烃类化合物碳氢键解离焓的密度泛函理论研究

通过比较10种密度泛函方法对烃类化合物碳氢键解离焓的计算精度, 发现新型密度泛函BMK方法具有最高的计算精度. 利用该方法计算了包含饱和链烃,、不饱和链烃、脂环烃和芳香烃在内的172个烃类化合物的碳氢键解离焓,计算均方根误差仅为7.95 kJ•mol^－1, 线性拟合常数为0.985. 通过自然键轨道法分析发现, 烃类物质的碳氢键解离焓与母体的碳氢键杂化轨道成分p%, 自由基奇电子轨道杂化成分p%及自由基的自旋密度三个参数之间存在较好的定量关系. 此外, 饱和链烷烃及不饱和链烃的碳氢键解离焓与碳氢键键长之间也存在较好的线性关系.     

槲皮素抗氧化活性的密度泛函理论研究

采用杂化密度泛函理论(DFT)方法, 预测了黄酮类化合物槲皮素分子的几何结构、电子结构和脱氢解离焓, 分析了这些性质与分子活性位的关系, 探讨了槲皮素分子的抗氧化活性, 即与活性氧自由基•OH, •OOH和 的反应机理. 在B3LYP/6-31＋G(d)水平下, 计算得到的槲皮素分子脱氢自由基的相对稳定性、脱氢解离焓和氢提取过程的活化能都表明, 槲皮素中的4 -羟基活性最高, 最有可能参与自由基的清除. 4 -羟基位的这种反应活性主要来源于相邻羟基之间的弱氢键相互作用. 深入研究槲皮素分子的抗氧化机理, 有助于更合理地设计和合成新的抗氧化剂.     

顺式效应的起源: 双取代乙烯衍生物的密度泛函理论研究

一般情况下双取代乙烯衍生物的反式构象要比顺式构象稳定. 但是例外也存在, 例如1,2-二氟乙烯和1,2-二氯乙烯. 这种双取代乙烯衍生物顺式构象的超常稳定性被称之为顺式效应. 该效应的起源和本质目前仍没有定论. 本文以12 个体系(XHC=CHY (X, Y=F, Cl, Br, CN, CH₃, C₂H₆, OCH₃))为例, 对顺式效应的有效性、起源和本质进行系统的密度泛函理论研究, 其中9个体系存在顺式效应, 另外3个为正常体系没有该效应. 采用一系列泛函和基组研究其有效性, 并运用四种分析手段, 如自然键轨道(NBO)、能量分量分析(EDA)、密度泛函活性理论(DFRT)和非共价相互作用(NCI)分析, 剖析该效应的起源和本质. 发现在顺式构象的两个取代基之间存在一种微弱的非共价相互吸引作用. 能量分析表明, 静电效应、立体效应等对顺式效应的存在都起着重要作用, 但是它们均不能单独用来解释顺式效应的起源. 也就是说顺式效应没有一个简单的起源, 它是多种作用合力的结果. 本文采用双变量解释得到比较合理的相关回归系数R²=0.86-0.87,较好地解释了顺式效应的本质和起源.     

水分子在立方 ZrO2(110) 面吸附与解离的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论巾的广义梯度近似(GGA)的PW91方法结合周期性平板模型,研究了H2O,OH和O在立方ZrO2(110)面上不同吸附位的吸附.结果表明,在bridge位H2O以垂直底物甲面氢原子向上模式吸附在立方ZrO2(110)而时发牛解离形成表面羟基,吸附能为150.5 kJ/mo1.而在top位H2O以垂直底物平面氢原子向下模式吸附为物理吸附,吸附能为14.8 kJ/mo1.OH和O在立方ZrO2(110)面的最佳吸附位是top位,其吸附能分别为241.5和209.1 kJ/mo1.同时分析了Mulliken布居、态密度和伸缩振动频率.     

