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1.
电推进是利用电能加热、离解和加速工质,使其形成高速射流而产生推力的技术。与化学推进相比,电推进具有比冲高、推力小、能重复启动、重量轻和寿命长等特点,因而电推进可用作航天器的姿态控制、轨道转移和提升、轨道修正、阻力补偿、位置保持、重新定位、离轨处理、宇宙探测和星际航行等任务。 相似文献
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我国空间电推进技术已进入成熟和全面应用的新阶段。为进一步促进电推进技术发展,加速推动空间动力领域技术进步,采用调研、对比分析的方法,以功率为划分标准,重点结合未来空间任务对电推进的应用需求,针对电推进各技术方向的特点,从“中、微、超”3个功率区间对空间电推进进行了分类综述。总结了国内外电推进技术的发展现状和存在的不足,提出了需要攻克的关键难点,研判了发展的主要趋势,归纳了存在的共性问题,提出了未来10年空间电推进技术的发展建议,供我国卫星用户、总体单位和空间电推进专业技术单位参考。 相似文献
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在恒星辐照度谱模型的基础上,根据卫星轨道理论及恒星数据库建立仿真实验系统,对低轨卫星与中继卫星间(LEO_GEO)、中继卫星间(GEO_GEO)、低轨卫星间(LEO_LEO)三种典型的星间激光链路进行了仿真研究,深入分析了恒星背景噪声对卫星光通信终端跟瞄子系统的影响规律、背景光功率等特性。仿真结果表明:对于视场较大的LEO终端,恒星进入视场的概率约为7%~10%,而对于视场较小的GEO终端,恒星进入视场的概率仅为0.05%,恒星背景光功率约为10-13~10-11W。该项工作对星间激光链路设计、光通信系统参数优化等工作具有一定指导意义。 相似文献
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TDICCD相机的卫星姿态稳定度确定 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为解决卫星平台振动造成的图像质量下降问题,提高TDI CCD相机成像质量,分析了卫星姿态稳定度的范围及影响。讨论了卫星平台振动与TDI CCD成像质量的相关性,推导了卫星平台姿态稳定度和像移的关系公式,得出TDI CCD相机对卫星姿态稳定度的要求与轨道高度以及积分级数有关。实验验证了公式推导,结果显示:轨道高度越高,积分级数越大,对卫星姿态稳定度的要求就越严格。数据表明:轨道高度在200~1000 km变化时,对卫星姿态稳定度的要求从0.0377 rad/s提升至0.00635 rad/s;TDI CCD 相机的积分级数在1~100间变化时,对卫星姿态稳定度的要求从0.014 rad/s提升到0.00014 rad/s。本文工作确定了卫星姿态稳定度和轨道高度以及积分级数的关系,有助于TDI CCD成像质量的提升。 相似文献
6.
针对我国小行星探测任务对电推进系统离子推力器设计要求,基于等离子体基本理论建立了多模式离子推力器输入参数与输出特性关系,完成各工作点下屏栅电压、束电流、阳极电流、加速电压,流率等输入参数设计,采用试验研究和理论分析的方法研究了推力器工作特性.试验结果表明:在设计输入参数下,23个工作点推力最大误差小于3%,比冲最大误差小于4%,在功率为289—3106 W下,推力为9.7—117.6 mN,比冲为1220—3517 s,效率为23.4%—67.8%,电子返流极限电压随着推力增加单调减小,最小、最大推力下分别为-79.5 V和-137 V,放电损耗随着功率增大从359.7 W/A下降到210 W/A,并在886 W时存在明显拐点,效率随功率增大而上升,在1700 W后增速变缓并趋于稳定,在轨应用可综合推力器性能、任务剖面要求、寿命,合理设计输入参数区间,制定控制策略. 相似文献
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脉冲激光烧蚀推进技术具有比冲高和推力可精确控制的特点,既可用于发射有效载荷也可用于星载动力,甚至可用小行星表面物质作为推进剂使其偏转轨道,因此,在航天领域得到越来越多关注。围绕激光单级入轨发射、同步轨道和火星轨道运输;激光微推力器用于航天器姿轨控,以及激光与电组合推进;激光烧蚀操控cm级空间碎片的轨道,以及激光烧蚀操控较大尺寸碎片的姿态;激光烧蚀偏转小行星轨道等方面,对脉冲激光烧蚀推进技术在航天领域研究现状和进展,进行了系统全面地归纳和总结,并对激光平均功率、波长、脉宽和推进剂选材等关键问题,进行了详细分析。 相似文献
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卫星组网是满足未来空间通信需求的有效方式,为实现空间卫星组网的可视化,设计了一种卫星组网可视化仿真系统;系统由星座设计分系统、星座覆盖性能分析分系统、数据处理分系统和可视化分系统组成;在组网过程中,首先在星座设计分系统中设置星座的参数,根据轨道参数模型计算出星座中每颗卫星的轨道参数,并将计算结果输出给星座覆盖性能分析分系统,完成对纬度、区域和全球覆盖效果的分析、评估和显示;仿真结果表明:系统能够对卫星组网进行实时计算和显示,计算精度比STK仿真软件提高12%,系统运行稳定,界面良好。 相似文献
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The space particle component detector on Fengyun-1 satellite which works at the sun-synchronous orbit of about 870 km altitude
has detected relativistic electrons for a long time. In comparison with the SAMPEX satellite observations during 1999–2004,
the relativistic electron data from Fengyun-1 satellite from June 1999 to 2005 are used to analyze the relativistic electron
enhancement (REE) events at the low earth orbit, and the possible correlation among REE events at the low earth orbit, high-speed
solar wind and geomagnetic storms is discussed. The statistical result presents that 45 REE events are found in total during
this time period, and the strong REE events with the maximum daily average flux > 400 cm−2·srt-1·s−1 occur mostly during the transition period from solar maximum to solar minimum. Among these 45 REE events, four strong REE
events last a longer time period from 26-to 51-day and correlate closely with high speed solar wind and strong geomagnetic
storms. Meanwhile, several strong geomagnetic storms occur continuously before these REE events, and these continuous geomagnetic
storms would be an important factor causing these long-lasting strong REE events. The correlation analysis for overall 45
events indicates that the strength of the REE events correlates with the solar wind speed and the strength of the geomagnetic
