带不同推电子基团二聚苯撑乙烯的电子结构与发光性能

用Wittig路线合成了一系列带不同推电子取代基的二聚苯撑乙烯,用紫外光谱和循环伏安方法测定其电子结构,并用量子化学计算方法对齐聚物的电子能级进行模拟.讨论了吸收光谱、发射光谱与生色团的电子结构的关系.     

带不同推电子基团二聚苯撑乙的电子结构与发光性能

用Ｗｉｔｔｉｇ路线合成了一系列带不同推电子取代基的二苯撑乙烯,用紫外光谱和循环伏安方法测定其电子结构,并用量子化学计算方法对齐聚物的电子能级进行模拟,讨论了吸收光谱,发射光谱与生色团的电子结构的叛乱     

多硫化合物TBDTF/C70的光电化学性质研究

合成了一种新型多硫化合物TBDTF,通过核磁和质谱等表征技术建立了其清晰的分子结构,通过紫外-可见光谱对TBDTF和不同物质的量比的TBDTF/C70混合溶液的吸收光谱进行了研究.用荧光光谱表征TBDTF的特征荧光谱.另外,采用不同物质的量比的TBDTF/C70荧光光谱分析TBDTF与C70分子间发生的电荷转移现象.随后将TBDTF和C70等以物质的量比混合制备成光电化学池,进行光电化学性质研究.实验结果表明,TBDTF和C70在溶液中发生了分子间电荷转移.光电化学表征结果表明了TBDTF/C70薄膜在可见光激发下发生了明显的光电转换现象,表明TBDTF是一类优异的多硫给电子分子.     

氨基修饰碳点与酞菁锌复合结构的制备与性能

通过混合氨基修饰碳点(N-CDs)与酞菁锌(Pc Zn)合成了静电结合的N-CDs/Pc Zn复合结构.利用荧光光谱、紫外-可见吸收光谱、循环伏安测试和光催化活性表征证实了N-CDs的光激发电子通过界面转移到了Pc Zn分子上,然后在Pc Zn上发生辐射复合,导致Pc Zn的荧光发射增强.由于N-CDs上的激发电子转移到了Pc Zn分子上,促使了其与空穴的分离,阻碍了N-CDs上的辐射复合发生,因此提高了N-CDs/Pc Zn复合体系的光催化活性.反应温度会影响N-CDs/Pc Zn复合体系的稳定性和光转换能力,在常温下制备的N-CDs/Pc Zn复合结构具有最佳的光物理与化学性能.     

芘-对二氰基乙烯基苯的光诱导分子内电子转移及其盐效应的研究

本工作设计并合成了一系列以不同链长相连的芘-对二氰基乙烯基苯(Py-DCVB)化合物, 利用紫外可见吸收光谱、荧光光谱、核磁共振谱研究了Py-DCVB的光诱导分子内电子转移激基复合物的形成与基态构象的关系, 并且利用激光闪光光解开展了盐效应的研究, 瞬态吸收光谱的结果证实了Py-DCVB分子内光诱导电子转移反应经历激基复合物的中间过程。     

(d-p)π共轭作用对簇合物Mo_2S_4(dtp)_2和Mo_3S_4(dtp)_4·Py电子光谱的影响

比较了含有配位不饱和过渡金属原子簇合物Mo_2S_4(dtp)_2,(Ⅰ)和Mo_3S_4(dtp)_4·Py,(Ⅱ)的紫外—可见电子吸收光谱实验数据和半经验的量子化学方法INDO计算得到的电子跃迁能,讨论了(d-p)π型共轭作用对其电子吸收光谱位移的影响。结果表明,过渡金属簇合物中电子吸收光谱位移,与有机共轭体系有着类似的变化规律,即随着共轭π键数目增加,π-π电子跃迁的吸收光谱红移。     

π桥中不同吸电子基团对三苯胺-氰基丙烯酸类染料敏化太阳能电池性能影响的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论和含时密度泛函理论计算了染料的紫外-可见吸收光谱、电子注入驱动力、半导体导带能级移动量以及染料与碘的相互作用能等一系列评价电池性能的理论参数,以解释在π桥上引入不同吸电子基团导致三苯胺-氰基丙烯酸基染料敏化太阳能电池光电转换效率降低的原因.结果表明,在染料π桥上引入吸电子基团虽可以在一定程度上改善吸收光谱,但同时也引入了额外的与电解质中碘相互作用的位点,加快了与电解质之间的复合速率,影响了电子注入驱动力,最终导致电池光电转换效率降低.因此,在设计高效光敏染料时除了考虑吸收光谱外,也应考虑染料与电解质之间的复合以及电子注入驱动力这2个影响电池性能的关键因素.     