密度泛函法计算C1-C14正构烃生成焓及C-C键裂解能

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法研究了费托石脑油裂解反应中涉及到C₁-C₁₄正构烃和自由基中间体的生成焓及其C-C键解离能(BDE)。 结果表明,在所有评价的密度泛函理论方法（B97-1、BB1K、B1B95、MPWB1K和MPW1B95）中,MPW1B95/6-311G(d,p)方法计算最精确。 以此方法为基准,进一步对高碳烃及其裂解产物的标准生成焓和C-C键解离能进行了预测。 与可得到的实验数据相比,MPW1B95/6-311G(d,p)方法预测的烃和自由基的平均生成焓分别为0.8和2.7 kJ/mol,C-C键解离能的平均绝对误差只有3.1 kJ/mol,表明此方法不仅可准确计算正构烃标准生成焓和C-C键解离能,而且还能正确预测C-C键解离能变化趋势。     

镍掺杂的镁(0001)面上氢气解离的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论研究了氢气在镍掺杂的镁(0001)面上的解离吸附过程.通过固定键长法计算得到氢分子在镍掺杂的镁(0001)面上的解离能垒为0.09eV,而在清洁镁(0001)面上,氢气的解离能垒为1.15eV.电子结构分析表明,解离能垒的降低是由于氢分子与表面镍原子形成反馈键并被填充所致.这一计算结果表明,在镁中加入过渡金属催化剂会大大提高储氢材料的动力学性能.     

化合物Mo(CO)~n^+(n=1～6)构型和键离能的密度泛函研究

采用DFT/B3LYP方法研究了化合物Mo(CO)~n^+(n=1～6)的基态可能构型,对于各n值,基态可能构型(电子态)依次为：直线型(^6∑^+),直线型(^6∑~g^+),C~2~υ(^2A~2)或D~3~h(^6A~1),D~4~H(^4A~1~g),C~2~ν(^2B~2)或C~4~ν'(^2B~1),D~3~d(^2A~1~g)。计算结果表明,对于n≥3时,碎片离子的构型与体系自旋多重度关系敏感。进一步计算了Mo－CO键的逐级解离能,计算值与实验结果能较好吻合,并从Mo原子4d和5s轨道杂化角度来解释该键解离能随n值的非单调变化。     

化合物Mo(CO)~n^+(n=1～6)构型和键离能的密度泛函研究

采用DFT/B3LYP方法研究了化合物Mo(CO)~n^+(n=1～6)的基态可能构型,对于各n值,基态可能构型(电子态)依次为：直线型(^6∑^+),直线型(^6∑~g^+),C~2~υ(^2A~2)或D~3~h(^6A~1),D~4~H(^4A~1~g),C~2~ν(^2B~2)或C~4~ν'(^2B~1),D~3~d(^2A~1~g)。计算结果表明,对于n≥3时,碎片离子的构型与体系自旋多重度关系敏感。进一步计算了Mo－CO键的逐级解离能,计算值与实验结果能较好吻合,并从Mo原子4d和5s轨道杂化角度来解释该键解离能随n值的非单调变化。     

气相中La催化乙烯脱氢及C-C键耦合的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论中的B3LYP方法研究了气相中过渡金属La在二、四重态势能面上催化C2H4的反应机理。全参数优化了二、四重态势能面上各个驻点的几何构型,同时对过渡态进行了频率分析,使用内禀反应坐标（IRC）方法验证了过渡态的准确性,通过AIM理论和NBO分析方法对主要的驻点进行了键分析,并对2IM1、2IM3进行了态密度分析。结果表明：La与C2H4的反应存在两种可能的路径,反应在二重态势能面上进行且均为放热反应。键分析表明初始复合物中La与C2H4分子之间为共价作用。     