storm, and the correlation for strong REE events is much stronger than that for weak REE events. 相似文献
12.
A simplex method of orbit determination (SMOD) is presented to solve the problem of orbit determination for maneuvering satellites subject to small and continuous thrust. The objective function is established as the sum of the nth powers of the observation errors based on global positioning satellite (GPS) data. The convergence behavior of the proposed method is analyzed using a range of initial orbital parameter errors and n values to ensure the rapid and accurate convergence of the SMOD. For an uncontrolled satellite, the orbit obtained by the SMOD provides a position error compared with GPS data that is commensurate with that obtained by the least squares technique. For low Earth orbit satellite control, the precision of the acceleration produced by a small pulse thrust is less than 0.1% compared with the calibrated value. The orbit obtained by the SMOD is also compared with weak GPS data for a geostationary Earth orbit satellite over several days. The results show that the position accuracy is within 12.0 m. The working efficiency of the electric propulsion is about 67% compared with the designed value. The analyses provide the guidance for subsequent satellite control. The method is suitable for orbit determination of maneuvering satellites subject to small and continuous thrust. 相似文献
13.
D. P. Singh Chauhan D. P. Tiwari A. K. Tripathi S. K. Pandey S. C. Dubey 《Indian Journal of Physics》2010,84(7):881-886
In the present study, we have analysed large geomagnetic storms associated with storm time index (Dst) decrease of more than 100 nT observed during 1997–2007 and found 90 geomagnetic storms falling in our selection criteria.
We have analyzed the association of the above selected 90 large geomagnetic storms with three types of solar drivers: single
front-side halo CME (S-type), multiple front-side halo CMEs (M-type) and corotating interaction region, CIR (C-type). It is
found that 58% storms were caused by single front-side halo CME (S-type), whereas 30% storms were caused by multiple front-side
halo CMEs (M-type). Rest 12% storms were caused by corotating interaction region (CIR). We find that there is an east-west
asymmetry and north-south asymmetry as well. We have also shown the association of the selected 90 large geomagnetic storms
with three types of surface source region: active region, quiet region and coronal holes. We find that 62% storms were caused
by active region whereas 10% storms were caused by quiet region. 12% storms were caused by coronal holes. Surface source region
of rest 16% storms are unknown due to data gap. 相似文献
14.
Owens J.K. Vaughan W.W. Niehuss K.O. Minow J. 《IEEE transactions on plasma science. IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society》2000,28(6):1920-1930
Accurate prediction of a spacecraft/satellite orbital lifetime, insertion altitude, reboost requirements, and mission performance is mainly the result of the integrated effect from knowledge of the atmospheric density, space weather (solar/geomagnetic), and timeline of vehicle characteristics. Each of these elements is dependent upon a model developed to provide the inputs necessary for the use of an orbital lifetime prediction program. This paper will address relative influences of these elements with emphasis on solar/geomagnetic activity, atmospheric density, and drag coefficient associated with the model products used to predict orbital lifetime and related spacecraft/satellite design and operational conditions. Issues associated with the potential for improvement of the lifetime prediction model input elements will be discussed with regard to their relative contributions to improving orbital lifetime and performance predictions 相似文献
15.
