用PAR作显色剂光度法研究铼（Ⅶ）在双水相萃取体系（聚乙二醇2000-硫酸铵）中的分配行为

以4-（2-吡啶偶氮）-间苯二酚（PAR）为显色剂,用光度法研究了铼（Ⅶ）在聚乙二醇2000（PEG）-硫酸铵双水相萃取体系中的分配行为。萃取系在有一定量铼标准溶液存在,且含有300g·L~（-1）聚乙二醇2000溶液及300g·L~（-1）硫酸铵溶液各3mL及1g·L~（-1）PAR溶液1mL,并用磷酸盐缓冲溶液控制...     

聚乙二醇-硫酸铵双水相体系中稀土元素的分配

偶氮胂;聚乙二醇-硫酸铵双水相体系中稀土元素的分配     

金(Ⅲ)在聚乙二醇-硫酸铵双水相体系中的分配行为及萃取机理

卤素离子;双水相萃取;金(Ⅲ)在聚乙二醇-硫酸铵双水相体系中的分配行为及萃取机理     

TritonX-100-盐-水液-固萃取体系分离Co,Cd,Zn

在含有一定浓度硫酸铵的条件下，ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００水溶液能形成盐水相与聚合物固相。本实验研究了Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）、Ｃｄ（Ⅱ）、Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）、Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）、Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）与４－（２－吡啶偶氮）间苯二酚（ＰＡＲ）形成的配合物在ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００盐水萃取体系液固两相中的分配行为。主要探讨萃取酸度，萃取剂用量和硫酸铵浓度等条件对金属离子萃取率的影响。用控制酸度的方法实现了Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）与Ｃｄ（Ⅱ），Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）与Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）的定量分离。每组金属离子浓度在１∶１０００倍情况下分离互不干扰，结果满意。该法可用于样品的提纯与分离。     

硫酸铯/聚乙二醇双水相体系在298.15K的相平衡

水溶性高聚物的双水相体系可用于纯化一些无机盐,获得高纯晶体。由于高聚物的存在会减小盐在溶液中的溶解度,从而可能析出晶体。本文采用自制的相平衡装置,测定了硫酸铯／聚乙二醇(PEG1000,4000,10000)双水相体系在298．15K时的等温平衡溶解度。     

聚乙二醇-硫酸铵双水相萃取次甲基蓝的研究

利用分光光度法研究了次甲基蓝在聚乙二醇-硫酸铵双水相体系的萃取行为,探索了质量配比(mPEc/m(NH4)2SO4)、温度和次甲基蓝的浓度对双水相及次甲基蓝萃取率(Y)的影响.实验表明:(1)在一定的温度和浓度下,随着mPEC/m(NH4)2SO4的减小,分配系数K( cup/clow)增加,萃取率Y略有减小;(2)在一定的质量配比和浓度下,分配系数K(cup/clow)随温度的升高而增大,但萃取率Y却基本保持不变;(3)在一定的质量配比和温度下,随着次甲基蓝浓度的增加,分配系数K(cup/clow)增大;萃取率Y略有增加.在mPEG/m( NH4) 2SO4为1.50∶1,c次甲基蓝=8.915×10-5mol/L、t=30℃的实验条件下,K(cup/clow)=22.14,萃取率(y)可达95.43％.     

正丙醇-氯化钠-4-(2-吡啶偶氮)-间苯二酚双水相萃取光度法测定工业废水中的Zn~(2+)

研究了在简单的丙醇-氯化钠双水相体系中4-(2-吡啶偶氮)-间苯二酚(PAR)与Zn2+形成的配合物的分配行为,建立了分离和测定工业废水中Zn2+的双水相萃取光度分析方法。结果表明,在pH=8.0的Na2B4O7-HCl缓冲溶液中,PAR与Zn2+形成的配合物被萃取到丙醇中,其最大吸收波长为493nm,与PAR和丙醇水溶液的混合液相比,发生了88nm的红移。在该条件下,Zn2+在0.05~0.25μg·mL-1范围内符合比尔定律,其相关系数为0.9989,表观摩尔吸光系数ε为2.26×104 L·mol-1·cm-1。该方法测定工业废水中的Zn2+与原子吸收法结果一致。     

