High Field Seeking State Atom Laser and Properties of Flux

We present an experimental study on the continuous atom laser. The experiments show that a high field seeking state atom laser with stable flux can be formed by increasing the strength of outcoupling before large density fluctuations appear. It is easy to obtain a long length or high speed output with this kind of atom laser.     

Production and guidance of pulsed atomic beams on chip

We demonstrated two experimental methods of producing and guiding pulsed atomic beams on chip. One is to trap atoms first in a U-type magneto-optical trap on the chip, then transfer them to the magnetic guide field and push them simultaneously by a continuous force from the power imbalance of the magneto-optical trap laser beams hence the pulsed cold atom beams are produced and move along the magnetic guide to the destination. The other is to trap atoms directly by a H-type magneto-optical trap, then push them to make them move along the magnetic guide field, thus high rate cold atom beams can be produced and guided on the chip.     

One-dimensional atom laser in microgravity

Using coupled Gross-Pitaevksii (GP) equations, we simulate the output of one-dimensional pulsed atom laser in space station. We get two atom laser pulses propagating in opposite directions with one pulsed RF coupling. Compared with atom laser under gravity, the laser pulse in microgravity shows much slower moving speed, which is suitable to be used for long-term investigations. We also simulate the output flux at different coupling strengths.     

Coherence of a squeezed sodium atom laser generated from Raman output coupling

The coherence of a squeezed sodium atom laser generated from a Raman output coupler, in which the sodium atoms in Bose-Einstein condensate （BEC） interact with two light beams consisting of a weaker squeezed coherent probe light and a stronger classical coupling light, is investigated. The results show that in the case of a large mean number of BEC atoms and a weaker probe light field, the atom laser is antibunching, and this atom laser is second-order coherent if the number of BEC atoms in traps is large enough.     

Photonic band gap of three dimensional magnetized photonic crystal with Voigt configuration

We study Bessel beams of two-level atoms that are driven by a linearly polarized laser field. Starting from the Schrödinger equation, we determine the states of two-level atoms in a plane-wave field respecting propagation directions both of the atom and the field. For such laser-driven two-level atoms, we construct Bessel beams beyond the typical paraxial approximation. We show that the probability density of these atomic beams obtains a non-trivial, Bessel-squared-type behavior and can be tuned under the special choice of the atom and laser parameters, such as the nuclear charge, atom velocity, laser frequency, and propagation geometry of the atom and laser beams. Moreover, we spatially and temporally characterize the beam of hydrogen and selected (neutral) alkali-metal atoms that carry non-zero orbital angular momentum (OAM). The proposed spatiotemporal Bessel states (i) are able to describe, in principle, twisted states of any two-level system which is driven by the radiation field and (ii) have potential applications in atomic and nuclear processes as well as in quantum communication.     

Continuous-phase elements can improve laser beam quality

Siegman [Opt. Lett. 18, 675 (1993)] showed that binary-phase plates cannot improve laser beam quality. We demonstrate that continuous spiral phase elements can improve the quality of beams that originate from a laser operating with a pure high-order transverse mode. A theoretical analysis is presented, along with experimental results obtained with a CO(2) laser. The results reveal that a nearly optimal Gaussian output beam can be obtained with only a small decrease in the output power.     

Time-division-multiplexing laser seeded amplification in a tapered amplifier

We demonstrate time-division-multiplexing(TDM) laser seeded optical amplification in a diode laser amplifier. With an acousto-optic modulator we combine two seeding beams of different frequencies and inject them alternately in the time domain into the tapered amplifier(TA) chip at a switching speed of 200 ns. The output high-power dual frequency components from the TA are time separated. The TDM seeded TA works safely and efficiently, which is useful for compact precision measurement instruments such as optical clocks and atom interferometers.     

