平面变形正向挤压、反向挤压的参变量积分解法(减缩率R=0.5)

对断面收缩率为R=0.5的平面变形正向、反向挤压滑移线场之刚性区边界滑移线引进参变量t进行换元积分,求得垫片或凹模上的挤压力.对反向挤压,应力影响系数p/2k=1.29,凸模压力为5.14k;对正向挤压,垫片平均压力为p=2.57k,p/2k=1.29.参量积分求得的上述结果与目前惯用解法之结果完全相同.     

常数速度梯度时均匀湍流的二元速度关联函数

在湍流脉动速度比较小的条件下,本文得到了富氏变换过后脉动速度方程的解.它所代表的涡旋,在平均速度梯度为小量时,化为具有常数平均速度梯度的、组成后期均匀各向同性湍流场的涡旋和组成后期各向异性湍流场的涡旋.利用不同时刻的这种涡旋解,组成定常的有常数平均速度梯度的湍流场,这个湍流场可以近似地表达槽流和管流近中心区域的湍流场.我们求得了这种湍流场的二元速度关联函数,包括纵向的关联系数f(γ/λ)和横向的关联系数g(γ/λ).并且和均匀各向同性湍流实验中的前期和后期的f(γ/λ)和g(γ/λ)进行了比较.并且弄清楚了速度梯度对关联系数f(γ/λ)所产生的影响,最后还得到了雷诺应力和涡旋粘性系数的表达式.     

突然开始旋转的圆盘上的三维非定常边界层

本文研究突然以常角速度ω开始旋转的圆盘上的三维非定常边界层.先求级数展开再用隐式差分把它延拓,得出了从ωt=0时的涡线扩散连续过渡到Kármán定常解的完整解答.最后给出了力矩系数c_M,来流速度w(∞),物面流线倾角随时间ωt的变化以及与实验点的比较.     

正则变换的一种群表示

经典力学中的哈密顿正则变换所涉及的4个母函数F₁(q,Q),F₂(q,P),F₃(p,P),F₄(p,Q)和4种正则变量q,p,Q,P之间所有的关系,可以由7个基本关系式经线性变换而得到,这些变换是勒让德变换,变换是由32个8×8的变换矩阵来实现的,而这32个矩阵以4:1的关系与具有8个群元的D₄点群同态。热力学中的4个状态函数G(P,T),H(P,S),U(V,S),F(V,T)和4个热力学变量P,V,T,S之间的变换关系恰好与正则变换关系相同。热力学状态方程是源于宏观测量的实验结果的概括,而哈密顿正则变换是经典力学的理论性总结,它们的群表示是相同的,即它们的数学结构是相同的, 这种共性表明热力学变换是一维哈密顿正则变换的实例。     

基于二阶滑移边界的MHD在可渗透延伸壁面上的驻点流研究

研究了多孔介质中带二阶滑移边界的不可压缩MHD粘性流体在可渗透指数延伸壁面上的驻点流问题.通过相似变换将描述驻点流的控制方程转换为非线性常微分方程,并利用MATLAB的bvp5c函数求解非线性问题.分析并讨论了一、二阶滑移参数,抽吸/喷注参数以及渗透参数对速度分布和壁面剪切力的影响.结果显示在多孔介质中当壁面延伸速度小于外界主流速度时,随着一阶滑移参数、二阶滑移参数绝对值、抽吸/喷注参数以及渗透参数的增大,速度增大,壁面剪切力减小且均为正数;而当壁面延伸速度大于外界主流速度时形成一个反边界层,速度减小,壁面剪切力绝对值也减小且均为负数;二阶滑移参数对速度剖面和壁面剪切力的影响略大于一阶滑移参数的影响,抽吸/喷注参数对速度剖面和壁面剪切力的影响明显大于渗透参数或磁场参数的影响.     

获得非线性微分方程显式解析解的两种新算法

基于AC=BD的思想来求解非线性微分方程(组)。设Au=0为给定的待求解的方程,Dv=0是容易求解的方程。如果可以获得变换u=Cv使得v满足Dv=0,则能够得到Au=0的解。为了说明该种途径,本文举例给出几种变换C的表达式。     

考虑β变化下的Rossby波

本文考虑了Rossby参数β随纬度的变化并引进了γ参数γ≡-dβ/dy=2Ωsin(ф)/a2.同时把β平面近似扩展为含γ参数的近似:f=f₀+β₀y-γ₀y2/2.这就更接近实际,特特是在较高纬度地区.本文着重研究了γ参数对Rossby波的作用.研究指出:γ参数在较高纬地区有较强的作用.它可以形成纯γ参数所产生的Rossby波,并给出了在一般情况下的包含β变化的Rossby波相速公式,它在γ₀=0时退化为著名的Rossby公式.研究还指出:考虑了β的变化,即便基本气流u是y的线性函数也可以出现不稳定,但γ参数通常对Rossby波起稳定的作用.而且,它影响Rossby波的经向尺度和等位相线的结构,但都减缓Rossby波的增长或衰减.     

