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本文基于注氢纯铁和铁基二元合金(Fe-3%Cr、Fe-1.4%Ni和Fe-1.4%Mn,质量分数)开展常规透射电镜(200 kV)的原位表征观察,揭示了材料中辐照位错环的形态、尺寸演化行为及退火温度影响,并依据辐照损伤演化理论、退火过程中位错环平均尺寸变化推断得到空位型位错环形成温度的范围.注氢纯铁中空位型位错环的形成温度(Tc)约为500℃;添加Ni可使Tc降低至~450℃,添加Cr可使Tc升高至600℃以上,而Mn的作用与Cr相似,亦可使Tc升高.注氘实验和热脱附谱分析进一步表明,纯铁和铁基二元合金中空位型位错环的形成温度受氢同位素与空位结合、释放过程影响.合金元素Ni对氢同位素与空位的结合、释放有促进作用,故导致Tc降低;而Cr和Mn均对氢同位素与空位的结合、释放产生抑制作用,故导致Tc升高.本文展示的有关合金元素对空位型位错环形成温度影响的研究将有助于更深刻理解铁基合金体系中损伤结构演化和辐照肿胀产生机理. 相似文献
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钒合金作为聚变堆候选材料, 其辐照损伤行为一直是关注的重点. 研究辐照时形成的位错环的性质, 其意义在于揭示纯钒中辐照空洞的长大机理. 这种机理表现为不同类型位错环对点缺陷吸收的偏压不同, 从而影响金属的辐照肿胀. 本文利用加速器对纯钒薄膜样品进行氢离子辐照, 然后, 利用透射电镜的inside-outside方法分析氢离子辐照所形成的位错环的类型. 结果表明, 在氢离子辐照纯钒中没有发现柏氏矢量b=<110>的位错环, 只有柏氏矢量b=1/2<111>和b=<110>的位错环, 这两种位错环的惯性面处于{110}-{112}之间. 能确定性质的位错环全部为间隙型位错环, 未发现空位型位错环. 相似文献
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对纯钨透射电镜薄膜样品在400℃进行了58 keV、1×1017 cm-2(约0.1 dpa)的氘离子辐照,辐照后进行了900℃/1 h的退火处理.离子辐照产生了平均尺寸为(11.10±5.41)nm,体密度约为2.40×1022 m-3的细小位错环组织,未观察到明显的空洞组织.辐照后退火造成了位错环尺寸的长大和体密度的下降,分别为(18.25±16.92) nm和1.19×1022 m-3.通过透射电镜的衍射衬度分析,判断辐照后退火样品中的位错环主要为a/2<111>类型位错环.通过“一步法” inside-outside衬度分析判断位错环为间隙型位错环.辐照后退火还造成了较大位错环之间接触融合,形成不规则形状的大型位错环.此外,退火后样品中还观察到了尺寸为1—2 nm的细小空洞组织. 相似文献
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核聚变堆材料在高能粒子辐照过程中会产生大量点缺陷,导致辐照脆性和辐照肿胀等现象.因而,研究点缺陷在辐照过程中的演变过程至关重要.点缺陷团簇的一维迁移现象是这种演变过程的主要研究内容之一.本文采用普通低压(200 kV)透射电镜,在室温条件下对注氢纯铝中的间隙型位错环在电子辐照下的一维迁移现象进行了观察和分析.在200 keV电子辐照下,注氢纯铝中的位错环可多个、同时发生一维迁移运动,也可单个、独立进行一维迁移运动.位错环沿柏氏矢量1/3<111>的方向可进行微米尺度的一维长程迁移,沿柏氏矢量1/2<110>的方向一维迁移也可达数百纳米.电子束辐照时产生的间隙原子浓度梯度是引起位错环一维迁移并决定其迁移方向的原因.位错环发生快速一维迁移时,其后会留下一条运动轨迹;位错环一维迁移的速率越快,运动的轨迹则越长,在完成迁移过后的几十秒内这些运动轨迹会逐渐消失. 相似文献
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bcc Fe中刃型位错的结构及能量学研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
基于位错理论,利用分子动力学方法建立了〈100〉{010},〈100〉{011},1/2〈111〉{011}和1/2〈111〉{112}刃型位错的芯结构,并计算了这四种刃型位错的形成能、位错芯能量和芯半径.计算结果表明:〈100〉{010}和〈100〉{011}刃型位错的形成能比1/2〈111〉{011}和1/2〈111〉{112}刃型位错的要高,这表明〈100〉刃型位错比1/2〈111〉刃型位错更难形成.而〈100〉{010}和〈100〉{011}刃型位错的芯半径比1/2〈111〉{011}和1/2〈111〉{112}刃型位错的小,这说明在1/2〈111〉刃型位错中位于奇异区的原子数多于〈100〉刃型位错,而这些原子要比完整晶体中的原子具有更大的活性.可见,1/2〈111〉刃型位错比〈100〉刃型位错更易运动,且〈100〉刃型位错在bcc Fe中难以形成.关键词:bcc Fe刃型位错分子动力学模拟 相似文献
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利用离散变分方法和DMol方法,研究了体心立方Fe中1/2[111](110)刃型位错上扭折及掺杂(N,O)体系的电子结构.能量(杂质偏聚能及格位能)计算结果表明,杂质元素N,O进入扭折芯区的偏聚趋势,这与位错扭折引起的晶格畸变有关.同时,在杂质元素周围有一些电荷聚集,导致扭折上电荷的不均匀分布,杂质原子得到电子,其周围Fe原子失去电子.由于N原子的2p轨道与近邻Fe原子的3d4s4p轨道之间杂化,使N原子与近邻Fe原子间有较强的相互作用,不利于扭折的迁移,使位错运动受阻,有利于材料强度的提高;而O与最近邻Fe原子之间的相互作用较弱.杂质-扭折复合体的局域效应明显影响体系的电子结构、能量及性能.关键词:电子结构刃型位错扭折杂质元素 相似文献
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基于广义惠更斯-菲涅尔原理,推导了生物组织传输中线刃型位错高斯谢尔模型光束交叉谱密度矩阵元的解析表达式,并比较了不同束腰宽度ω0x、离轴距离d、刃型位错斜率p、空间相关长度σ、σxy对光束轴上偏振度P(0,0,L)、方位角θ(0,0,L)和椭圆率e(0,0,L)的影响.研究表明,线刃型位错高斯谢尔模型光束ω0x越大,d越大,p越小,P(0,0,L)和e(0,0,L)变化越大且极值越小.σxy越大,P(0,0,L)、e(0,0,L)和θ(0,0,L)的绝对值越大.当σyy>σxx时,源处θ<0,反之θ>0.σy与σxx差值绝对值越小,P(0,0,L)、θ(0,0,L)和e(0,0,L)的极值越大.随传输距离增大,P(0,0,L)、θ(0,0,L)和e(0,0,L)最终趋于稳定. 相似文献
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金刚石中氦、氢含量的变化及在金刚石生长中的意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
天然金刚石自中心至边缘的显微傅里叶变换红外光谱研究表明:氮和氢在金刚石中的分布是不均匀的,这说明金刚石在整个生长过程中的物质环境是有差异的;中心至边缘的含氮总量、C-H键含量的总体降低趋势表明金刚石的生长过程是一个氮、氢的消耗过程,而中部的升高变化说明金刚石生长环境中存在氮、氢的补充,但氮补充得比氢更早一些.据此,可以将金刚石的生长过程划分为早期成核与长大、中期长大及末期长大三个阶段,其中早期和末期是氮和氢的消耗阶段,中期需要进行氮和氢的补充,且氮应该更早补充.氢对金刚石的生长是有利的,氢和氮不是以氮氢化合物的形式存在于金刚石生长的物质环境中,这暗示着在高温高压合成金刚石中欲引入氢,应当避免氮氢化合物的形成. 相似文献