Structure formation in atom lithography using geometric collimation

Atom lithography uses standing wave light fields as arrays of lenses to focus neutral atom beams into line patterns on a substrate. Laser cooled atom beams are commonly used, but an atom beam source with a small opening placed at a large distance from a substrate creates atom beams which are locally geometrically collimated on the substrate. These beams have local offset angles with respect to the substrate. We show that this affects the height, width, shape, and position of the created structures. We find that simulated effects are partially obscured in experiments by substrate-dependent diffusion of atoms, while scattering and interference just above the substrate limit the quality of the standing wave lens. We find that in atom lithography without laser cooling the atom beam source geometry is imaged onto the substrate by the standing wave lens. We therefore propose using structured atom beam sources to image more complex patterns on subwavelength scales in a massively parallel way.     

弹性撞击速度的激光分束测量技术

 研制了一个激光分束测速系统。它由一台4mW He-Ne激光器，一个将单束激光分成10束相互平行的等间距（间距为5 mm）激光的分光器，一个高灵敏度、工作状态自检、可进行波形合成、10路接受、一路输出的光电接收转换装置，一台数字存贮示波器，以及微型计算机组成。可进行弹性撞击速度的测量。     

高功率高效率光纤耦合半导体激光模块研制

采用光束整形和空间合束的方法,研制出高功率、高效率多阵列光纤耦合半导体激光模块。将波长为976 nm连续工作的5个标准半导体阵列,通过对快轴进行准直和快慢轴光束旋转的方式进行光束整形,准直后进行空间合束,经耦合透镜聚焦,耦合入芯径400 m、数值孔径0.22的光纤。测量结果显示：光纤的出光功率最大可达到327 W,光纤耦合效率大于93.6%。     

Development of narrow linewidth, micro-integrated extended cavity diode lasers for quantum optics experiments in space

We present a micro-integrated extended cavity diode laser module for experiments on rubidium Bose–Einstein condensates and atom interferometry at 780.24 nm onboard a sounding rocket. The micro-integration concept is optimized for space application. The laser chip, micro-lenses, a volume holographic Bragg grating, micro-temperature sensors and a micro-thermoelectric cooler are integrated on an aluminium nitride ceramic micro-optical bench with a foot print of only 50 × 10 mm². Moveable parts are omitted to allow for a very compact and robust design. The laser module provides an output power of more than 120 mW at a short term (170 μs) linewidth of 54 kHz, both full-width-at-half-maximum. The laser can be coarsely tuned by 44 GHz with a continuous tuning range of 31 GHz. The micro-integration technology presented here can be transferred to other wavelengths.     

高功率高效率光纤耦合半导体激光模块研制

采用光束整形和空间合束的方法,研制出高功率、高效率多阵列光纤耦合半导体激光模块。将波长为976nm连续工作的5个标准半导体阵列,通过对快轴进行准直和快慢轴光束旋转的方式进行光束整形,准直后进行空间合束,经耦合透镜聚焦,耦合入芯径400μm、数值孔径0.22的光纤。测量结果显示:光纤的出光功率最大可达到327 W,光纤耦合效率大于93.6%。     

TEA CO2激光器输出平顶模按厄米-高斯模的展开

TEA CO2激光器输出光束的能量密度分布一般为平顶型分布.为了给研究和分析TEA CO2激光器输出光束提供一种新的处理方法,采用FGB理论,对实验测量的一台TEA CO2激光器输出的实际平顶型光斑的能量密度分布按厄米-高斯函数进行了展开.根据展开结果,对TEA CO2激光器输出光束的空间分布特性进行了分析与讨论.初步证实了TEA CO2激光器输出光束的能量密度分布可以按厄米-高斯函数展开.     

V型腔腔内和频产生3 W连续波589 nm黄光激光器

报道了双Nd：YAG棒串接V型折叠腔腔内KTP和频全固态黄光激光器，得到了3 W连续波589 nm黄光输出.为了提高黄光输出功率，采用了两种手段：一是通过优化腔型设计使得两束基频在腔内达到了最佳的空间重合，二是通过选择合适大小的二极管激光器的抽运功率使得两束基频在腔内达到了最佳的功率配比. 关键词： 全固态激光器 Nd：YAG激光器 黄光 腔内和频     

Quantum computation with a one-dimensional optical lattice

We present an economical dynamical control scheme to perform quantum computation on a one-dimensional optical lattice, where each atom encodes one qubit. The model is based on atom tunneling transitions between neighboring sites of the lattice. They can be activated by external laser beams resulting in a two-qubit phase gate or in an exchange interaction. A realization of the Toffoli gate is presented, which requires only a single laser pulse and no individual atom addressing.     

