用G8051F120单片机实现激光陀螺小抖动稳频

介绍了C8051F120单片机的主要性能特点及其在激光陀螺稳频控制器中的应用。利用单片机定时器2的输出功能实现了激光陀螺的小抖动稳频。给出了该控制器的硬件结构和软件结构，并对实验数据和结果进行了分析。结果表明：该控制器在有效减小系统体积的情况下基本达到了预期的要求。     

激光陀螺数字直流稳频系统设计

从激光陀螺稳频原理出发，分析了交流稳频和直流稳频的异同。设计实现了激光陀螺数字直流稳频系统，分析了控制系统的稳定性和误差并做了数字算法实现。最后试验验证了该系统的稳频性能，得到了优于交流稳频的效果。     

空间三轴机抖激光陀螺交流稳频系统设计

针对空间三轴机抖激光陀螺设计了交流稳频控制系统,分析了系统原理,进行了Simulink仿真建模和试验研究。在系统原理中分析了控制过程,推导了系统函数,通过Simulink交流稳频系统仿真建模摸索了空间三轴机抖激光陀螺交流稳频系统中PID参数对系统响应的影响,并得到了优化参数(K_P=0.048,K_I=0.0021,K_D=0.0037),为硬件调试提供了参考。将交流稳频控制系统应用于国产某型空间三轴机抖激光陀螺进行试验,试验结果显示通过PID参数调节后的交流稳频陀螺PZT码值变化平稳,陀螺静态脉冲输出稳定,与原直流稳频控制方法相比将空间三轴机抖激光陀螺的精度提高了20%。     

激光陀螺抖动偏频解调与微小角速度检测

—本文讨论了激光陀螺抖动偏频解调与微小角速度检测的主要技术难点。针对难点，在整周期采样解调基础上提出了脉冲边沿触发鉴相解调方案，同时对该方案的合理性进行了详细分析和理论证明。文章最后指出，该方案对大角速度的高精度检测同样适用。     

激光陀螺电路的数字一体化及其实现

为实现激光陀螺电路的一体化、数字化和高度集成化,在四频激光陀螺各部分电路的原理基础上,采用单片DSP完成了激光陀螺高压稳流、稳频及计数等全部控制与运算功能,实现了激光陀螺电路的数字一体化.激光陀螺数字一体化电路在室温下进行了长时间的测试,其单臂放电电流稳流精度优于 ,两臂放电电流差值的稳定精度优于 ,稳频精度(光强差/光强和)优于 .实验结果表明,数字一体化电路的性能已经达到了现有激光陀螺各部分电路的性能.激光陀螺数字一体化电路在电磁兼容、抗干扰、低功耗、集成度等方面具有显著的优势,并且由于陀螺的各工作参量在同一电路中,便于协调控制各参量使激光陀螺工作在最佳状态,有利于进一步提高激光陀螺的性能.     

二频机抖激光陀螺抖动动力学模型

以国产某型二频机抖激光陀螺为对象，采用有限元方法，求得激光陀螺各个方向上的刚度系数和耦合刚度系数，建立陀螺的抖动动力学模型，分析了陀螺的幅频特性。对动力学模型中求得的各个方向上的固有模态进行了验证，证明了激光陀螺抖动动力学模型的正确性。     

速率偏频激光陀螺用回转装置的设计与实现

速率偏频激光陀螺技术中陀螺台体回转加速度的大小和回转位置的精确定位问题是实现速率偏频激光陀螺的两个关键技术。本文设计并实现了用于提高速率偏频激光陀螺腔体正反转换向加速度的回转装置 ,该装置还能使其回转位置精确定位 ,实践证明 ,该回转器使陀螺腔体回转加速度提高到原来的 2 .5倍 ,达到 1 2 778(°) /s2 ;回转位置的静态定位精度达到 1 ″。而且回转器结构简单可靠 ,使用时不增加陀螺台体运转过程中控制任务的复杂性 ,并且对系统安全性有积极作用     

恒速偏频激光陀螺系统静基座初始对准中等效东向陀螺漂移估计

以单轴恒速偏频激光陀螺系统为研究对象,在分析IMU传感器误差的基础上,建立了合理有效的静基座初始对准滤波器模型。针对系统连续旋转运行的特性,提出了简洁适用的滤波器估计误差检验方法,利用自主设计的原理样机验证了恒速偏频技术的实际可行性,对滤波算法进行了实验测试。实验结果表明,初始对准滤波算法能够稳定有效地估计IMU传感器误差,且等效东陀螺漂移估计精度优于0.0004(°)/h,该系统具有很高的工程应用潜力。     

