淀粉接枝丙烯酸/醋酸乙烯酯高吸水性树脂的制备

以过硫酸铵为引发剂,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,淀粉与丙烯酸/醋酸乙烯酯混合单体通过接枝共聚,制备了吸水及耐盐性能均较好的淀粉接枝丙烯酸/醋酸乙烯酯高吸水性树脂(CGAV)。最佳工艺条件为:淀粉10.0 g,m(混合单体)∶m(淀粉)=4∶1,w(引发剂)=0.3%,w(交联剂)=0.05%,于45℃反应2h~3 h。在最佳工艺条件下制得的CGAV吸去离子水率760 g.g-1,吸0.9%NaC l水溶液率68 g.g-1。     

微波法合成淀粉接枝丙烯酸盐类高吸水性树脂的研究

以N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂、过硫酸铵为引发剂、在微波辐照下对淀粉接枝丙烯酸盐共聚进行了系统的研究,确定了最佳的反应条件,合成了粉末状的高吸水性树脂。并用FTIR和固体NMR等方法探讨了淀粉一丙烯酸盐接枝共聚物的结构特征。实验结果表明,利用微波技术合成淀粉一丙烯酸盐接枝共聚物可实现一次合成、干燥,简化合成工艺。淀粉与丙烯酸盐质量比为40／100左右时产物的接枝率最大,且吸水速率明显高于化学法合成的高吸水树脂。     

丙烯酸与丙烯酰胺共聚制备高吸水性树脂

采用溶液聚合法,以N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺（NMBA）为交联剂,过硫酸钾（KPS）为引发剂合成了高吸水性树脂聚（丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺）（P（AA—AM））,研究了单体配比、丙烯酸中和度、引发剂及交联剂用量、反应温度对树脂在去离子水和0．9％盐水中吸水率的影响．最佳条件下制备的树脂在去离子水中吸水率为750g·g^-1,在0．9％盐水中吸水率为85g·g^-1．     

PSY-g-PAA/Na-MMT复合高吸水性树脂的制备及其对Cu2+的吸附

以欧车前胶(PSY)、丙烯酸(AA)和钠基蒙脱土(Na-MMT)为原料,过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,采用水溶液聚合法制备了欧车前胶接枝聚丙烯酸/钠基蒙脱土(PSY-g-PAA/Na-MMT)复合高吸水性树脂.考察了Na-MMT质量分数对复合高吸水性树脂吸水能力和Cu2+吸附...     

反相悬浮法制备AA-AM共聚耐盐高吸水性树脂

对反相悬浮法制备丙烯酸 (AA)和丙烯酰胺 (AM)二元共聚高吸水性树脂的工艺进行了研究。实验表明 ,该工艺的最佳条件为 :AA 2 0g( 2 80mmol) ,n(AA)∶n(AM +AA) =0 .6 ,交联剂N ,N 亚甲基双丙烯酰胺的用量为单体总质量的 0 .2‰ ,引发剂过硫酸钾的用量为单体总质量的 0 .6‰ ,聚合温度 6 5℃ ,聚合时间 1.5h。AA -AM的吸水率为 12 5 0g·g-1,吸盐水率为 14 0g·g-1。     

反相悬浮聚合AA-AM-HEMA三元共聚高吸水性树脂的研究

以丙烯酸（AA）、丙烯酰胺（AM）、丙烯酸羟乙酯（HEMA）为单体、N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂、过硫酸铵/亚硫酸氢钠为氧化还原引发剂、Span80/Tween80为复合悬浮分散剂，采用反相悬浮聚合法合成了AA-AM-HEMA三元共聚高吸水性树脂。研究了单体用量、分散剂用量、油水比和粒径等对树脂性能的影响。用TGA和DSC对树脂的保水性和脱水动力学进行了研究，IR分析证实所合成的树脂为丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸羟乙酯三元共聚物。     