Co(Ⅱ)-4-(2-吡啶偶氮)间苯二酚-聚乙二醇-(NH4)2SO4萃取体系的研究和应用

研究了Co(Ⅱ)-4-(2-吡啶偶氮)间苯二酚(PAR)-聚乙二醇(PEG)-(NH4)2SO4体系的萃取行为及最佳分相条件,建立了测定生物样品中微量钴的非有机溶剂萃取光度法。结果表明,在pH 8.6的六次甲基四胺缓冲溶液中,在(NH4)2SO4存在下,Co(Ⅱ)-PAR的络合物可被PEG相富集萃取。在PEG相中络合物的最大吸收波长为519 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数4.68×104L.mol-1.cm-1,钴量在0~1.8μg/mL范围内服从比尔定律。方法已用于粮食、茶叶等生物样品中痕量钴的测定,回收率97.2%~103%。     

水中痕量钼(Ⅵ)的4-(2-吡啶偶氮)-间苯二酚螯合活性炭吸附富集分光光度法测定

提出了一种简单快速预富集水中痕量钼（Ⅵ）的新方法，方法的机理在于4－（2－吡啶偶氮）－间苯二酚（PAR）与钼（Ⅵ）螯合后被活性炭中附，然后用NaOH解吸下来，再用水杨基荧光酮与钼（Ⅵ）显色，分光光度法测定钼（Ⅵ）的含量；详细研究了影响Mo-PAR螯合物定量吸附于活性炭上的各种参数，找出了最佳吸附－解吸条件，包括吸附酸度、PAR用量、吸附时间、解吸酸度等；该法的主要优点是操作简单、快速，干扰小，避免了常规方法中用浓硝酸消化活性炭费时和污染大的解吸方法，该法已用于测定水中痕量钼（Ⅵ），加标回收率达到94％－97％。     

4-(2-吡啶偶氮)-间苯二酚-铁氰化钾-鲁米诺化学发光体系的研究

基于4 (2 吡啶偶氮) 间苯二酚(PAR)在碱性条件下催化铁氰化钾 鲁米诺体系产生很强的化学发光的原理,对影响PAR发光的条件进行了优化选择,得出该体系下PAR的相对标准偏差为2.7%,线性范围为1.0×10-5～1.0×10-7mol·L-1;检出限为5.7×10-8mol·L-1。利用PAR对许多金属离子的络合性,得出测定某些金属离子的检出限。并同时建立了测定PAR的化学发光新方法。     

Partitioning of lactate dehydrogenase from bovine heart crude extract by polyethylene glycol-citrate aqueous two-phase systems

Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-citrate have been used for enzyme partitioning studies. The behavior of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from bovine heart crude extract was analyzed using a two-level factorial design in which the PEG molar mass and concentration, the citrate concentration were selected as independent variables, while the purification factor, the partition coefficient (K) and the activity yield were selected as responses. The statistical analysis revealed the effect of PEG molar mass on K. LDH exhibited a better partitioning toward PEG-rich phase and the highest K value (1079.81) was obtained with 42% (w/w) PEG 400 and 7.5% (w/w) citrate concentration. PEG molar mass also influenced the purification factor of the enzyme in the top phase. Possibly these ATPS remove inhibitors present in the extract affording higher enzyme yield.     

Extraction mechanism of sulfamethoxazole in water samples using aqueous two-phase systems of poly(propylene glycol) and salt

Based on the poly(propylene glycol)₄₀₀ (PPG₄₀₀)–salt aqueous two-phase system (ATPS), a green, economical and effective sample pretreatment technique coupled with high performance liquid chromatography was proposed for the separation and determination of sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The extraction yield of SMX in PPG₄₀₀–salt ATPS is influenced by various factors, including the salt species, the amount of salt, pH, and the temperature. Under the optimum conditions, most of SMX was partitioning into the polymer-rich phase with the average extraction efficiency of 99.2%, which may be attributed to the hydrophobic interaction and salting-out effect. This extraction technique has been successfully applied to the analysis of SMX in real water samples with the recoveries of 96.0–100.6%, the detection limits of 0.1 μg L⁻¹, and the linear ranges of 2.5–250.0 μg L⁻¹.     

