雪松胺醇-硼烷络合物催化的潜手性酮的不对称还原反应

雪松胺醇-硼烷络合物催化的潜手性酮的不对称还原反应     

不对称硼烷还原合成手性氨基醇

用原位生成的手性噁唑硼烷为催化剂,用2molBH3对1molα 或β 氨基酮进行了对映选择性还原,生成光学活性氨基醇 硼烷络合物,后者脱去BH3后给出光学活性氨基醇,ee值最高达99%.讨论了氨基酮结构与反应选择性的关系.     

Synthesis of N-Squaramidoacids and Their Application in Asymmetric Borane Reduction of Prochiral Ketones

A series of novel N-squaramidoacid ligands were prepared conveniently. Without converting to corresponding amino alcohols, these ligands could be used in asymmetric borane reduction of prochiral aromatic ketones to give secondary alcohols in good to excellent enantiomeric excesses. The results showed that N-squaramidoacids are more efficient ligands than N-sulfonyl amino acids. N-Squaryl proline was proved to be an excellent ligand in this catalytic asymmetric process.     

Hydrogenation of Aldehydes and Ketones to Corresponding Alcohols with Methylamine Borane in Neat Water

Chemoselective hydrogenation of various aldehydes and ketones with methylamine borane (MeAB) in neat water was investigated. MeAB is suitable for green organic reactions, for MeAB is a nontoxic, environmentally benign, and easily handled reagent. Aldehydes were selectively and rapidly hydrogenated in excellent yields (86–97%) for 30 min, but hydrogenation of aromatic ketones needed over 20 h at room temperature because of their poor water solubility and steric hindrance. Thus we investigated polyethylene glycol (PEG400) and acidic cation-exchange D072 resin as catalysts to accelerate the hydrogenation reaction of aromatic ketones and achieved excellent yields within several hours. PEG 400 and D072 resin are both suitable for green organic reactions. The D072 resin was reused up to four times without any significance loss in activity.     

Asymmetric Reduction of α‐Amino Ketones with a KBH4 Solution Catalyzed by Chiral Lewis Acids

An efficient enantioselective reduction of α‐amino ketones with potassium borohydride solution catalyzed by chiral N,N′‐dioxide–metal complex catalysts was accomplished under mild reaction conditions for the first time. It provided a simple, convenient, and practical approaches for obtaining synthetically important chiral β‐amino alcohols in good to excellent yields (up to 98 %) and enantioselectivities (up to 97 % ee).     

Insight into the Mechanism of Hydrogenation of Amino Acids to Amino Alcohols Catalyzed by a Heterogeneous MoOx‐Modified Rh Catalyst

Hydrogenation of amino acids to amino alcohols is a promising utilization of natural amino acids. We found that MoO_x‐modified Rh/SiO₂ (Rh–MoO_x/SiO₂) is an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the reaction at low temperature (323 K) and the addition of a small amount of MoO_x drastically increases the activity and selectivity. Here, we report the catalytic potential of Rh–MoO_x/SiO₂ and the results of kinetic and spectroscopic studies to elucidate the reaction mechanism of Rh–MoO_x/SiO₂ catalyzed hydrogenation of amino acids to amino alcohols. Rh–MoO_x/SiO₂ is superior to previously reported catalysts in terms of activity and substrate scope. This reaction proceeds by direct formation of an aldehyde intermediate from the carboxylic acid moiety, which is different from the reported reaction mechanism. This mechanism can be attributed to the reactive hydride species and substrate adsorption caused by MoO_x modification of Rh metal, which results in high activity, selectivity, and enantioselectivity.     

Amino Acid Mediated Borane Reduction of Ketones IIa

Summary.  Acetophenone, 2,2-dimethylcyclopentanone, 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone, 3-methyl-2-butanone, and 2-pentanone were reduced with borane mediated by (S)-alanine, (S)-methionine, (S)-leucine, (S)-valine, and (S)-isoleucine in very good yields giving predominantly alcohols of (R)-configuration (ee = 23–89%). A molecular topology based model was developed for describing the influence of the substituents, both in the oxazaborolidine type reagent and in the ketone, on the observed chiral induction. Received May 31, 2001. Accepted June 25, 2001     

Enantioselective Reduction of Achiral Ketones with NaBH_4/I_2 Catalyzed by (S)-Ferrocenyl Amino Alcohols