甲硫醇在Cu(111)表面的解离吸附: 密度泛函理论研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法和平板模型研究了CH₃SH分子在Cu(111)表面的吸附反应.系统地计算了S原子在不同位置以不同方式吸附的一系列构型, 第一次得到未解离的CH₃SH分子在Cu(111)表面顶位上的稳定吸附构型,该构型吸附属于弱的化学吸附, 吸附能为0.39 eV. 计算同时发现在热力学上解离结构比未解离结构更加稳定. 解离的CH₃S吸附在桥位和中空位之间, 吸附能为0.75-0.77 eV. 计算分析了未解离吸附到解离吸附的两条反应路径, 最小能量路径的能垒为0.57 eV. 计算结果还表明S―H键断裂后的H原子并不是以H₂分子的形式从表面解吸附而是以与表面成键的形式存在. 通过比较S原子在独立的CH₃SH分子和吸附状态下的局域态密度, 发现S―H键断裂后S原子和表面的键合强于未断裂时S原子和表面的键合.     

Density Functional Theory Calculations on Ni-Ligand Bond Dissociation Enthalpies

The formation and breaking of Ni-L (L=N-heterocyclic carbene, tertiary phosphine etc.) bond is involved in many Ni-catalyzed/mediated reactions. The accurate prediction of Ni-L bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) is potentially important to understand these Ni-complex involving reactions. We assess the accuracy of diffierent DFT functionals (such as B3LYP, M06, MPWB1K, etc.) and diffierent basis sets, including both effective core potentials for Ni and the all electron basis sets for all other atoms in predicting the Ni-L BDE values reported recently by Nolan et al. [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 10490 (2003) and Organometallics 27, 3181 (2008)]. It is found that the MPWB1K/LanL2DZ:6-31+G(d,p)//MPWB1K/LanL2DZ:6-31G(d) method gives the best correlations with the experimental results. Meanwhile, the solvent effect calculations (with CPCM, PCM, and SMD models) indicate that both CPCM and PCM perform well.     

碳氟键均裂解离能的密度泛函理论研究

运用6种密度泛函方法(B3LYP, B3P86, B3PW91, PBE1PBE, MPW1B95, MPW1K)对15个含氟有机化合物的碳氟键均裂解离能进行理论计算, 得到的理论值与实验值比较, 发现B3P86方法用于碳氟键均裂解离能的计算相对可靠. 使用验证后的理论方法对含氟杂环有机化合物和卤氟烃中的碳氟键均裂解离能进行了预测和分析, 并进一步讨论了α-取代基效应以及Hammett型取代基效应对碳氟键均裂解离能的影响.     

DFT Study on Homolytic Dissociation Enthalpies of C-I Bonds

The C-I bond dissociation enthalpies （BDE） of various organic iodides were calculated using high-level theoretical methods including MP2 and CCSD（T） with extrapolated basis set as well as a number of density functional theory methods. After systematic evaluation of the theoretical results against available experimental C-I BDEs, it was found that the MPW LYPIM method gave the lowest root mean square error. We, therefore, used this method to examine the substituent effects on different categories of C（sp3）-I and C（sp2）-I bonds. Fur thermore, the remote substituent effects on the C-I BDEs of substituted iodobenzenes and substituted （iodomethyl）benzenes were also investigated at the same level. The C-I BDEs of typical heteroaromatic iodides including five-membered and six-membered heterocyclic iodides were also examined.     

Accurate Prediction of IrH Bond Dissociation Enthalpies by Density Functional Theory Methods

The iridium hydride complexes have been extensively used in organic reactions, such as oxidation and hydrogenation reactions. In many of these reactions, the dissociation or formation of Ir? H bond plays an important role in determining the overall reaction rates and yields. In the present study, the accuracy of different theoretical methods for prediction of Ir? H bond strengths has been examined on the basis of the previously reported Ir? H BDEs of 17 different complexes. Comparing the performance of different DFT functionals (e.g. B3LYP, TPSS, M06), different basis sets (including the different effective core potentials (ECP) on Ir and I atoms, and the total electron basis sets on the other atoms), and different solvation models (SMD, CPCM, and IEFPCM) in solution phase single point calculations, we found that the gas‐phase calculation with TPSS/(LanL2DZ: 6‐31G(d)) method is relatively more accurate than the other gas‐phase calculation methods, and can well simulate the Ir? H BDEs in low‐polarity solvents (such as chlorobenzene and dichloroethane). Finally, efforts were put in analyzing the structure‐activity relationships between the ligand structure (around Ir center) and the Ir? H BDEs. We wish the present study could benefit future studies on the Ir‐H complexes involved organic reactions.     