弹性动力学中的牵引力问题

在连续介质力学中不仅Cauchy六方程 是不完善的,而且著名的Cauchy运动定律(式中,,ρb,T及divT是连续的)也是不完善的[2].前六个方程的不完善是由于在空间给定点上变形的几何表示方法至今尚非完全[3],而后两个定律的不完善则Cauchy自己解释说ρb,T及divT是标架无关的,但则不是,且T是对称的[2].因此我们说后两个定律不可能满足广义标架上的非对称张量.本文的目的是在三维牵引力域的影响下用广义标架上的非对称张量来完善Cauchy运动定律.     

流体运动稳定性方程组椭圆特性的分析与应用

利用抛物化稳定方程(PSE)特征分析得知,原始扰动量的线性和非线性PSE整体来说为抛物型.利用PSE的次特征分析证明,对速度U,在亚音速和跨音速区,线性PSE分别为椭圆型和双曲-抛物型;对速度U+u,在亚音速和跨音速区,非线性PSE分别为椭圆型和双曲-抛物型(其中,U和u分别为主流方向的扰动和未扰流速度分量).结论表明,流体运动稳定性方程组的"抛物化"简化,仅把信息的对流扩散传播抛物化,而保留了信息的对流扰动传播特性,PSE实质上是扩散抛物化稳定性方程组.根据特征次特征理论提出了消除PSE剩余椭圆特性的方法,所得结论对线性PSE已有结论一致,并给出了Mach数的影响.同时,进一步给出了消除非线性PSE的剩余椭圆特性的方法.     

充分发展管流计算中的一种方法

本文结合摄动法、伽辽金法和有限差分法求解小曲率及小Dean数情形下充分发展的弯曲矩形管中的二次流流函数ψ、轴向速度w,该方法避免了直接求解N－S方程的巨大工作量,也克服了通常流函数法中构造高阶差分的困难.小曲率、小Dean数情形针对不同宽高比的计算结果与前人的计算与实验结果对比表明,该方法是成功的.     

有限变形下理想刚-塑性体动力学中的两个间断定理

本文推广了文献[1]中的结论,在有限变形下证明了理想刚-塑性动力学中的两个间断定理,即证明了刚-塑性交界面上面力的连续性以及当刚-塑性交界面的运动方向是由塑性区向刚性区扩展时界面上变形率的连续性.此结论也适用于不忽略剪切变形和转动惯量的梁、板、壳结构.     

Computational Homogenisation of Polycrystalline Elastoplastic Microstructures at Finite Deformation

During sheet bulk metal forming processes both, flat geometries and three-dimensional structures change their shape significantly while undergoing large plastic deformations. As for forming processes, FE-simulations are often done before in situ experiments, a very accurate material model is required, performing well for a huge variety of different geometrical characteristics. Because of the crystalline nature of metals, anisotropies have to be taken into account. Macroscopically observable plastic deformation is traced back to dislocations within considered slip systems in the crystals causing plastic anisotropy on the microscopic and the macroscopic level. A finite crystal plasticity model is used to model the behaviour of polycrystalline materials in representative volume elements (RVEs) of the microstructure. A multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient into elastic and plastic parts is performed, as well as a volumetric-deviatoric split of the elastic contribution. In order to circumvent singularities stemming from the linear dependency of the slip system vectors, a viscoplastic power-law is introduced providing the evolution of the plastic slips and slip resistances. The model is validated with experimental microstructural data under deformation. Through homogenisation and optimisation techniques, effective stress-strain curves are determined and can be compared to results from real forming processes leading to a suitable effective material model. (© 2011 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Computational modeling of elastic and plastic multiple cracks by the fundamental solutions

The fundamental solutions of elasticity are used to establish a numerical method for elastic and plastic multiple crack problems in two dimensions. The continuous distributions of the point forces, dislocations, and the plastic sources are used systematically to model the crack, non-crack boundary, and the plastic deformation. Use of these singularities are guided strictly by the physical interpretation of the problem. We adopt Muskhelishvili's complex variable formalism that facilitate the analytical evaluation of the integrals representing the continuous distributions of the singularities. The resulting numerical method is concise and accurate enough to be used for elastic and plastic multiple crack problems.     

悬挂封隔器卡瓦作用区段套管应力分布研究

悬挂封隔器上的卡瓦是保证水平井改造工作可靠性的重要元件,锚定后可以起到支撑、锚定封隔器和锁定胶筒的作用.但由于套管是薄壁件,在卡瓦的作用下容易破坏而造成不良后果,因此对卡瓦作用段套管的受力情况进行力学分析显得尤为重要,通过建立数学模型确定卡瓦作用区段套管的应力分布情况.结果显示,封隔器的坐封力会加大套管的环向应力,悬重会加大套管的轴向应力,两者一起会使得套管应力大幅上升,甚至造成套管产生缺陷.得到的理论公式为水平井改造现场判断悬挂封隔器作用段套管应力提供了预估参考.     