超短脉冲激光光束被局域体全息光栅衍射的性质分析

利用二维耦合波理论,分析了超短脉冲激光光束被完全重叠型的局域体全息光栅衍射的时空变化性质,给出了衍射和透射脉冲激光光束沿光栅出射边界的强度时空分布。以LiNbO3晶体为例,数值研究了衍射光脉冲强度沿光栅出射边界的分布和脉冲波形的变化及光栅的总衍射效率受光栅二维尺寸、入射角度、光栅折射率调制度及入射脉冲的脉冲时域半峰全宽等条件的影响而变化的情况。与一维体全息光栅对超短脉冲激光光束衍射的性质,及此光栅对连续光衍射的性质作比较,给出了合理选择光栅参量及入射条件以在光栅出射边界上得到总衍射效率较大且分布较均匀的衍射光脉冲的方法。     

Influence of lasers propagation delay on the sensitivity of atom interferometers

In atom interferometers based on two photon transitions, the delay induced by the difference of the laser beams paths makes the interferometer sensitive to the fluctuations of the frequency of the lasers. We first study, in the general case, how the laser frequency noise affects the performance of the interferometer measurement. Our calculations are compared with the measurements performed on our cold atom gravimeter based on stimulated Raman transitions. We finally extend this study to the case of cold atom gradiometers.     

多艾里光束合成自聚焦光束的实验实现

多光束合成和单光束聚焦一直是提高激光束功率和功率密度的两个重要方法. 结合艾里光束在自由空间中沿弯曲路径传播的特性, 从数值模拟和实验两个方面, 研究了利用多个一维艾里光束合成自由空间自聚焦光束的方法, 并对所得到的模拟和实验结果进行了对比. 采用分步束传播法, 分别模拟了由四个和八个一维艾里光束合成的自聚焦光束在自由空间中的传播过程, 给出了自聚焦光束在传播过程中横向和纵向的光强分布和变化趋势. 采用计算全息和空间光调制器技术实验, 实现了多个一维艾里光束合成的自聚焦光束. 实验中分别测量了四个和八个一维艾里光束合成的自聚焦光束的横向光强分布. 实验结果和理论结果符合得较好. 另外, 为了进一步增大自聚焦光束的功率, 可以增加参与合成的一维艾里光束的数量. 同时, 自聚焦光束的焦距可以通过调整各个一维艾里光束的相对位置进行调节.     

Generating of squeezed atom laser via stimulated Raman transition

We present a scheme to generate a squeezed atom laser via stimulated Raman transition of the atoms in Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) interacting with two light beams, including a weaker squeezed coherent probe light and a stronger classical pump light. The results show that the quantum fluctuation of this atom laser can be periodically squeezed. The squeezing depth of such atom laser is determined by the initial squeezing factor of the probe light, and the squeezing period of that is related to the mean number of atoms in the trap, the strength of interaction between squeezing light and BEC atoms, and the detuning of the light.     

Space-Charge Effects in a Laser Fiber-Optics Triggered Multichannel Spark Gap

The dual channel triggering of a spark gap switch by fiberoptic transported ruby laser radiation is discussed. The spark gap is the output switch of a 20-ns water dielectric Blumlein generator. The Blumlein generator is pulse charged in approximately 250 ns by a three-stage Marx bank to 150 kV. The spark gap is operated at a pressure of 2540 torr with a mixture of Ar and N2 gas and an electrode separation of 2 cm. Two 1-mm diameter quartz optical fibers are used to transport 2 2-MW laser beams into the spark gap onto points 6 cm apart on the target electrode. The two beams are obtained by optical splitting of the output of a single laser. Under appropriate conditions, two arc channels are initiated by the laser beams along their paths. A small improvement in current rise time for dual channel events over single channel events is observed. Moreover, the number of successful dual channel events is observed to depend on the time of laser entry with reference to the beginning of the charging pulse, and not the gap polarity. The correlation of this behavior with the space charge build up in the slightly over-volted gap is discussed.