Assessment of Contemporary Theoretical Methods for Bond Dissociation Enthalpies

The density functional theory (DFT) is the most popular method for evaluating bond dis-sociation enthalpies (BDEs) of most molecules. Thus, we are committed to looking for alternative methods that can balance the computational cost and higher precision to the best for large systems. The performance of DFT, double-hybrid DFT, and high-level com-posite methods are examined. The tested sets contain monocyclic and polycyclic aromatic molecules, branched hydrocarbons, small inorganic molecules, etc. The results show that the mPW2PLYP and G4MP2 methods achieve reasonable agreement with the benchmark values for most tested molecules, and the mean absolute deviations are 2.43 and 1.96 kcal/mol after excluding the BDEs of branched hydrocarbons. We recommend the G4MP2 is the most appropriate method for small systems (atoms number ≤20); the double-hybrid DFT methods are advised for large aromatic molecules in medium size (20 ≤atoms number ≤50), and the double-hybrid DFT methods with empirical dispersion correction are recommended for long-chain and branched hydrocarbons in the same size scope; the DFT methods are advised to apply for large systems (atoms number ≥50), and the M06-2X and B3P86 methods are also favorable. Moreover, the di erences of optimized geometry of different methods are discussed and the effects of basis sets for various methods are investigated.     

取代基效应对褐煤模型化合物离解焓影响的理论研究

为了探究褐煤热解过程中氧桥键C-O均裂这一重要反应, 选取α-O-4和β-O-4类结构单元作为褐煤模型化合物, 运用不同密度泛函计算了部分模型化合物中C-O的离解焓, 并以CBS-QB3作为理论基准值进行比较, 最后选取M05-2X进行离解焓计算. 结果显示, 对于选定的α-O-4和β-O-4类模型化合物, 其平均离解焓分别为51.0 kcal/mol和66.1 kcal/mol. 周围取代环境能显著影响C-O离解焓, 芳环上存在给电子基团(OH, OCH₃和CH₃)能降低C-O离解焓, 而吸电子基团COOH则能增加其离解焓. 然后深层次分析了取代基效应对C-O离解焓的影响. 此外, 分子内氢键的形成对离解焓也有很大的影响. C-O的离解焓与其键长没有特定的相关性, 不能简单的通过C-O键长来预测其离解焓.     

取代氯苯化合物的电子结构和键离解能的理论研究

利用密度泛函（DFT）三种交换／相关函数（B3LYP,B3PW91,B3P86）结合6—31G^＊＊和 6-311G^＊＊基组,计算了13个取代氯苯化合物的键离解能．结果表明B3PS6／6—311G^＊＊方法是计算取代氯苯化合物键离解能的可信方法,研究发现C—Cl键的键离解能与所使用的基组和计算方法密切相关,取代基对C—Cl键的键离解能的影响不明显．研究了目标化合物的前线轨道能级差,并对取代氯苯化合物的热稳定性做了评估．     

Theoretical Study of the N-NO2 Bond Dissociation Energies for Energetic Materials with Density Functional Theory

The N-NO2 bond dissociation energies （BDEs） for 7 energetic materials were computed by means of accurate density functional theory （B3LYP, B3PW91 and B3P86） with 6-31G＊＊ and 6-311G＊＊ basis sets. By comparing the computed energies and experimental results, we find that the B3P86/6-311G＊＊ method can give good results of BDE, which has the mean absolute deviation of 1.30kcal/mol. In addition, substituent effects were also taken into account. It is noted that the Hammett constants of substituent groups are related to the BDEs of the N-NO2 bond and the bond dissociation energies of the energetic materials studied decrease when increasing the number of NO2 group.