频率啁啾对强场下真空正负电子对产生的增强效应

在强背景场下真空产生正反粒子对的研究中,频率啁啾对增强粒子对的产生起着关键作用.本文介绍了狄拉克-海森伯-维格纳(Dirac-Heisenberg-Wigner)、求解量子弗拉索夫方程(quantum Vlasov equation)和计算量子场论等方法,并详细综述了它们如何应用到空间非均匀场、均匀含时场以及外部势场中正负电子对产生的研究.通过研究各种不同的场得到了不同参数(如场强和基准频率)下产生的粒子动量谱和粒子对产额,发现当频率啁啾形式或/和啁啾强度改变时结果受到显著影响.在低频场下啁啾增强的数密度可提高2—3个数量级,这主要是因为啁啾增加了场的高频成分,从而低频强场和高频弱场相结合的动力学辅助机制起到了很大的作用.一般来说在高频情况下数密度只有几倍的提高,说明动力学辅助作用被大大地抑制了.在有空间变化的场情形下,对于小空间尺度变化的场,无啁啾时本身的数密度不高,但啁啾可以对数密度有数量级的提高;对于大空间尺度变化的场,数密度逐渐趋于空间均匀的结果,啁啾也能对数密度有几倍的提高.通过Wentzel-Kramer-Brillouin近似和转变点结构的物理分析和讨论可以对相关的数值结...     

不同频率的组合振荡场下产生正负电子对

吸收组合低频外场提供的多个不同能量的光子发生跃迁可以在真空中激发正负电子对.本文探究了在组合振荡场作用下,不同的外场频率对正负电子对产生的影响,研究结果表明：与单个振荡场类似,当双振荡场的频率和约为2.3m_ec²时,电子对产量达到极值.在双振荡场的频率和固定为2.3m_ec²的情况下,对不同组合频率下正负电子对的产量以及能谱分布进行了研究,发现当两场频率差较小时,电子对产量随时间演化会出现显著的“拍”现象.还发现两个振荡场频率差越小,电子对的单能性越好;场频率差越大时,电子对的产量越高、能谱范围越宽.通过对跃迁概率分布图的比较和分析,发现主要原因是频率差较大时能够发生显著跃迁的多光子跃迁形式数量增加,从而促进正负电子对(尤其是高能端电子对)的产生.     

双振荡场产生正负电子对的理论研究

在强电磁场下真空产生正负电子对的研究中,多场的组合扮演重要的角色.本文运用计算量子场论方法在全时空数值求解狄拉克方程,研究了两个空间分离的局域化振荡电场击穿真空产生正负电子对的过程.结果表明通过选取合适的场参数,两场的相互作用可以显著增强正负电子对的产生.两场的相互作用使产生正负电子对的动量分布曲线出现了周期性的振荡,并导致了非对称的多光子跃迁过程.通过含时微扰理论分析得出,正负电子对的动量分布的周期性振荡可由电场宽度、电场频率和两场间距共同决定.两场间距能够改变正负电子对动量分布的变化周期,随着两场间距的增大,产生正负电子对的动量(能量)的单一性得到优化;电场宽度不仅影响正负电子对动量分布的峰谷高度差,还会改变其在动量空间峰值的展宽;根据能量守恒定律,电场频率的增大使得产生粒子对的动量随之变大.因此,通过选择合适电场参数可以抑制或加强特定动量分布的正负电子对,这为今后的实验设计提供了重要的理论指导.     

极强激光场驱动超亮伽马辐射和正负电子对产生的研究进展

高功率超短超强激光脉冲的诞生开启了相对论非线性光学、高强场物理、新型激光聚变、实验室天体物理等前沿领域.近年来,随着数拍瓦级乃至更高峰值功率激光装置的建成,超强激光与等离子体相互作用进入到一个全新的高强场范畴.这种极强激光场与等离子体相互作用蕴含着丰富的物理过程,除了经典的波与粒子作用、相对论效应、有质动力效应等非线性物理过程外,量子电动力学(QED)效应变得格外重要,例如辐射阻尼效应、正负电子对产生、强伽马射线辐射、QED级联、真空极化等.本文主要介绍我们近年来在极端强激光场与等离子体相互作用中激发的QED效应以及伴随的超亮强伽马射线辐射和稠密正负电子对产生等方面的研究进展.     