Banach格上正则算子格

本文首先对 Ｂａｎａｃｈ格 Ｅ给出了条件,使得对任意非 Ｄｅｄｅｋｉｎｄ　σ－完备的Ｂａｎａｃｈ格Ｆ,正则算子空间Ｌ~ｒ（Ｅ,Ｆ）均是一Ｒｉｅｓｚ空间．其次对Ｂａｎａｃｈ格Ｆ给出了一些刻划,使之每个由Ｌ_ｐ－空间到Ｆ内的连续线性算子均是正则的．一些相关结果也得以讨论．     

About the Microstructural Effects of Polycrystalline Materials and their Macroscopic Representation at Finite Deformation

In the sheet bulk metal forming field, the strict geometrical requirements of the workpieces result in a need of a precise prediction of the material behaviour. The simulation of such forming processes requires a valid material model, performing well for a huge variety of different geometrical characteristics and finite deformation. Because of the crystalline nature of metals, anisotropies have to be taken into account. Macroscopically observable plastic deformation is traced back to dislocations within considered slip systems in the crystals causing plastic anisotropy on the microscopic and the macroscopic level. A finite crystal plasticity model is used to model polycrystalline materials in representative volume elements (RVEs) of the microstructure. A multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient into elastic and plastic parts is performed, as well as a volumetric-deviatoric split of the elastic contribution. In order to circumvent singularities stemming from the linear dependency of the slip system vectors, a viscoplastic power-law is introduced providing the evolution of the plastic slips and slip resistances. The model is validated with experimental microstructural data under deformation. The validation on the macroscopic scale is performed through the reproduction of the experimentally calculated initial yield surface. Additionally, homogenised stress-strain curves from the microstructure build the outcome for a suitable effective material model. Through optimisation techniques, effective material parameters can be determined and compared to results from real forming processes. (© 2012 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Repeating earthquakes,episodic tremor and slip: Emerging patterns in complex earthquake cycles?

The lack of regularity in earthquake cycles continues to be a confounding issue in earthquake science. Lately, observations of episodic nonvolcanic tremor and slip (ETS) along a few well‐instrumented tectonic plate boundaries are intriguing: these features recur together with predictable time intervals. Data now trace recurring ETS back to 1990 and no significant earthquake ever followed an ETS episode. This observation and the fact that stress drops associated with episodic slips are low, only on the order of 0.01 MPa, suggests that repeated ETS has little cumulative effects in priming the fault for the next large earthquake. Another known regularity in seismic activity is the so‐called repeating earthquakes that rupture the same patch of fault repetitively. Current hypotheses for repeating earthquakes point to the interaction of continual, aseismic fault slip with locked, seismogenic patches of the fault. Interestingly, ETS also recur near where the transition between brittle faulting and plastic flow is expected, although it is not clear how and why regularities in space and time are interconnected. New data show that ETS recurs throughout the entire length of the Cascadia subduction zone, thus ruling out any special, local factors as necessary conditions for ETS. Recurrence intervals of ETS vary along the Cascadia. Such variations are not governed by the rate of plate motion that ultimately drives the earthquake process, but they do coincide with variations in the geology of the overriding plate that can influence the rheology along the plate interface. To this end, we call attention to the Portevin‐Le Chatelier effect (PLC, or jerky flow) as a potential analog to the earthquake process. The dynamics of the PLC has been extensively studied and shows many intriguing features as the system goes from chaotic to self‐organized critical regimes as strain rate increases. In particular, the PLC exhibits not only stick‐slip behavior (stress serration) over time but also spatial interactions over extended regions—features that are necessary to account for complex spatio‐temporal variations associated with earthquake activities. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 12: 33–43, 2007     

On Statistical Inference Based on Record Values

We develop methodology for conducting inference based on record values and record times derived from a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables. The advantage of using information about record times as well as record values is stressed. This point is a subtle one, since if the sampling distribution F is continuous then there is no information at all about F in the record times alone; the joint distribution of any number of them does not depend on F. However, the record times and record values jointly contain considerably more information about F than do the record values alone. Indeed, in the case of a distribution with regularly varying tails, the rate of convergence of the exponent of regular variation is two orders of magnitude faster if information about record times is included. Optimal estimators and convergence rates are derived under simple, specific models, and shown to be surprisingly robust against significant departures from those models. However, even under our special models the estimators have irregular properties, including an undefined information matrix. To some extent these difficulties may be alleviated by conditioning and by considering the relationship between maximum likelihood and maximum probability estimators.     

更新过程中的几个随机比较结果

本文研究了更新过程中的几个随机比较结果.通过对不同时刻之前的最后一次更新发生时刻变量在失效率序、反向失效率序和似然比序意义下的随机比较,获得了若底分布F是IFR,则t之前最后一次更新的发生时刻变量SN(t)在失效率序和反向失效率序意义下关于t单调递增;若底分布F是IFR且绝对连续,则SN(t)在似然比序意义下关于t单调递增.