A. A. Abunin M. A. Abunina A. V. Belov E. A. Eroshenko V. A. Oleneva V. G. Yanke 《Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics》2013,77(5):535-537
The 19th solar cycle was characterized by abnormally high solar activity; unfortunately, the possibilities of observing it were limited. Ground-based observations of cosmic rays and geomagnetic activity are among the few types of continuous measurements that allow statements about the events of 19th cycle and their comparison with events of other cycles. Comparison of the events in cosmic rays with solar and geomagnetic activities shows that the number and strength of magnetic storms in the 19th cycle correspond to an abnormally high number of sunspots. However, large Forbush decreases were lacking in this cycle. The most powerful ICMEs of the 19th cycle were generally weaker than the greatest ones in later periods. 相似文献
16.
Agnieszka Gil Vasile Glavan Anna Wawrzaszek Renata Modzelewska Lukasz Tomasik 《Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,23(11)
We are concerned with the time series resulting from the computed local horizontal geoelectric field, obtained with the aid of a 1-D layered Earth model based on local geomagnetic field measurements, for the full solar magnetic cycle of 1996–2019, covering the two consecutive solar activity cycles 23 and 24. To our best knowledge, for the first time, the roughness of severe geomagnetic storms is considered by using a monofractal time series analysis of the Earth electric field. We show that during severe geomagnetic storms the Katz fractal dimension of the geoelectric field grows rapidly. 相似文献
17.
This paper studies the relationship between solar activity and big earthquakes (Ms≥8) that occurred in China and western Mongolia. It is discovered that the occurrence dates of most of the big earthquakes in and near faults with west-east strike are close to the maximum years of sunspot numbers, whereas dates of some big earthquakes which are not in such faults are not close to the maximum years. We consider that it is possibly because of the appearance of many magnetic storms in the maximum years of solar activity. The magnetic storms result in anomalies of geomagnetic field and then produce eddy current in the faults gestating earthquake with near west-east strike. Perhaps the gestated big earthquakes occur easily since the eddy current heats the rocks in the faults and therefore decreases the shear resistant intensity and the static friction limit of the rocks. 相似文献
18.
This paper studies the relationship between solar activity and big earthquakes (Ms≥8) that occurred in China and western Mongolia. It is discovered that the occurrence dates of most of the big earthquakes
in and near faults with west-east strike are close to the maximum years of sunspot numbers, whereas dates of some big earthquakes
which are not in such faults are not close to the maximum years. We consider that it is possibly because of the appearance
of many magnetic storms in the maximum years of solar activity. The magnetic storms result in anomalies of geomagnetic field
and then produce eddy current in the faults gestating earthquake with near west-east strike. Perhaps the gestated big earthquakes
occur easily since the eddy current heats the rocks in the faults and therefore decreases the shear resistant intensity and
the static friction limit of the rocks. 相似文献
19.
V. V. Klimenko R. Yu. Luk’yanova M. V. Klimenko 《Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics》2013,7(5):620-631
Previously, a global self-consistent model of the thermosphere, ionosphere, and protonosphere (GSM TIP) was used to study the ionospheric effects of geomagnetic storms in 2005, 2006, 2010, and 2011. In these studies, the input parameters of the model were specified using different dependences of variations of the potential difference across the polar caps and of the spatial distribution of Region 2 field-aligned currents during geomagnetic storms on the geomagnetic activity indices, solar wind parameters, and interplanetary magnetic field parameters. In the present work, we have tried to examine how correct was the choice of these relationships and how faithful are the obtained global distributions of the electric field in the ionosphere. For this, we present the results of a comparative analysis of the electric field in the ionosphere during geomagnetic storms of May 2–3, 2010, obtained using two models (GSM TIP and LC06) based on different approaches to solving this problem. 相似文献
20.
Experimental data about high-energy particle fluxes obtained in 1990-2000 in the Riabina-2 experiment on board MIR orbital station are analyzed in the sense of data failures. There are two types of failure. The first type is represented as sharp positive or negative spikes on the relatively smooth time profiles of the particle fluxes. The second type is randomly distributed data gaps with durations of up to tens minutes. These two kinds of the data failures are formalized in the form of "failure occurrence probability" (FOP). The comparison analysis of the FOP with solar activity, solar wind conditions and geomagnetic activity shows that one half of the observed data failures are owing to noise originating mostly from electronic equipment on board MIR station. The other half of the data failures are closely connected to geomagnetic storms and interplanetary disturbances. The space station surface charge and radio signal distortion in disturbed ionosphere are considered as possible phenomena responsible for the data failures. 相似文献