速率偏频激光陀螺过锁区误差特性分析

分析了速率偏频激光陀螺过锁区的误差特性。根据激光陀螺的闭锁方程,分别从数值模拟和理论分析两种途径对速率偏频激光陀螺过锁区误差特性进行了研究。结果一致表明:速率偏频激光陀螺过锁区的误差与锁区大小成正比,与过锁区的加速度的平方根成反比,与刻度因子的平方根成反比。文中具体给出了速率偏频激光陀螺过锁区的误差方程。过锁区误差为速率偏频激光陀螺的主要误差源。     

温度对四频差动激光陀螺零偏的影响机理

讨论了四频差动激光陀螺温变零偏的产生机理,分析了四频差动激光陀螺工作时的热源及其对陀螺在不同工作阶段的影响,实验证明了温度变化时和频和差频的强烈相关性;通过实验分析了陀螺各部分温度变化对和频和零偏的影响,研究了水晶片在温度变化时的物理性质变化,并定量计算了由其产生的广义法拉第偏频、顺逆时针偏振光差损和左右旋偏振光差损的变化对温变零偏的影响大小,结果表明:顺逆时针偏振光差损和左右旋偏振光差损对和频、差频的不同作用机理使得和频与差频的相关性变差,导致采用以和频为基准对陀螺差频进行补偿的方法具有一定的局限性,从而提出了提高以和频为基准的温补精度的措施。     

激光陀螺腔长控制镜改进设计

腔长控制镜影响激光陀螺谐振腔的光束形状、光强等参数,是制约激光陀螺精度提高的重要因素之一.减少激光陀螺腔长控制镜的位移扭偏,提高腔长控制镜的环境耐受性,能够直接改善激光陀螺的性能.通过研究激光陀螺腔长控制镜的基本机理,分析了腔长控制镜单筋方案和双筋方案的典型结构和特点,给出了提高反射镜抗扭偏能力的设计方法,设计并实现了新型双筋腔长控制镜结构.改进的腔长控制镜仅由3种零件、2种材料构成.经过仿真分析和试验验证,设计的腔长控制镜可以有效抵抗反射面的歪斜扭偏,在-50℃~+70℃工作范围内,抗扭偏能力提高5~10倍,同时实现了低成本和高稳定性.     

单轴旋转调制技术对激光陀螺慢变漂移的抑制

为了提高惯导系统长时间导航精度,采用旋转调制技术将惯性器件误差调制成周期性变化信号,抑制惯导系统误差发散.首先,基于惯性测量单元的误差模型,阐述了旋转调制技术的基本原理.然后,将激光陀螺慢变漂移建模成一阶马尔可夫过程,基于一阶马尔可夫过程的自相关函数,理论分析了旋转调制技术对激光陀螺慢变漂移的抑制.最后进行了仿真与试验...     

Attitude control of a rigid spacecraft with one variable-speed control moment gyro

Nonlinear controllability and attitude stabilization are studied for the underactuated nonholonomic dynamics of a rigid spacecraft with one variable-speed control moment gyro(VSCMG), which supplies only two internal torques.Nonlinear controllability theory is used to show that the dynamics are locally controllable from the equilibrium point and thus can be asymptotically stabilized to the equilibrium point via time-invariant piecewise continuous feedback laws or time-periodic continuous feedback laws. Specifically,when the total angular momentum of the spacecraft-VSCMG system is zero, any orientation can be a controllable equilibrium attitude. In this case, the attitude stabilization problem is addressed by designing a kinematic stabilizing law, which is implemented through a nonlinear proportional and derivative controller, using the generalized dynamic inverse(GDI)method. The steady-state instability inherent in the GDI controller is elegantly avoided by appropriately choosing control gains. In order to obtain the command gimbal rate and wheel acceleration from control torques, a simple steering logic is constructed to accommodate the requirements of attitude stabilization and singularity avoidance of the VSCMG. Illustrative numerical examples verify the efcacy of the proposed control strategy.     

Heat exchanger design with transfer coefficients varying with temperature or length of flow path

Heat transfer coefficients vary across an exchanger due to changes in fluid properties, length of flow path, or both. The procedure ofRoetzel [1] to estimate the mean transfer coefficient was extended to cover additional cases where only a length effect is present: exchange between a laminar and a turbulent stream and developing turbulent flow in a crossflow geometry. — In the general case, where both a change in fluid properties and a length effect must be considered, no procedure suitable for routine design purposes can be guaranteed to yield a reliable mean transfer coefficient; in one example of a counterflow exchanger Roetzel's procedure underestimates the required area by 10%.     

