调控双电层电渗流数值研究

在通道壁面垂直施加一个调控电场可以改变双电层电荷密度和Zeta电位势,实现对电渗流的调控.采用电场Poisson方程、动量守恒的Navier-Stokes方程、电解质离子输运的Nernst-Planck方程和液体混合反应的组分浓度输运方程,本文对微通道壁面离散布置调控电极的情况进行了数值分析.数值算例包括单电极、双电极...     

弯管电渗流场的数值模拟及研究

给出了管道中电渗流的物理模型和数学方程 ,采用坐标变换和有限差分法对电渗流场进行了数值模拟 ,对直管和 1 80°弯管数值模拟的结果与现有的结果符合较好。在此基础上 ,对 1 80°弯管的内壁形状进行改进 ,弯道内壁的弧半径增加了 1 2 .5 % ,使内外壁弧长更接近并对其进行了数值模拟 ,结果发现这种改进能提高弯道电渗流场内外壁之间速度分布的均匀度 ,因而提高电泳分离的分辨率     

基于电渗驱动的微流控芯片顺序注射分析系统

本文介绍了一种在微流控芯片上依靠电渗驱动完成顺序注射分析的新方法。采用由多个双T通道构成的微通道网络,利用夹流进样和电渗流驱动方法,在通道内形成间隔排列的溶液区带,进而在流动过程中实现溶液区带间的相互混合。实验以荧光素溶液与硼砂缓冲液为模型体系,初步考察了利用该系统实现顺序注射进样及混合的效果。该方法装置简单,操作简便,无需任何复杂机械装置,利用微流控芯片上的微通道网络及电渗流控制,实现了亚纳升级的溶液区带的顺序排列和进样。     

微电渗流毛细管原位柱中流动相组成对电渗流的影响

采用原位聚合的方法合成了一种新型微电渗流毛细管电泳原位柱。考察了不同有机调节剂种类和浓度 ,pH对电渗流的影响 ,在 pH值 2 .3～ 9.8范围内 ,电渗流小于 19.6× 10 -10 m2 V-1s-1。当有机调节剂浓度从 6 0 %增加到 90 %时 ,电渗流仅从 6 .6× 10 -10 m2 V-1s-1增大到 4 8.9× 10 -10 m2 V-1s-1。结果表明 ,此类微电渗流柱在电色谱分离模式下电渗流保持在较低水平     

磷脂微乳电动色谱的定量结构保留关系研究

以大豆磷脂为主要的表面活性剂,制备适合毛细管电动色谱使用的不同构成比的微乳体系, 应用溶剂化参数模型研究了中性溶质在其中的定量结构保留关系.使用动态涂层毛细管, 以二甲基亚砜和十二烷基苯分别作为电渗流和微乳液滴迁移的标记物, 测定了26个具有不同结构小分子中性化合物在17种微乳电动色谱体系下的保留因子, 建立了线性溶剂化能量关系(LSER)方程.通过比较两体系的LSER方程系数比较体系相似性.结果表明, 本研究建立的磷脂微乳电动色谱体系在线性溶剂化特征上和其它构成的微乳电动色谱体系相似.对溶质保留贡献较大的是溶质体积和有效氢键碱度, 油相种类及浓度对溶质的保留选择性无明显影响.     

微通道中高分子运动的耗散粒子动力学模拟

对不同长度及不同数量的高分子链在微直通道及微缩通道中的流动进行了模拟与分析.研究表明,高分子链的伸展状态与微通道的形状密切相关,微直通道中高分子链能较充分地伸展,方形微缩通道中高分子链未能充分伸展,而斜坡微缩通道中高分子链的伸展状态介于微直通道与方形微缩通道之间.高分子的存在对微通道系统的温度没有明显影响,对密度与水平流动速度有较明显的影响.高分子链的运动直接影响到周围的简单流体粒子,降低其周围流体粒子的流动速度,对密度与速度产生局部扰动,形成"拖曳"现象.高分子链分布越密集,长度越长,高分子链的拖曳现象越明显.     

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微流控分析芯片的简易热压制作法

提出聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)微流控分析芯片的一种简易热压制作法,研究了镍基、单晶硅和玻璃3种阳模制备芯片及芯片的封合条件.采用扫描电镜(SEM)和电荷耦合检测器(CCD)对PMMA芯片的微通道及其横截面形貌进行了表征.SEM图和CCD图表明实现了热压封接.测定了PMMA芯片的伏安曲线和电渗流,其电渗流值与文献报道值基本一致.本法制作的PMMA芯片用于电泳分离Cy5荧光染料,峰高RSD为2.2%(n=11),理论塔板数7.4×10⁴m^-1.     

聚二甲基硅氧烷微流控芯片的紫外光照射表面处理研究

研究了紫外光化学表面改性对聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)微流控芯片的片基间粘接力及毛细管通道电渗流性能的影响.PDMS片基经紫外光射照后,粘接力增强,可实现PDMS芯片的永久性封合,同时亲水性得到改善,通道中的电渗流增大.与文献报道的等离子体表面处理方法比较,采用紫外光表面处理,设备简单,操作方便,耗费少,是一种简单易行的聚二甲基硅氧烷芯片表面处理方法.     

超支化聚胺-酯改性聚二甲基硅氧烷微流控芯片的紫外检测应用

采用超支化聚胺-酯对经过氧气氛处理的PDMS微流控芯片表面进行改性.成功地将超支化聚胺-酯涂覆到PDMS表面,使其表面的接触角由108°±1°降到32°±20°,改善了其亲水性;改性过后通道内的电渗流得到了有效抑制,远低于未改性通道内的电渗流.同时,将芯片通过专门设计的通道与毛细管连接在一起,在紫外检测波长214nm,...     

流动聚焦型微流控体系中的液滴的图案化排列和转变模式

流体在微流通道中形成剪切流场（低雷诺数）．不同于宏观体系,由于剪切力和表面张力的竞争作用,产生的液滴在微尺度下的微流通道中形成特殊的排列现象---周期性类似“晶格”排列现象．设计了新型流动聚焦型微流控芯片,分析研究在微流体系中液滴周期性图案化排列和转变机理性,液滴排列模式受两方面因素影响：水油两相的流速比值和微通道尺寸．当微通道宽度为250或300 μm时,液滴形成单层分散,双层和单层挤压排列．当微通道宽度为350 μm 时,液滴会形成单层分散到三层排列到双层挤压最后到单层挤压排列．当出口通道宽度增加到400 μm时,甚至出现了液滴四层排列的现象．同时研究了各个液滴排列模式的“转变点”.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。