In recent years much attention has been devoted to the enantioselective synthesis of optically active alcohols which are important starting materials for many biologically active compounds1. Since Corey and co-workers found the chiral oxazaborolidine catalyzed reduction (CBS reduction) of prochiral ketones, the method for the generation of chiral secondary alcohols has become one of the most attractive research fields2, 3. But borane and its complexes such as borane-THF or borane-dimethyl …     

手性噁唑硼烷催化的烷基(4-二烷基氨基)苯基酮的不对称硼烷还原

在手性硼杂噁唑烷催化下，用硼烷不对称还原了一系列烷基4-二烷基氨基苯基酮，结果表明由于存在催化剂和硼烷中的硼原子与氮原子的强络合作用，在该不对称还原中，该类酮比相应的烷基4-烷基、4-烷氧基、4-烷硫基酮表现出了较明显的取代基对对映选择性的影响。     

环糊精介入酵母细胞催化芳香酮的不对称还原反应

以苯乙酮、苯丙酮、4'-甲基苯乙酮和4'-氯苯乙酮为底物,研究了酵母细胞催化芳香酮的不对称还原反应,分别考察了添加剂β-环糊精和羟丙基-β-环糊精对酵母细胞催化芳香酮的不对称还原反应的影响,结果表明芳环上取代基的空间效应和电子效应对转化率和对映体过量值有显著的影响.环糊精是通过提高酵母液的催化效率和对底物形成包结来影响反应结果的,其中底物芳环对位有无取代基是添加剂影响反应结果的关键因素.环糊精加入量根据底物的不同在3~20mmol/L之间较合适.     

二苯基脯氨醇及其衍生物对前手性酮的不对称催化还原研究进展

对(S)-α,α-二苯基脯氨醇及其衍生物对前手性酮的不对称催化还原研究进行了综述, 表明它们具有催化还原产率高、对映选择性好的作用, 是一类性能优秀的不对称还原反应的有机小分子催化剂.     

Synthesis,Characterization and Structure of Chiral Amino Acids and Their Corresponding Amino Alcohols with Camphoric Backbone

1 INTRODUCTION Chiral amino acids and their versatile derivatives are very useful compounds in many fields[1]. In com- parison with well-documented chiral α and β amino acids and amino alcohols, the studies of chiral γ, δ… ω amino acids and amino alcohols deserve more attention. For example, there have been numerous reports on versatile functions of γ aminobutyric acid (GABA) produced from L-glutamic acid in the presence of L-glutamate decarboxylase (GAD)[2]. However, the stereo…     

手性氨基醇催化的苯乙炔与酮的对映选择性加成

(S)-(1-Benzylpyrrolidin-2-yl)diphenylmethanol and cinchonine were evaluated as promotors in the asymmetricadditions of phenylacetylene to ketones,in order to prepare chiral propargylic alcohols.Good yields(up to 89%)and moderate enantioselectivities(up to 77.9% ee)were achieved.Addition of Ti(OPr-i)_4 can significantly improvethe enantioselectivity of the reaction.     

手性氨基醇催化的前手性芳酮的不对称还原反应

首次以天然D-樟脑的衍生物为原料, 合成了两个新型龙脑基氨基醇配体, 研究了它们与硼烷原位制备成手性噁唑硼烷后, 在不对称催化氢化还原前手性芳酮中的性能, 得到的手性仲醇的对映体过量(ee)值最高可达96%, 还考察了反应温度、时间、溶剂等因素对苯乙酮的不对称氢化还原的化学产率和光学收率的影响.     

Catalytic Enantioselective Reduction of Prochiral Ketones with Chiral Ferrocenyl Amino Alcohols

The asymmetric reduction of prochiral ketones was catalyzed by a class of recoverable and highly stable chiral ferrocenyl amino alcohols derived from natural amino acids to yield optically active secondary alcohols in high chemical yields and moderate to good enantiomeric excesses.     

芳香酮的不对称还原*

本文从化学方法和生物方法两个角度,化学催化法、手性试剂法和酶催化法三个方面综述了近年来芳香酮的不对称还原进展。文章概述了芳香酮取代基的电子效应与空间效应、手性催化剂和手性试剂的结构、反应体系等对产物光学活性的影响,以及全细胞酶、分离酶等不同生物催化体系中芳香酮结构对产物光学活性的影响,并展望了不对称还原的研究及应用前景。