Extraction and determination of papaverin in pericarpium papaveris using aqueous two-phase system of poly(ethylene glycol)-(NH4)2SO4 coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography

Based on aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)–(NH₄)₂SO₄, a simple pretreatment approach was developed for the extraction and determination of papaverin in pericarpium papaveris. The influence factors on phase behavior of the ATPS and partition behavior of papaverin was investigated, and partition mechanism based on the hydrophobic interaction between PEG and analyte molecules was proposed. Under the optimal conditions, the extraction efficiencies for papaverin were 93–96%, and the recoveries of the added standard were 97–106% with relative standard deviations of 1.8–2.5%. Combined with a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, this extraction technique has been successfully applied to the determination of papaverin in pericarpium papaveris with the detection limit of 2 ng mL⁻¹ and the linear range of 0.10–10 μg mL⁻¹. Compared with the conventional liquid–liquid extraction or solid-phase extraction, this method was more environmentally benign, more cost effective and much simpler due to the direct injection of the upper phase into HPLC system.     

商用SCR脱硝催化剂K2O中毒后再生:(NH4)2SO4溶液

利用(NH₄)₂SO₄溶液对K₂O中毒后烟气SCR (selective catalytic reduction)脱硝商用催化剂活性进行再生。采用湿法浸渍法使催化剂表面负载不同质量K₂O,前驱体为KNO₃溶液。经过再生工艺处理后,在不同模拟烟气空速及氧浓度条件下均具有良好的活性。进一步利用离子色谱(IC)、N₂吸附脱附分析(BET)、扫描电镜及其元素能谱分析(SEM-Maps, EDX)、红外光谱分析(FT-IR)等技术对再生前后催化剂进行表征。结果表明,再生工艺对K₂O去除效果明显,有效地恢复了催化剂表面活性位V=O。此外,再生过程没有导致催化剂表面物质的流失及机械强度的降低。     

Intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of 1,7,9-decatrienoates catalyzed by indium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate in aqueous media

The intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of ester-tethered 1,7,9-decatrienoate derivatives in a mixture of water and 2-propanol was catalyzed by indium(III) triflate to give the cycloadducts in good yield with perfect endo-selectivity.     

Stripping voltammetric determination of Cd(II) based on multiwalled carbon nanotube functionalized with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol

The present work has focused on the modification of multiwalled carbon nanotube with a ligand,l-（2-pyridylazo）-2-naphthol, and its potential application for the development of a new,simple and selective modified glassy carbon electrode for stripping voltammetric determination of Cd（Ⅱ）.The analytical curve for Cd（Ⅱ） ions covered the linear range varying from 0.8 up to 220.4μgL^-1.The limit of detection was found to be 0.1μgL^-1,while the relative standard deviation（RSD） at 50.0μgL^-1 was 1.8%（n=5）.This modified electrode was successfully applied for determination of Cd（Ⅱ） in some water samples.     

阳离子型微乳液对镉（Ⅱ）—[4—（2—吡啶偶氮）—间苯二酚]的增敏作用

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵／正戊醇／正庚烷／水微乳液为介质进行Ｃｄ（Ⅱ）－ＰＡＲ江度法测定，与以相同含量ＣＴＭＡＢ胶束体系比较，测定灵敏度增加，某些试验条件更为宽容，通过测定显色剂在水胶束相和水－微乳液中的分配系数ＫＤ，初步探讨了微乳液增敏作用机理。     

Interaction Between Two Similar Plane Parallel Double Layers for (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 or (NH4)2Cu(SO4)2 Type Complex Salt Electrolytes at Positive Surface Potential

Interaction energies between two similar plane parallel double layers for (NH₄)₂Fe(SO₄)₂ or (NH₄)₂Cu(SO₄)₂ type complex salt electrolytes at positive surface potential were expanded in a power series and accurate numeral results were given for 0.1 ≤ y _e  < y ₀ ≤ 20. The general expressions were given for the interaction energies of A _ν +B _ν′ +C_ν? type complex salt electrolytes at y > 0. The interaction energies for simple salts NaCl, CaCl₂, Na₂SO₄, FeCl₃, Na₃PO₄, Mg₃(PO₄)₂, Al₂(SO₄)₃, and complex salts (NH₄)₂Fe(SO₄)₂ or (NH₄)₂Cu(SO₄)₂ at y ₀ = 1 were compared. There was hardly difference between these simple salts and this complex salt for the interaction energies. The interaction energy for complex salt (NH₄)₂Fe(SO₄)₂ was close to that for simple salt Na₃PO₄.

Supplemental files are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of the Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology to view the free supplemental file.