Uniform embeddings of metric spaces and of banach spaces into hilbert spaces

It is proved using positive definite functions that a normed spaceX is unifomly homeomorphic to a subset of a Hilbert space, if and only ifX is (linearly) isomorphic to a subspace of aL ₀(μ) space (=the space of the measurable functions on a probability space with convergence in probability). As a result we get thatl _p (respectivelyL _p (0, 1)), 2<p<∞, is not uniformly embedded in a bounded subset of itself. This answers negatively the question whether every infinite dimensional Banach space is uniformly homeomorphic to a bounded subset of itself. Positive definite functions are also used to characterize geometrical properties of Banach spaces. Partially supported by the National Science Foundation, Grant MCS-79-03322. Partially supported by the National Science Foundation, Grant MCS-80-06073.     

Examples of uniformly homeomorphic Banach spaces

We give several examples of separable Banach spaces which are nonisomorphic but uniformly homeomorphic. For example, we show that for every 1 < p ≠ 2 < ∞ there are two uniformly homeomorphic subspaces (respectively, quotients) of ? _p which are not linearly isomorphic; similarly c ₀ has two uniformly homeomorphic subspaces which are not isomorphic. We also give an example of two non-isomorphic separable L _∞-spaces which are coarsely homeomorphic (i.e. have Lipschitz equivalent nets).     

The Poisson Kernel for Hardy Algebras

This note contributes to a circle of ideas that we have been developing recently in which we view certain abstract operator algebras H^∞(E), which we call Hardy algebras, and which are noncommutative generalizations of classical H^∞, as spaces of functions defined on their spaces of representations. We define a generalization of the Poisson kernel, which “reproduces” the values, on , of the “functions” coming from H^∞(E). We present results that are natural generalizations of the Poisson integral formula. They also are easily seen to be generalizations of formulas that Popescu developed. We relate our Poisson kernel to the idea of a characteristic operator function and show how the Poisson kernel identifies the “model space” for the canonical model that can be attached to a point in the disc . We also connect our Poisson kernel to various “point evaluations” and to the idea of curvature. The first named author was supported in part by grants from the National Science Foundation and from the U.S.-Israel Binational Science Foundation. The second named author was supported in part by the U.S.-Israel Binational Science Foundation and by the B. and G. Greenberg Research Fund (Ottawa).     

On the existence of noncompact bounded linear operators between certain Banach spaces

It is proved that if the Banach spaceE has an unconditional basis and ifF is another Banach space, the following two assertions are equivalent: (1) There is a non-compact bounded linear operator fromE intoF′. (2) The space of bounded linear operators fromE intoF′ has a subspace isomorphic toc ₀. This research was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grants GP 12027 and GU 3171. The author thanks the referee for simplifying the proof.     

The uniform structure of Banach spaces

We explore the existence of uniformly continuous sections for quotient maps. Using this approach we are able to give a number of new examples in the theory of the uniform structure of Banach spaces. We show for example that there are two non-isomorphic separable ${\mathcal L_1}$ -subspaces of ? ₁ which are uniformly homeomorphic. We also prove the existence of two coarsely homeomorphic Banach spaces (i.e. with Lipschitz isomorphic nets) which are not uniformly homeomorphic (answering a question of Johnson, Lindenstrauss and Schechtman). We construct a closed subspace of L ₁ whose unit ball is not an absolute uniform retract (answering a question of the author).     

Ideal properties of the Dunford integration operator

Let F be a Banach space. We establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the Dunford integration operator, from the space of F‐valued Dunford integrable functions to the bidual of F, to belong to a given operator ideal. We also show how this fact can be used to characterize important classes of Banach spaces, such as Banach spaces with the Banach‐Saks property, separable Banach spaces not containing c₀, Banach spaces not containing c₀ or ?₁ and Asplund spaces not containing c₀.     

Smoothness and estimates of sequences in Banach spaces

An upper bound for the order of smoothness of bump functions in Banach spaces without copy ofc ₀ is found in terms of lower and upper estimates of their sequences. It is also shown that everyC ^∞-smooth Banach space with symmetric basis either containsc ₀ or is isomorphic toℓ _2n for some integern. Partially supported by DGICYT grant PB 90-0044.     

Uniform Homeomorphisms of Unit Spheres and Property H of Lebesgue–Bochner Function Spaces

Assume that the unit spheres of Banach spaces X and Y are uniformly homeomorphic.Then we prove that all unit spheres of the Lebesgue–Bochner function spaces L_p(μ, X) and L_q(μ, Y)are mutually uniformly homeomorphic where 1 ≤ p, q ∞. As its application, we show that if a Banach space X has Property H introduced by Kasparov and Yu, then the space L_p(μ, X), 1 ≤ p ∞,also has Property H.     

The weak metric approximation property

We introduce and investigate the weak metric approximation property of Banach spaces which is strictly stronger than the approximation property and at least formally weaker than the metric approximation property. Among others, we show that if a Banach space has the approximation property and is 1-complemented in its bidual, then it has the weak metric approximation property. We also study the lifting of the weak metric approximation property from Banach spaces to their dual spaces. This enables us, in particular, to show that the subspace of c₀, constructed by Johnson and Schechtman, does not have the weak metric approximation property. The research of the second-named author was partially supported by Estonian Science Foundation Grant 5704 and the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.     

On the complemented subspaces problem

A Banach space is isomorphic to a Hilbert space provided every closed subspace is complemented. A conditionally σ-complete Banach lattice is isomorphic to anL _p -space (1≤p<∞) or toc ₀(Γ) if every closed sublattice is complemented.     