超强场下真空产生正负电子对的动理学方法研究及其进展

随着激光技术的飞速发展,实验室中所能获得的电磁场强度得到了极大的提高,从而使得 强外场下真空衰变产生正反粒子对问题再次成为研究热点。不同形状外场下粒子对产生问题的理 论研究不但可以加深人们对粒子对产生过程的理解,而且有助于指导实验验证真空对产生。本文 主要介绍了包括我们近期的工作在内的超强场下真空产生正负电子对的动理学方法研究及其进 展。用量子动理学方法研究真空对产生问题有很多优点：不但可以得到产生粒子的数密度,而且 能给出产生粒子的相空间信息;此外,还可以处理任意复杂场下的粒子对产生问题,深入研究粒 子对产生的物理机制。量子动理学方法也许是探究真实激光场下真空对产生问题的最佳选择之 一,有望指导实验首次验证纯光直接转化为物质的过程。     

铌酸锂薄膜上的非线性频率变换

铌酸锂晶体是一种综合性质优异的多功能光学材料.在过去几十年里,对铌酸锂晶体的研究一直是光学研究的热点之一.近年来发展起来的绝缘体上铌酸锂(LNOI),亦称为铌酸锂薄膜(LNTF),在光学领域被公认为是一项变革性技术.基于LNOI的集成光子器件让铌酸锂晶体又焕发了新生命,再次成为集成光子学的研究焦点.作为最优秀的非线性晶...     

利用高非线性光纤产生量子关联光子对的实验研究

光纤中基于三阶(克尔)非线性效应的自发四波混频是制备量子关联光子对的有效方法之一。若采用商售高非线性光纤作为产生光子对的非线性介质,则有利于减小所需光纤的长度,从而缩小实验装置体积并降低对于抽运源的要求。利用脉冲光抽运20m的高非线性光纤产生通讯波段的频率近简并关联光子对,研究了光纤的弱双折射特性对于光子对产生的影响。当抽运光沿高非线性光纤的偏振轴入射时,具有最大的光子对产生效率,且光子对绝大部分与抽运光偏振平行;抽运光沿与光纤偏振轴45°入射时,光子对的产生效率最小,约为最大值的80%。     

脉冲模式非线性频率上转换的光子数量子统计特性研究

频率上转换技术在量子光学中的应用日益受到重视,而对脉冲模式的单光子水平的频率上转换的光子数量子统计和传递特性的理论研究还有待完善。在相互作用绘景下用三波混频方程重点讨论了时域上分别为连续相干光场和高斯脉冲相干光场的信号光和抽运光相互作用的非线性频率上转换过程中的光子数量子统计分布的保持和传递特性。结果表明在不同模式的信号光子和抽运光场相互作用下,非线性频率上转换过程可以传递和保持入射的信号光子的光子数量子统计分布特性,对于发展新型量子上转换器件和基于频率转换的量子操控器件有重要的参考意义。     

多光子非线性Compton散射对等离子体中电子运动的影响

应用多光子非线性Compton散射模型,研究了多光子非线性Compton散射对激光等离子体中电子运动的影响,提出了将入射激光和Compton散射光形成的耦合光、耦合光与等离子体产生的自生磁场形成的混合场作为加速电子的新机制,对电子动量和能量方程进行了修正和数值模拟。结果表明,当混合场的电场振幅与磁场振幅相等时,回旋共振电子在与混合场作用时间内能被加速到很高的能量;电子加速能量随耦合光幅值的增大而增大,随电子耦合初始角度的增大而周期变小,随电子横向耦合归一化初始速度的增大,开始时较快增加,之后缓慢增加,最后趋于稳定。     

多光子非线性Compton散射对等离子体平面反射电磁波的影响

应用多光子非线性Compton散射模型和电磁波与等离子体相互作用模型,研究了Compton散射对等离子体平面反射电磁波特性的影响,提出了将Compton散射作为影响等离子体平面反射电磁波的机制,给出了等离子体平面反射电磁波反射率的修正方程,并进行了仿真实验。结果表明：不同频率下,低频段等离子体密度随电场强度增大而迅速增大,到达平衡态时间明显缩短,这是因散射使场强迅速增大,等离子体中粒子发生电离几率增大的缘故。高频入射波使反射波强度减低最多,最后几乎趋于0,这是因散射使等离子体频率高于入射波频率的成分大大增加的缘故。不同频率入射波的反射波频率有微小增大,这是因散射使信号与等离子体复合扩散时间尺度差距缩小,反射波的非线性效应逐步显现的缘故。随碰撞频率增大,低密度等离子体密度增加最快,到达平衡态时间最短,这是因散射使等离子体碰撞频率增大,有更多粒子参与电离的缘故。     

Gluino pair production in electron-positron annihilation

We summarize the effects of some unknown supersymmetry breaking mechanism by the addition to the super-QCD lagrangian of explicit, and different, mass terms for the scalar superpartners of quarks and antiquarks. Allowing also a possible Majorana mass for the gluino, we then calculate cross sections for e⁺e^? → two gluinos, a process which may be observable if the gluino is sufficiently long-lived.     