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纳米晶硅薄膜中氢含量及键合模式的红外分析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
采用传统射频等离子体化学气相沉积技术在100—350℃的衬底温度下高速沉积氢化硅薄膜. 傅里叶变换红外光谱和Raman谱的研究表明,纳米晶硅薄膜中的氢含量和硅氢键合模式与薄膜的晶化特性有密切关系,当薄膜从非晶相向晶相转变时,氢的含量减少了一半以上,硅氢键合模式以SiH2为主. 随着衬底温度的升高和晶化率的增加,纳米晶硅薄膜中氢的含量以及其结构因子逐渐减少. 关键词:氢化纳米晶硅薄膜红外透射谱氢含量硅氢键合模式 相似文献
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硅晶体中点缺陷结合过程的分子动力学研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用分子动力学方法模拟研究了硅晶体中的空位和间隙原子的结合过程. 研究中采用了Stilliger-Weber三体经验势描述原子间的相互作用, 系统分别在低温300K和高温1400K进行弛豫. 计算中发现空位和间隙原子倾向于通过<111>方向结合,而<110>方向上存在着势垒. 通过势垒值的计算, 对Tang和Zawadzki势垒计算值的差异进行了解释.关键词:分子动力学空位与间隙原子扩散 相似文献
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Structures of several symmetrical tilt grain boundaries (GBs) with different tilt axes in Cu and Al and their interaction with vacancies and interstitials are studied using atomistic computer simulations with embedded-atom potentials. The lowest defect formation energy in a GB is found to correlate with the GB energy in both Cu and Al. Importantly, vacancies and self-interstitials in GBs have comparable formation energies, suggesting that both defects are equally important for GB diffusion and other properties. Vacancies in GBs can be either localized at certain sites or be delocalized over several sites. Some GB sites do not support a stable vacancy at all. Self-interstitial atoms can occupy relatively open interatomic positions, form split dumbbell configurations, or give rise to highly delocalized displacement zones. These structural forms of point defects have been observed across the whole set of twelve GBs in Cu and six GBs in Al studied in this paper as well as in our previous work [Interface Science 11, 131–148 (2003)]. It is suggested that these structural forms are general to all GBs in fcc metals. They can be explained by the existence of internal stresses and alternating tension and compression regions in the GB core. 相似文献
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S. Zh. Karazhanov 《physica status solidi b》2010,247(4):950-954
Here, we report a comparative analysis of the stability of different configurations of diatomic H and an oxygen vacancy, VO, in O‐deficient ZnO. It is found that in O deficient environment two spatially separated H, one occupying the interstitial site Hi and the other one substituting the O atom HO, which form shallow donor levels, can be energetically more favorable than the complex and other possible locations of H and VO. 相似文献
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Fission-track and K-Ar dating of basaltic glass from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge gives results which are consistent with the proposal of ocean-floor spreading. Correlation exists between the magnetic anomaly patterns over the Crest Mountains at 45°N and the age of the outcropping basalts. The observed sequences of ages progressing outward from the Median Valley 11,000, 230,000, 310,000, 750.000, 8,000,000, and 16,000,000 years constitute strong, direct support for the idea of ocean-bottom spreading. 相似文献