结晶紫内酯变色过程的计算模拟与实验探索

通过改变结晶紫内酯(CVL)与酸的物质的量比,测试了不同物质的量比下溶液的紫外-可见吸收光谱,结合量子化学计算模拟手段对结晶紫内酯在酸催化下变色过程的电子结构和垂直激发谱进行了探讨.结果表明质子亲和能与溶剂效应是影响结晶紫内酯变色过程的主要因素。     

利用共振拉曼光谱鉴别茶多酚类分子的可行性研究

本文从理论上探究是否可以利用共振拉曼光谱(RRS)来鉴别儿茶素类物质中的4种主要成分：EC,EGC,ECG和EGCG,并研究这些物质的微观结构信息和指纹特征谱.首先通过比较计算和实验测得的常规拉曼光谱确认了分子的构型;然后利用含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)计算了分子的紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱,进而利用含时相关函数方法计算了与主要吸收峰对应的RRS,后者计算中其所需的几何和电子结构信息由(TD-)DFT提供.结果显示：虽然EC和EGC、ECG和EGCG二者在结构上仅仅只存在1个酚羟基的差别,但它们的RRS存在明显不同的指纹特征;现实中人们可以用不同频率的激光选择性地激发儿茶素类物质来获得RRS,以期鉴别儿茶素类物质.     

异咯嗪修饰富勒烯-聚丙烯酸的合成及其与DNA的相互作用

利用自由基聚合反应合成了聚丙烯酸修饰的富勒烯(C₆₀-PAA),进一步通过酯化反应将核黄素类似物6,7-二甲基-9-(2’-羟乙基)-异咯嗪(DHIX)与C₆₀-PAA共价连接,得到C₆₀-PAA-DHIX.利用傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振氢谱(¹HNMR)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、荧光光谱对产物的化学结构进行了表征.循环伏安法表明,C₆₀-PAA-DHIX中富勒烯基团的第一还原电位要高于DHIX基团的第一还原电位.ESR实验表明C₆₀-PAA-DHIX能与N,N-二甲基苯胺发生多步光诱导电子转移反应,即DHIX基团与N,N-二甲基苯胺发生光诱导电子转移生成DHIX负离子自由基(DHIX^-·),DHIX^-·能进一步将电子传递给富勒烯生成富勒烯负离子自由基.DNA熔解曲线、紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱结果表明,C₆₀-PAA-DHIX通过沟槽结合与CTDNA作用,而C₆₀-PAA与DNA的作用较弱.无氧条件下,C₆₀-PAA-DHIX具有比C₆₀-PAA更强的DNA光损伤能力.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Investigation of Kinetics of Solid-Phase Synthesis of Lithium Orthosilicate

The kinetics of the interaction between lithium carbonate and silica with various degrees of dispersion was investigated by TG and DTA methods. It was found that the utilization of pyrogenic silica with a specific surface area of about 300 m²g^-1 instead of aerosil with one of 175 m²g^-1 leads to an increase of the reaction rate between lithium carbonate and silica, which depends on the formation and growth of lithium orthosilicate crystals in the first stage, and is conditioned by the diffusion of lithium and oxygen ions through the lithium orthosilicate layer formed at temperatures above 800 K. This supposition is supported by the kinetic analysis results obtained with the use of the different models. The optimal regime of heating is recommended. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

小环化合物中饱和碳质子化学位移的计算

小环化合物由于其张力、构型、构象和各向异性效应等原因,环碳上质子化学位移缺乏规律性,难以预测,对此作者曾提出一种近似算法。本文根据303种小环化合物中饱和碳质子的化学位移实验数据,将适于计算这类质子化学位移的公式表述为:     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.