Enhancement of electron-positron pairs in combined potential wells with linear chirp frequency

Effect of linear chirp frequency on the process of electron-positron pairs production from vacuum is investigated by the computational quantum field theory. With appropriate chirp parameters, the number of electrons created under combined potential wells can be increased by two or three times. In the low frequency region, frequency modulation excites interference effect and multiphoton processes, which promotes the generation of electron-positron pairs. In the high frequency region, high frequency suppression inhibits the generation of electron-positron pairs. In addition, for a single potential well, the number of created electron-positron pairs can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude in the low frequency region.     

Enhanced electron–positron pair production by frequency chirping in one-and two-color laser pulse fields

Enhanced electron–positron pair production by frequency chirping in one- and two-color laser pulse fields is investigated by solving the quantum Vlasov equation. A small frequency chirp shifts the momentum spectrum along the momentum axis. The positive and negative frequency chirp parameters play the same role in increasing the pair number density. The sign change of the frequency chirp parameter at the moment t = 0 leads the pulse shape and momentum spectrum to be symmetric, and the number density to be increased. The number density of produced pairs in the two-color pulse field is much higher than that in the one-color pulse field and the larger frequency chirp pulse field dominates more strongly. In the two-color pulse fields, the relation between the frequency ratio of two colors and the number density is not sensitive to the parameters of small frequency chirp added in either a low frequency strong field or a high frequency weak field but sensitive to the parameters of large frequency chirp added in a high frequency weak field.     

Double- and multi-photon pair production and electron-positron entanglement

We investigate entanglement of electrons and positrons produced via absorption by a vacuum of two or several photons from two external electromagnetic waves. The waves are modelled by finite-length focused pulses. Structures of the arising electron and positron wave packets are investigated in the momentum and coordinate representations. Conditional and unconditional widths of these wave packets, as well as the Schmidt number K are found, and they are used to evaluate the degree of entanglement. The conditions are found when entanglement is large. It is shown that the highest entanglement can be reached at nonrelativistic energies of electrons and positrons. Possibilities of observing the entanglement effects in experiments on pair production are discussed.     

Radiative muon pair production in high-energy electron-positron annihilation process

The lowest order radiative correction to the differential cross section of process of muon pair production with the emission of a hard photon at high energy electron-positron annihilation are calculated. Taking into account the emission of additional soft and hard photon, the cross section can be put in the form of the Drell-Yan process in leading logarithmical approximation. Applying the crossing transformation, we obtain the cross section of the radiative electron-muon high-energy scattering process. Virtual and soft photon emission contributions of the nonleading form are tabulated for several typical kinematical points. The limit of the small invariant mass of a muon pair is in agreement with our previous analysis.     

Internal electron-positron pair production from electric monopole transitions

The yield curve of the reaction⁵⁶Fe(p,γ)⁵⁷Co has been measured over the energy rangeE _p =1,300–1,900 keV and the decay of nine resonances has been investigated. For twelve of the resonances the strengths have been determined. The angular distributions of the gamma rays have been recorded for resonances atE _p =1,599, 1,623, 1,643 and 1,649 keV, giving spin-parity assignmentsJ ^π=3/2^? for all four resonances. The resonances atE _p =1,623, 1,643 and 1,649 keV have been identified as the split analogue resonances of the 367 (J ^π=3/2^?) states in⁵⁷Fe. TheM1 transition strengths to the corresponding antianalogue states have been measured and compared with theoretical predictions.     

Nonresonant muon pair production in electron-positron annihilation in the field of light wave

In the frame of the Born approximation it was theoretically investigated nonresonant muon pair production in e ⁺ e ⁻ collision in the field of elliptically polarized electromagnetic wave in the general relativistic case. It was analyzed in detail the reaction kinematics. It was derived the expressions for the amplitude and the cross section of the nonresonant muon pair production in e ⁺ e ⁻ annihilation in the moderately strong field. It was demonstrated that the partial cross-section is factorized as a product of the cross section of the muon pair production from e ⁺ e ⁻ pair in the absence of the external field and the probability of emission and absorption of photons from the wave. Original Text ? Astro, Ltd., 2009. The article is published in the original.     

Enhanced electron positron pair creation by the frequency chirped laser pulse

Based on the quantum Vlasov equation, the effect of frequency chirp on electron-positron pair production is investigated. The cycle parameter, which characterizes the laser field cycle degree within the pulse, is also considered. In both supercycle and subcycle laser pulses the frequency chirp can greatly enhance the momentum distribution function of created pairs and the pair number density. The pair number density created by a supercycle laser pulse is larger than that by a subcycle pulse under the same laser frequency and chirping. There exists an optimal cycle parameter corresponding to the maximum value of the created pair number density for different chirp rates. It is found that the pair number density is sensitive/insensitive to chirping rate when the cycle parameter lies below/above the optimal one.