功能高分子聚丙烯酸铵的研制

以环己烷为连续相、水为分散相、氨水部分中和的丙烯酸为单体、K2S2O8为引发剂，N，N－亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂，采用反相悬浮聚合法合成了功能高分子材料－聚丙烯酸铵高吸水性树脂。研究了乳化剂、引发剂和交联剂用量、pH值、反应湿度等对吸水率的影响，得到的高吸水性树脂最大吸水率为1237mL/gR,其最大吸生理盐水率为114mL/gR。利用SEM，IR对其进行了表征。SEM分析表明，如果采取适当的工艺可以得到粒状产品。     

速溶型高吸水性树脂的制备及性能研究

以丙烯酸为单体，Ｋ＿２Ｓ＿２Ｏ＿８为引发剂，Ｎ，Ｎ’－亚甲基双内烯酰胺为交联剂，进行反相乳液聚合，制得内交联高吸水性树脂。研究了聚合物吸水性能与内烯酸浓度，丙烯酸中和度，引发剂用量，交联剂用过的关系。考察了该树脂的吸水速率，保水性，在不同电解质溶液中的吸水速度及水饱和树脂在盐水中的失水率。     

碳纳米管复合聚丙烯酸钠的制备及吸水性能

以过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,采用水溶液聚合法制备了碳纳米管/聚丙烯酸钠高吸水树脂。系统考察了碳纳米管质量分数、引发剂、交联剂和聚合温度对树脂吸水性能的影响。结果表明,以单体丙烯酸质量为基准,当交联剂,引发剂和碳纳米管质量分数分别为0.04%、0.3%和0.3%,聚合温度75℃时,所合成树脂的吸水性能最佳。添加碳纳米管后树脂表面粗糙和形成孔结构导致了其吸水性能的变化,使得碳纳米管/聚丙烯酸钠的吸水量和吸水速率明显提高,其吸去离子水和生理盐水能力分别达到1423和104g/g。该树脂重复吸水5次后,其吸水能力为1081.5g/g,达到最大吸水倍数的76.0%。     

P(DMAA-co-AM)水凝胶制备及其固定α-淀粉酶研究

采用氧化还原引发体系,水溶液聚合法制备P(DMAA-co-AM)水凝胶,并以其作为载体固定α-淀粉酶。采用单一变量法研究交联剂(N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺)用量、引发剂(过硫酸铵)用量、单体浓度和单体配比对凝胶性能的影响。以水凝胶的最大平衡溶胀度为指标,得出制备P(DMAA-co-AM)水凝胶的优化条件:交联剂用量为0.3%,引发剂用量为0.6%,单体浓度为20%,N,N′-二甲基丙烯酰胺与丙烯酰胺的摩尔比为2∶1。在优化条件下,采用原位聚合法固定α-淀粉酶,测定不同单体配比的P(DMAA-co-AM)水凝胶固定化α-淀粉酶的活性。     

钻井液用交联-接枝淀粉的制备及性能

以N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂,采用“溶剂法”工艺合成了高粘度抗剪切丙烯酸钠接枝淀粉(St),考察了单体、引发剂和交联剂用量、丙烯酸中和度、反应时间及反应温度对合成交联丙烯酸钠接枝淀粉糊液粘度的影响。 结果表明,其优化反应条件为：m(淀粉)∶m(丙烯酸）=1∶1.5,乙醇质量分数为80%,过硫酸铵的用量为单体总质量的1%,交联剂为单体总质量的0.6%,反应时间2.5 h,反应温度为55 ℃,丙烯酸中和度为70%。 该交联接枝淀粉糊液具有良好的触变性,在4%盐水泥浆中的添加量为14.0 g/L时,表观粘度为26.0 mPa·s,滤失量为7.2 mL;在饱和盐水泥浆中添加量为23.5 g/L时,表观粘度为54.5 mPa·s,滤失量为3.1 mL;在80 ℃高温下老化16 h其表观粘度及滤失量等性能基本保持不变,表现出良好的增粘、降失水作用和抗盐、抗老化性能。     

