole percentages of AA in the feed ratio provided lower glass transition temperature and thermal decomposition temperature of pH-responsive microgels.     

Preparation and Characterization of pH-Sensitive Microgels of Poly((2-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate)

Summary: pH-sensitive microgels of poly((2-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) were prepared by dispersion polymerization of 2-dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate in a mixed solvent of water/ethanol. ¹HNMR, FTIR and SEM were used to confirm the chemical structure and morphological properties of the resulting microgels. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) was used to measure the hydrodynamic diameter of the particles. SEM micrographs showed that the microgel particles have a diameter of about 100–200 nm in dry state. Mean hydrodynamic diameter of the particles at their collapsed state at pH = 9.5 was found to be about 150 nm. DLS measurements at various pH values showed that the prepared microgels have a volume phase transition around pH = 8 at which the hydrodynamic diameter decreased from about 470 nm to around 150 nm corresponding to a 32 fold change in the mean volume of a microgel particle.     

Poly(acrylamide-co-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic Acid) Nanogels made by Inverse Microemulsion Polymerization

Poly(acrylamide-co-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) poly(AM-co-AMPSA) nanogels were prepared through inverse microemulsion polymerization with low AMPSA/AM weight ratio in the feed (up to 0.3357) to control particle size and pH sensitivity. An aqueous solution of AM and AMPSA was used as the dispersed phase for microemulsion with sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT)/Toluene solution as the dispersion medium. The polymerization was carried out at 50°C in the presence of 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (NMBA) as an initiator and a crosslinker, respectively. Fourier transform infra red spectrophotometer (FTIR) and ¹H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-NMR) studies confirm the occurrence of copolymerization between the two monomers. The hydrodynamic diameter of synthesized poly(AM-co-AMPSA) nanogels is found to be in the range of 63–125nm as measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The equilibrium swelling and the effect of pH on particle size of copolymer nanogel are found to depend on the copolymer composition. The polymer chain composition, thermal properties and morphology of nanogels were measured by elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively.     

阳离子化热响应微凝胶的合成及在二氧化硅矿化中的应用

采用无皂乳液聚合技术,在亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂的情况下,N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)与甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)发生共聚,生成具有阳离子功能化的热响应微凝胶poly-(NIPAM-co-DMC).TEM研究表明该微凝胶粒子的粒径约为200 nm左右,具有规则的球形形态.DLS和1H-NMR研究证实了微凝胶粒子的最低临界溶液温度(LCST)在34℃左右.进一步以此微凝胶为模板,在中性条件下,以四甲氧基硅烷(TMOS)为硅源,在此模板上仿生沉积S iO2,生成poly(NIPAM-co-DMC)/S iO2杂化纳米粒子.FTIR、TEM、1H-NMR及TGA等研究表明S iO2在聚合物模板上发生了沉积.能谱分析进一步证明了S iO2主要分布在杂化纳米粒子的壳层区域.另外,当矿化反应温度高于微凝胶的LCST值时,体系生成了具有明显核壳结构的异形杂化粒子.     

pH响应性阳离子型微凝胶的制备及性质研究

以甲基丙烯酸-(N,N-二甲氨基)乙酯(DMAEMA)和丙烯酸乙酯(EA)为共聚单体, 二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EGDMA)为交联剂, 采用半连续乳液聚合法, 制备了具有pH响应性的阳离子型微凝胶, 并研究不同聚合条件对所合成的微凝胶性质的影响. 利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、激光粒度分析仪和流变仪对微凝胶进行一系列表征. 研究了介质pH值对微凝胶的形态、平均粒径、zeta电位、溶液浊度(透光率)的影响, 以及NaCl盐溶液对微凝胶分散体系稳定性的影响. 结果表明, 这类阳离子型微凝胶体系具有良好的pH响应性, 在pH＝7左右发生相转变. 此外, 研究表明不同浓度NaCl溶液对微凝胶的稳定性有一定影响, 临界絮凝浓度约为1.3 mol•L－1.     

含稀土铕双功能荧光磁性纳米粒子的制备及性能表征

首先制备了油酸和十一烯酸钠改性的水基磁流体,然后在其存在的情况下,将可聚合的稀土铕配合物单体Eu(AA)3Phen(AA=丙烯酸,phen=邻菲罗啉)与苯乙烯和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯在过硫酸钾的引发下,进行无皂种子乳液聚合来制备荧光磁性高分子微球。 利用透射电子显微镜和动态光散射粒度仪表征了粒子的形貌及粒径,发现荧光磁性微球具有明显的核-壳结构及较窄的粒径分布;通过红外光谱和X射线衍射分析表征了粒子的化学及晶体结构;通过振动样品磁强计和荧光分光光度计表征粒子的磁性及荧光性能,发现荧光磁性微球具有超顺磁性,其荧光发射光谱在594和619 nm处出现Eu3+的特征荧光发射峰。     

pH响应性P(MMA-co-MAA-co-HEMA)微凝胶的制备及其性能

利用预乳化乳液法制备了不同单体配比的聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯-co-甲基丙烯酸-co-甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯)(P(MMA-co-MAA-co-HEMA))微凝胶分散液;采用透射电子显微镜、动态光散射仪研究了微凝胶的微观形态、粒径大小及其溶胀率;利用试管倒转法对微凝胶分散液的凝胶化相转变行为进行了研究,借助椎板流变仪考察了所形成胶态凝胶的储能模量与单体配比、微凝胶分散液浓度和温度的关系.结果表明,所制备的微凝胶的数均粒径为90 nm左右,当MMA与MAA的投料质量不变时,随着HEMA含量的增加,分散液凝胶化所需的临界最小浓度增大,临界最大pH值减小,胶态凝胶的储能模量增加.当保持单体MMA与HEMA的投料质量不变时,随着单体MAA投料质量的增多,微凝胶的数均粒径和溶胀率增大,胶态凝胶的储能模量先升高后降低;当MAA占单体总摩尔数的25%时,浓度为15 wt%的微凝胶分散液在扫描频率为100 rad/s时,胶态凝胶的储能模量最高可达2×104Pa.这类微凝胶分散液在组织工程支架材料方面有潜在的应用价值.     

Different deswelling behavior of temperature-sensitive microgels of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) crosslinked by polyethyleneglycol dimethacrylates

Polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) with polyethyleneglycol dimethacrylates (n G, n representing the number of --CH2CH2O-- units in polyethyleneglycol dimethacrylates) through surfactant-free radical polymerization was used to prepare the temperature-sensitive microgels. The morphology, dispersity, and deswelling behavior of the microgels were investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. TEM micrographs revealed that it was feasible to obtain regular spherical microgels for crosslinking agents with short chain. Turbidity, DSC, and DLS analysis showed that in marked contrast to 1G and 3G crosslinked microgels, the collapse of microgels crosslinked by 9G, 14G, and 23G proceeded in a two-step mechanism. The amide groups dehydrated at the lower temperature leading to the first-step transition. In the transition, the hydrophilic long --(--CH2CH2O--)n-- segments could be enriched on the surface of the microgels, which was further verified by variable temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy. The hydrophilic long --(--CH2CH2O--)n-- segments can be dehydrated at the higher temperature.