Spectroscopic properties of transition elements and their related magnetic properties

Optical and magnetic properties of transition elements (nd^N and nf^N ions) are re-analysed. The aim of this work is to see how far a unique set of phenomenological parameters, those introduced by crystal-ligand field theory described on the ∣αSLJM> kets, can describe the experimental data.     

Kiselev黑洞的热力学性质和物质吸积特性

本文考虑带有黑洞视界和宇宙视界的Kiselev时空.研究以黑洞视界和宇宙视界为边界的系统的热力学性质.统一地给出了两个系统的热力学第一定律;在黑洞视界半径远小于宇宙视界半径的情况下,近似地计算了通过宇宙视界和黑洞视界的热能.然后,探讨Kiselev时空的物质吸积特性.在吸积能量密度正比于背景能量密度的条件下给出黑洞的吸积率,讨论了黑洞吸积率与暗能量态方程参数的关系.     

Electronic properties of chalcopyrites

Using Phillips and Van Vechten theory [1–3], the values of the homopolar gap, ionic gap and Penn gap have been evaluated for thirty-one chalcopyrites. The values so derived have been found in accordance with the values obtained from the Penn model and the Phillips model. Using the above parameters the microhardness has been determined. The values obtained are in agreement with experimental data. The electronic polarizabilities have also been evaluated using the Clausius-Mossotti relation. The values are in agreement with the ordinary sums of the polarizabilities of individual bonds.     

Conformational properties of polymers

We discuss exact enumeration technique and its application to polymers and biopolymers. Using this method one can obtain phase diagram in thermodynamic limit. The method works quite well in describing the outcomes of single molecule force spectroscopy results where finite size effects play a crucial role.      

Dynamic properties of graphene

The phonon spectrum of graphene has been studied with the minimum set of the nearest neighbors in the Born-von Kármán model taking into account the electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions. The widths, both natural and owing to interactions with defects, of phonons have been estimated. Symmetry constraints imposed on force constants are taken into account. For symmetry reasons, vibrations with the polarization normal to the plane of the layer are not related to in-plane vibrations. The phonon frequencies at symmetry points and elastic moduli are expressed in terms of force constants.     

Spectral-luminsecent properties of polyalkanesteramides

Absorption and fluorescence spectra and fluorescence quantum yields of solutions and transparent films of polyalkanesterimides (PAEI) were studied. The molecular chain of the investigated polyalkanesterimides contains phthalimide repeating units and –(CH₂)_n– fragments where n = 6 and 10. It is shown that the fluorescent properties of such polymers are the same as those of low-molecular-weight phthalimide luminophores. The alkane fragments contained in the polymer chain have been concluded to prohibit a charge-transfer transition and thereby enhance the polyalkanesterimide fluorescence intensity.     

Transport properties of SmO

The electrical resistivity and thermoelectric power of SmO are measured between 4.2 and 300 K. The existence of a low temperature T² law in the resistivity and the large and roughly constant magnetic susceptibility suggest that SmO presents large spin fluctuations.     

Physical properties of chromium

This review is concerned with experimental data on the physical properties of chromium metal as related to the nature of the spin-density-wave (SDW) magnetic order. Neutron diffraction, fermiology and theory are specifically excluded from the scope of the article, except as necessary for clarity, and most attention is paid to the most recent and/or best work on the purest samples prepared in a single-Q state. Particular attention is paid to the transverse SDW phase and the interpretation of data on it in terms of domains.     

Coherence properties of sunlight

The coherence properties of sunlight were first studied by Verdet around 1869 and were later examined by other scientists. However, all the previous calculations assumed that the Earth is in the far zone of the Sun, an assumption that is incorrect. An investigation of why Verdet's result is nevertheless correct reveals a surprising property of radiation from incoherent sources.     

Far-infrared properties of DAST

Using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, we have measured the index of refraction and the absorption coefficient of the organic ionic salt 4-N, N-dimethylamino-4?-N?-methyl-stilbazolium tosylate (DAST). This promising organic electro-optic material exhibits strong absorption and dispersion for frequencies above 1 THz at both room temperature and 83 K. No reduction in the absorption strength is observed when DAST is cooled, suggesting a single-phonon origin of the resonances. A simple vibration of the anion and cation of the salt is suggested as the origin of the exceptionally strong far-infrared absorption and the high-frequency electro-optic properties of DAST.     

Photoemission properties of metals

Photoemission has emerged over the last decade as a powerful method for studying electronic band structures. The applicabhty of the method to metals was established by Berglund and Spicer¹ in their landmark experiments on Cu and Ag. It had been believed, largely on the basis of optical absorption data, that the upper edge of the d bands in Cu and Ag lay at 2 and 4 eV below the Fermi level, respectively. Berglund and Spicer's measurements of the photoelectron energy spectra revealed these edges in a spectacular way and also uncovered some of the substructure of the d bands. Since then the technique has undergone some refinement and has been applied to a large number of materials. Photoemission measurements share the advantage of optical absorption measurements in that they are able to probe electronic states well removed from the Ferrni level. They have the added advantage that they give the initial and final energies as well as the frequencies of prominent optical transitions.     

Effect of surface physicochemical properties on the lubricating properties of water film

Effect of surface physicochemical properties on the water film confined within a nanogap was investigated. The film thickness and friction force were measured by the Relative Optical Interference Intensity (ROII) method and a UMT-2MT tribotester. It was found that the confined water film formed the thicker lubricate film than the prediction of elastic-isoviscous lubrication theory. Experimental results indicate that the higher the solid/water interfacial energy is, the thicker lubricate film the highly viscous “interphase” water layer forms and the lower the friction force is.     

Electronic properties of kekulene

The fluorescence and phosphorescence of kekulene in a host matrix of polycrystalline tetrachlorobenzene are investigated, together with the triplet zero field splitting parameters |D| and |E| obtained by ODMR in zero field. The D value is also calculated within a semi-empirical π-theory and compared with experiment. It could be shown that the triplet state energies of a number of different sites of kekulene in the host matrix and the zero field splitting parameters are related, in first order, by spin orbit interaction.     

Anharmonic properties of TmTe

Data on elastic constants and associated properties at high temperature for TmTe crystal are presented and discussed starting from primary physical parameters viz. nearest neighbour distance and hardness parameter assuming long- and short-range potentials. When the values of the higher order elastic constants are known for a crystal, many of the anharmonic properties of the crystal can be treated within the limit of the continuum approximation in a quantitative manner. In this study, higher order elastic constants and related properties are computed upto 1000 K for TmTe. The first-order pressure derivatives of second- and third-order elastic constants, the second-order pressure derivatives of second-order elastic constants and partial contractions are also evaluated at different temperatures. The results thus obtained are compared with other available data and found in well agreement with present values.     

Decay properties of baryonia

Decay properties of baryonia are discussed and widths are estimated for L = 1 states. All presently known candidates for baryonia are shown to have properties consistent with those expected. Several novel characteristics which are to be anticipated are pointed out.