Preparation and properties of diatomite composite superabsorbent

A novel diatomite composite superabsorbent was synthesized by solution polymerization of partially neutralized acrylic acid and diatomite, using N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent and hydrogen peroxide and L -ascorbic acid as a redox initial system. The influences of some reaction conditions, such as diatomite content, neutralization degree of acrylic acid, amount of initiator, amount of crosslinking agent, monomer concentration, and the reaction temperature on swelling characteristic were investigated. The water absorbency of the sample prepared at optimum conditions was 99 g/g in 0.9 wt% NaCl solution. The results of swelling rate measurement showed that diatomite composite superabsorbent had better swelling rate than that of poly(sodium acrylate) prepared in the same conditions. Other properties, i.e. water retention, reswelling ability and resistance to salt, were also examined. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Graft Copolymerization of Artemisia Seed Gum with Acrylic Acid under Microwave and its Water Absorbency

A super‐absorbent polymer was prepared by grafting copolymerization of acrylic acid onto Artemisia seed gum, using microwave irradiation and ammonium persulfate as an initiator. The effect of various preparation conditions on its water absorbency, such as the ratio of acrylic acid to Artemisia seed gum, degree of acrylic acid neutralization, amount of initiator and microwave irradiation time, was investigated by orthogonal tests. The optimal reaction conditions were 3 min (irradiation time), 70% neutralization degree of acrylic acid and 2% initiator on the basis of the mass of acrylic acid used. When the mass ratio of acrylic acid to Artemisia seed gum is 5:0.5, the product has a water absorbency close to 400 times at room temperature in distilled water, this indicated that is has a high water absorbency. The structure of the graft copolymer was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT‐IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Further more, this microwave irradiation processing method to prepare water absorbent materials has no industrial cast off produced, that is to say, this method is environmentally friendly.     

PAAM高吸水树脂反相悬浮聚合

采用反相悬浮聚合法,通过部分中和丙烯酸与丙烯酰胺共聚制备了聚(丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺)(PAAM)高吸水树脂,讨论了聚合过程主要影响因素对其吸液性能的影响,并对其进行了FTIR、TGA测试,得到最佳的合成工艺配方:单体质量浓度为30%,中和度N为75%,丙烯酸与丙烯酰胺的摩尔比为7∶3,交联剂、引发剂和分散剂质量浓度分别为0.065%、0.7%和0.5%(相对于单体总质量),单体溶液的滴加速度为2～3mL/min,聚合温度和时间分别为70℃和1.5h。此时在蒸馏水、0.9%NaCl溶液%(wt)中最大吸水倍率分别为Qw=1300g/g、Qs=93g/g(Qw为蒸馏水中吸水倍率,Qs为0.9%NaCl溶液中的吸水倍率,下同),树脂在320℃之前都是比较稳定的,可以适应较高的使用温度。     

辉光放电电解等离子体引发合成聚丙烯酸钠/腐植酸复合高吸水性树脂

以丙烯酸和腐植酸为原料,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,在水溶液中采用辉光放电电解等离子体引发聚合反应制备聚丙烯酸钠/腐植酸复合高吸水性树脂。 考察了放电电压、交联剂、丙烯酸中和度、后聚合温度、腐植酸钠和丙烯酸的含量对树脂吸水率的影响,讨论了树脂在0.9%氯化钠溶液中的溶胀速率和不同pH值溶液中的溶胀行为。 用红外光谱和热重分析分别对产物进行了结构表征和稳定性测试,结果表明,最佳的合成条件为：放电电压470 V、交联剂质量分数为0.6%、腐植酸钠质量分数为4%、丙烯酸质量分数为10%、中和度60%、后聚合温度70 ℃。 所得复合树脂对蒸馏水的吸水率为1152 g/g,对0.9%NaCl溶液的吸水率为89 g/g,800 ℃后复合树脂残留率为44.3%。     