A note on the gl constant ofE \mathop \otimes \limits^ \vee F F

LetX andY be Banach spaces. TFAE (1)X andY do not contain subspaces uniformly isomorphic to (2) The local unconditional structure constant of the space of bounded operatorsL (X*_k,Y _k) tends to infinity for every increasing sequence and of finite-dimensional subspaces ofX andY respectively.     

Characterizations of some classes ofL 1-preduals by the Alfsen-Effros structure topology

Using the Alfsen-Effros structure topology on the extreme boundary of the dual unit ball of a complex Banach space, we give characterizations ofL ¹-preduals (i.e., Banach spaces whose duals are isometrically isomorphic toL ¹ (μ) for a non-negative measure μ) and some of its subclasses viz.G-spaces,C _σ-spaces and _c ⁰(Г) spaces.     

Espaces de Banach superstables,distances stables et homeomorphismes uniformes

We introduce here the notion of superstable Banach space, as the superproperty associated with the stability property of J. L. Krivine and B. Maurey. IfE is superstable, so are theL ^p (E) for eachp∈[1, +∞[. If the Banach spaceX uniformly imbeds into a superstable Banach space, then there exists an equivalent invariant superstable distance onX; as a consequenceX contains subspaces isomorphic tol ^p spaces (for somep∈[1, ∞[). We give also a generalization of a result of P. Enflo: the unit ball ofc ₀ does not uniformly imbed into any stable Banach space.     

Uncountable constructions for B.A. e.c. groups and banach spaces

This paper has two aims: to aid a non-logician to construct uncountable examples by reducing the problems to finitary problems, and also to present some construction solving open problems. We assume the diamond forℵ ₁ and solve problems in Boolean algebras, existentially closed groups and Banach spaces. In particular, we show that for a given countable e.c. groupM there is no uncountable group embeddable in everyG -equivalent toM; and that there is a non-separable Banach space with noℵ ₁ elements, no one being the closure of the convex hull of the others. Both had been well-known questions. We also deal generally with inevitable models (§4). The author would like to thank the NSF for partially supporting this research by grants H144-H747 and MCS-76-08479, and the United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation for partially supporting this research.     

Invariant subspaces of X** under the action of biconjugates

We study conditions on an infinite dimensional separable Banach space X implying that X is the only non-trivial invariant subspace of X** under the action of the algebra of biconjugates of bounded operators on . Such a space is called simple. We characterize simple spaces among spaces which contain an isomorphic copy of c ₀, and show in particular that any space which does not contain ℓ₁ and has property (u) of Pelczynski is simple.     

Strong convergence of approximated sequences for nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces

This paper studies the convergence of the sequence defined by x0∈C,xn 1=αnu (1-αn)Txn,n=0,1,2,…, where 0 ≤αn ≤ 1, limn→∞αn = 0, ∑∞n=0 αn = ∞, and T is a nonexpansive mapping from a nonempty closed convex subset C of a Banach space X into itself. The iterative sequence {xn} converges strongly to a fixed point of T in the case when X is a uniformly convex Banach space with a uniformly Gateaux differentiable norm or a uniformly smooth Banach space only. The results presented in this paper extend and improve some recent results.     

On unitary representability of topological groups

We prove that the additive group (E*, τ _k (E)) of an -Banach space E, with the topology τ _k (E) of uniform convergence on compact subsets of E, is topologically isomorphic to a subgroup of the unitary group of some Hilbert space (is unitarily representable). This is the same as proving that the topological group (E*, τ _k (E)) is uniformly homeomorphic to a subset of for some κ. As an immediate consequence, preduals of commutative von Neumann algebras or duals of commutative C*-algebras are unitarily representable in the topology of uniform convergence on compact subsets. The unitary representability of free locally convex spaces (and thus of free Abelian topological groups) on compact spaces, follows as well. The above facts cannot be extended to noncommutative von Neumann algebras or general Schwartz spaces. Research partially supported by Spanish Ministry of Science, grant MTM2008-04599/MTM. The foundations of this paper were laid during the author’s stay at the University of Ottawa supported by a Generalitat Valenciana grant CTESPP/2004/086.     

Uniqueness of symmetric basis in quasi-Banach spaces

We show that if X is a nonlocally convex natural quasi-Banach space with symmetric basis whose Banach envelope is isomorphic to ?₁, then all symmetric bases of X are equivalent. The scope of this result is quite ample since the Banach envelopes of natural quasi-Banach spaces with basis always exhibit an ?₁-like behavior, in the sense that they contain copies of 's uniformly complemented.     

The dual of the bourgain-delbaen space

It is shown that a -space with separable dual constructed by Bourgain and Delbaen has small Szlenk index and thus does not have a quotient isomorphic toC(ω^ω). It follows that this is a -space which is the same size asc ₀ in the sense of the Szlenk index but does not containc ₀. This has some consequences in the theory of uniform homeomorphism of Banach spaces.     

Boundedly complete basic sequences,c 0-subspaces,and injections of Banach spaces

We study the connection between topological properties of subsets of a given Banach space and their images under linear, continuous one-to-one mappings on the one hand and the existence in a given Banach space of either a boundedly complete basic sequence (BCBS) or an isomorphic copy ofc _o (c _o -subspace) on the other hand. We present criteria for the existence of a BCBS. They are deduced from new characterisations ofG _δ-embeddings which we also present. We obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for separability of a dual Banach space in terms of saturation by BCBS. Criteria for the existence in a Banach space of ac _o -subspace are also presented. We describe the class of separable Banach spaces which contains either a BCBS or ac _o -subspace. This research was supported by the Rashi Foundation.