生物化学产甲烷动力学的教学实践

厌氧消化是自然界有机物质分解代谢的重要途径,对实现环境和经济的可持续发展具有重要意义。消化中产甲烷过程涉及众多生化反应,其规律很难准确描述。教师在生物化学课程中引入厌氧消化产甲烷动力学教学,设计了5个紧密衔接的教学模块,介绍了3种常见产甲烷动力学模型的推导过程、适用范围、参数特点,教授学生利用软件完成数据拟合的方法,并训练其对拟合结果进行分析。本教学改革通过将产甲烷动力学引入课堂,使学生在更好地理解复杂的厌氧消化反应过程基础知识的同时,构建了理论与实践应用间的桥梁,不仅掌握了精准定量描述厌氧消化过程中产甲烷规律的模型,还学到利用比较动力学参数来评价不同原料发酵规律差异的方法,为未来其参与实际生产和工程实践奠定了基础,获得了良好的教学效果。本文介绍了教学改革的具体内容,对完善生物化学的教学框架和改善教学质量具有重要意义,同时为环境工程、化学工程、新能源工程、生物工程等相关专业课程及实验教学的改革和探索提供了有益参考。     

生物化学课程思政融合点的发掘

系统性地论述了从生物化学课程的发展历史、我国在生物化学方面的创新贡献、生物化学代谢反应过程、生物化学知识联系日常生活、生物学家故事和生物化学相关社会热点事件等6个模块发掘生物化学课程思政的融合点,培养学生的科学精神、创新意识、人文精神、诚信友善的职业道德及文化自信精神,并取得了较好的效果。这些策略对其他同行的生物化学课程思政建设,也能起到一定的借鉴作用。     

高职高专医学生物化学物质代谢教学探讨

生物化学中物质代谢与调节部分是整个教材中内容最多、最为重要的一部分,但是也是本门课程中最为晦涩难懂的部分,尤其对于化学知识薄弱、整体学习能力和理解能力相对较差的高职高专学生来说,更具有一定的挑战性。根据多年教学经验总结,针对此部分内容的特点及内在规律,充分体现“授人以鱼不如授人以渔”的教学理念,就多备外文原版教材、利用方程式记忆概念、巧用阿拉伯数字学习反应过程等6种教学方法进行探讨。     

葡萄糖分解代谢产生几分子水的计算问题——答青年教师问

在普通生物化学课程中,讲到糖的分解代谢时,必然要讲酵解和三羧酸循环这两条代谢途径。一般书上写道:一分子葡萄糖经这两条途径彻底氧化分解后,共产生6分子水,总反应是: C_6H_(12)O_6 6O_2=6CO_2 6H_2O 但是,计算一下在这两条途径中产生和消耗的水     

水相中四氯化碳的激光闪光光解研究

利用激光闪光光解技术研究了水相中四氯化碳光分解和光氧化的微观机制,并且指证了水相中四氯化碳受光激发所产生的瞬态光谱中的一些瞬态物种的特征吸收峰。并对这些瞬态物种的行为和归宿进行了研究。研究表明在248nm激光作用下,四氯化碳受光激发将分解为CCl~3^.自由基和Cl^.自由基。CCl~3^.自由基在无氧/有氧条件下的反应途径是不同的:在无氧条件下CCl~3^.自由基将进行偶合反应生成更难于降解的C~2Cl~6;而在有氧条件下CCl~3^.自由基则与O~2反应生成CCl~3O~2^.自由基,而CCl~3O~2^.自由基最终转变为COCl~2,这意味着光氧化能够有效地降解CCl~4。Cl^.自由基基本上不受氧气存在的影响,其归宿是与水分子发生电荷转移反应。     

化学教育专业开设生物化学课程的教学改革研究

结合生物化学理论性强、内容抽象、知识更新快等特点, 对在师范类化学教育专业开设生物化学课程的必要性,以及教学内容和教学方法的改革进行了探讨。     

工科无机化学课程中物质结构部分的教学研究

调研了高中化学与工科无机化学课程中物质结构教学内容的差异,并探索了模型辅助教学、多媒体运用教学、穿插学科史教学与探索研究式教学等行之有效的教学方法,对提升工科无机化学课程中物质结构部分的教学效果具有重要意义。     

结构化学系列课程教材建设的研究和探索

在建立面向２１世纪教学内容和课程新体系的研究探索中,教材建设是一项重要任务。教材作为课程改革和建设成果的体现,将充分反映教学改革力度、教学水平和特点。教材是教学内容的载体,是学生接触和了解知识的窗口。高质量、有水平的教材能激发学生的学习兴趣,启发学生积极思维、勇于创新。因此,好教材在传授知识,培养人才方面发挥了重要作用。《结构化学》课程是化学专业的主干课程,是从微观的角度讨论原子、分子和晶体的结构问题的课程。其知识点可以分为基本原理和结构的实验表征两大部分,后者又可根据被表征物质的形态及理论基础…     

以实际问题解决吸引学生主动选修化学——校本课程“化学与考古”的案例分析

提升化学对学生的吸引力是促使学生选修化学、落实化学核心素养的前提。以校本选修课程“化学与考古”为例,从现代技术、物质性质、实验装备、反应原理、工艺、生物化学等多角度用化学知识解决考古与文保疑难,将抽象的化学知识落实到考古事例中探讨,主动创设情境帮助学生体验化学的魅力,为普高教学中化学知识的实用化提供新的视角。     

一株硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化菌的分离和鉴定

以硫酸盐为电子受体、氨为电子供体的反应称为硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化,这是一个新的生物反应.迄今为止,虽已证明硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化的存在,但并未获得进行该反应的微生物.本课题组从长期稳定运行的厌氧脱氮除硫反应器污泥中,分离获得了一株硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化菌.形态观察、生理试验和16SrDNA序列比对表明,该菌株可归入Bacillus benzoevorans.以Biolog板检测发现,该菌株可利用多种碳源,基质多样性明显.其最适代谢pH为8.5,最适代谢温度为30℃.研究证明,该菌株可在无氧条件下,同时去除氨氮和硫酸盐,具有硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化活性.这一发现为硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化的确认提供了生物学证据,为新型生物脱氮除硫工艺的研发打下了基础,为微生物学增加了新的内容,为地球氮素和硫素循环提供了新的认识.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.