蔗渣基重金属离子吸附剂的制备

采用甘蔗残渣、丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(MAETAC)为原料,通过接枝共聚反应制备出蔗渣基重金属离子吸附剂,对制备该吸附剂的影响因子如活化时间、蔗渣和单体的配比、引发剂用量、温度和时间等条件进行了分析研究,通过正交试验得到了合成吸附剂的优化工艺条件.优化条件下合成的蔗渣基吸附剂对Cu2+的吸附容量达到58.53mg/g,是蔗渣原料的12倍.     

苯丙乳液合成反应条件优化

以苯乙烯、丙烯酸、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯等为单体,采用乳液聚合制备了苯丙乳液,研究了合成温度、引发剂用量、乳化剂用量、功能性单体丙烯酸用量等反应条件对苯丙乳液性能的影响,并探讨了丙烯酸单体对乳液耐酸碱稳定性的影响,确定了合成反应条件.结果表明,随着合成温度的提高,混合单体的转化率迅速增加,78℃时转化率最大(达到97.1%),而后随温度继续提高基本保持不变.混合单体转化率随过硫酸钾引发剂用量的增加呈现先增加后逐渐降低的趋势,当过硫酸钾与混合单体质量比为0.010时转化率最大,此时单体转化完全.此外,随着乳化剂用量增加,乳液的外观、钙离子稳定性、凝胶等性能都有所提高,但吸水率也相应增加.最佳合成反应条件为:合成温度为78℃,混合单体组成为15g苯乙烯、2g丙烯酸、18g丙烯酸丁酯、8g甲基丙烯酸甲酯,引发剂和乳化剂与单体质量比分别为0.010和0.035.得到的苯丙乳液在酸性条件下具有良好的稳定性.     

PREPARATION AND SWELLING PROPERTIES OF SUPER-ABSORBENT POLYMER

A super-absorbent polymer is prepared by graft polymerizing acrylamide (AM) ontopotato starch using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) and N, N′-methylene-bis-acrylamide(bisAM) as an initiator and cross-linking agent respectively, and then subjecting the potatostarch-poly(acrylamide) (PAM) graft copolymer (SPAM ) to alkaline saponification. Thewater absorbency (WA) of the sample is nearly 5000 g H_2O/g for dry sample in 24 hat room temperature and is far larger than that of reported in the literature. Thevariables affecting the WA were investigated and optimized, they were: concentrations ofpotato starch, AM, CAN and bisAM were 26.3 g/L, 1.14 mol/L, 10.3 mmol/L and 0.53mmol/L, respectively. The amount of sodium hydroxide was 15 g and the temperatures ofgraft copolymerization and saponification reactions were 60℃ and 95℃. The time of graftcopolymerization and saponification reactions was 2 h, respectively.     

Modified carrageenan 3. Synthesis of a novel polysaccharide-based superabsorbent hydrogel via graft copolymerization of acrylic acid onto kappa-carrageenan in air

A novel biopolymer-based superabsorbent hydrogel was synthesized through chemically crosslinking graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) onto kappa-carrageenan (κC), in the presence of a crosslinking agent and a free radical initiator. A proposed mechanism for κC-g-polyacrylic acid was suggested and the affecting variables onto graft polymerization (i.e. the crosslinker, the monomer and the initiator concentration, the neutralization percent and reaction temperature) were systematically optimized to achieve a hydrogel with swelling capacity as high as possible. Maximum water absorbency of the optimized final product was found to be 789 g/g. The swelling capacity of the synthesized hydrogels was also measured in various salt solutions. The time-temperature profile of the polymerization reaction, in order to investigate the effect of molecular oxygen was conducted in terms of the absence and presence of the atmospheric oxygen. The overall activation energy (E_a) of the graft polymerization reaction was found to be 2.93 KJ/mol.