Twistor-based pose control for asteroid landing with path constraints

Nonlinear Dynamics - In this paper, a six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) control scheme for asteroid landing subject to collision avoidance and line-of-sight (LOS) constraints is developed within the...     

Adaptive dynamic surface control for cooperative path following of marine surface vehicles with input saturation

This paper considers the cooperative path following problem of multiple marine surface vehicles subject to input saturation, unknown dynamical uncertainty and unstructured ocean disturbances, and partial knowledge of the reference velocity. The control design is categorized into two envelopes. Path following for each vehicle amounts to reducing an appropriately defined geometric error. Vehicles coordination is achieved by exchanging the path variables, as determined by the communications topology adopted. The control design is developed with the aid of the neural network-based dynamic surface control (DSC) technique, an auxiliary design, and a distributed estimator. The key features of the developed controllers are as follows. First, the neural network-based adaptive DSC technique allows for handling the unknown dynamical uncertainty and ocean disturbances without the need for explicit knowledge of the model, and at the same time simplify the cooperative path following controllers by introducing the first-order filters. Second, input saturations are incorporated into the cooperative path following design, and the stability of the modified control solution is verified. Third, the amount of communications is reduced effectively due to the distributed speed estimator, which means the global knowledge of the reference speed is relaxed. Under the proposed controllers, all signals in the closed-loop system are guaranteed to be uniformly ultimately bounded. Simulation results validate the performance and robustness improvement of the proposed strategy.     

Optimal path planning of a cable-suspended robot with moving boundary using optimal feedback linearization approach

In this paper, the optimal path of a cable-suspended robot between two boundaries is assessed subject to its maximum load, while the initial and target points are moving boundary. Considering the fact that the most important application of cable robots is load carrying between two boundaries, planning the optimal path in which the heaviest load can be carried is extremely applicable. A closed loop optimal path planning algorithm is proposed in this paper for non-linear dynamic of a cable robots based on optimal feedback linearization. This method not only produces the optimal path of the end-effector, but also is robust to external disturbances and parametric uncertainties as a result of its closed loop nature. Moreover, considering the fact that in many automation applications the target of load handling is a sort of moving boundary like conveyors, finding the optimal point of this boundary which produces the optimal path with the maximum dynamic load carrying capacity (DLCC) amongst the other points of the boundary is obviously a useful study. Therefore, an online solution, based on variational algorithm is proposed here to solve the moving boundary problem which is compatible with the presented closed loop optimal path planning. This method is developed for both the initial and final moving boundaries. Finally maximum DLCC is obtained using an iterative method to check the optimality of the proposed method. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is verified at the end by the aid of some simulation scenarios performed on a spatial six DOFs cable robot with six cables. The motors’ torque, motors’ speed, and resultant DLCCs are calculated for both simple optimal path and moving boundary cases and comparison of the results proves the mentioned claims based on superiority of the proposed algorithm of moving boundary in saving the energy and increasing the DLCC. All simulation results are supported by conducting an experimental study on the cable robot of IUST (ICaSbot) for regulation movement of the end-effector with moving boundary.     

Simulation of crack spacing using a reinforced concrete model with an internal length parameter

Summary A gradient-enhanced smeared crack model and bond-slip interface elements are utilized in finite element simulations of reinforced concrete. The crack model is rooted in an enhanced plasticity theory. It uses the Rankine failure surface dependent on an equivalent inelastic strain measure as well as on its Laplacian. As a result, finitely sized fracture process zones and realistic crack spacings are obtained. A reinforced concrete bar in uniaxial tension is analyzed to demonstrate the regularizing influence of the internal length parameter in the model and to evaluate the influence of the model parameters on the energy dissipation in multiple cracks. A comparison of numerical simulations with experimental results for a beam without shear reinforcement in four-point bending concludes the analysis. Received 4 November 1997; accepted for publication 23 April 1998     

Vertical vibration control using nonlinear energy sink with inertial amplifier

To reduce additional mass, this work proposes a nonlinear energy sink(NES)with an inertial amplifier(NES-IA) to control the vertical vibration of the objects under harmonic and shock excitations. Moreover, this paper constructs pure nonlinear stiffness without neglecting the gravity effect of the oscillator. Both analytical and numerical methods are used to evaluate the performance of the NES-IA. The research findings indicate that even if the actual mass is 1% of the main oscillator, the NES-IA...