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The displacement field induced by a vacancy in nickel and its possible implications for the hydrogen solubility in the interstitial sites is investigated up to 1100 K. The displacement field is extracted from our previous atomistic-scale density functional theory calculations and is compared with continuous isotropic models with and without image forces due to the distribution of the defects. This procedure put in forward the contribution of the elastic anisotropy and the vacancy concentration on the elastic displacement field. Then, we calculate the dilatation of the interstitial sites due to the presence of the defect and the local hydrostatic stress acting on them. This local hydrostatic stress modifies the hydrogen solubility in the interstitial sites. Elastic distortions contribute to reduce the local solubility inside the vacancy core and the opposite out of it. Finally, we extract the elastic contribution of the trapping energy of hydrogen in the displacement field of the vacancy. We find that the elastic energy is significant only for the closest interstitial sites of the defect core and limits the attractive electronic contribution to the trapping energy. In addition, we show that the elastic anisotropy and the vacancy concentration have moderate effects on the local solubility in the displacement field close to the defect core. 相似文献
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Here, we investigated the irradiation defect in reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steels by slow positron beam. Three ion-irradiation experiments were carried out: (i) He2+ irradiation, (ii) H+ irradiation and (iii) He2+ irradiation followed by H+ irradiation, at temperature 450?°C. The presences of vacancy defects, represented by ?SHe+H parameter, induced by sequential irradiations was larger than the sum of defects, ?SHe parameter + ?SH parameter, caused by single He ions and single H ions. The synergistic effect of He and H was confirmed clearly from the perspective of positron annihilation spectroscopy. 相似文献
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In order to explain the adsorption isotherms of the amphiphilic penicillins nafcillin and cloxacillin onto human serum albumin (HSA), a cooperative multilayer adsorption model is introduced, combining the Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) adsorption isotherm with an amphiphilic ionic adsorbate, whose chemical potential is derived from Guggenheim's theory. The non-cooperative model has been previously proved to qualitatively predict the measured adsorption maxima of these drugs [Varela, L. M., García, M., Pérez-Rodríguez, M., Taboada, P., Ruso, J. M., and Mosquera, V., 2001, J. chem. Phys., 114, 7682]. The surface interactions among adsorbed drug molecules are modelled in a mean-field fashion, so the chemical potential of the adsorbate is assumed to include a term proportional to the surface coverage, the constant of proportionality being the lateral interaction energy between bound molecules. The interaction energies obtained from the empirical binding isotherms are of the order of tenths of the thermal energy, therefore suggesting the principal role of van der Waals forces in the binding process. 相似文献