中学化学教学中“一定浓度溶液配制”的探讨

根据要求配制一定浓度的溶液,既是化学课程标准与考试大纲所明确要求的实验技能,又是分析化学实验中滴定分析的重要基础之一。通过对关于中学教学中“一定浓度溶液配制”的探讨,分析了这方面的常见问题。     

“探究互动”教学模式提高学生多元智能的实证研究

运用建构主义理论的“探究—互动”教学模式,在化学教学中,从多方面、多角度培养学生多元智能,指导学生运用“智力强项”学习.采用实验研究证明,实验前后学生的学习成绩、学习兴趣、学习注意力、思维能力、互动效果存在显著差异(P＜0.01)；采用“探究—互动”教学模式进行教学,学生的多元智能明显提高.     

给质量守恒实验加几个“注释”

义务教育标准实验教科书《化学》(九年级,上册,2006年4月第2版,人民教育出版社)第91页图5—2“铁钉与硫酸铜溶液反应前后质量的测定”和第92页图5—5“镁条燃烧”,是支撑质量守恒定律的2个重要实验。不要以为这个实验简单,最近许多实验者反映,Fe与CuSO4溶液的反应速度很慢,CuSO     

“强化、落实实验实践手段,培养学生动手能力和解决实际问题能力”的研究──高一化学科实验报告

针对我国中学教育中实验实践活动被大大削弱,中学生在动手能力和解决实际问题的能力方面与发达国家存在着较大的差距的现状,确定本课题,以利“培养学生分析和解决一些简单的化学实际问题的能力”、“培养学生的创新精神”和“激发学生的学习兴趣”,从而缩小与发达国家中学生的差距,适应未来社会对人才的需要。     

对“将氨、二氧化碳通入饱和食盐溶液以制取碳酸氢纳的演示实验”一文的意见

本报1956年1月号登载了:江苏省苏州高级中学化学教研组所写“将氨、二氧化碳通入饱和食盐溶液以制取碳酸氢钠”的演示实验一文。文中这样写道:“……从开始加热盛浓氨水的烧瓶,到生成细粒状的碳酸氢钠沉淀全部反应所需要的时间大约8—15分钟”而加热盛浓氨水的烧瓶,即氨气通入饱和食盐溶液中“大约经     

对中学两个实验装置的改进

在中学我们做了验证质量守恒定律的实验以及固体和液体反应不用加热制取气体的实验。对于这两个实验,我在老师的帮助下作了改进。验证质量守恒定律的实验装置如图1所示：在锥形瓶中加入CuSO4溶液,而在试管中加入NaOH溶液,这样,我们把装有药品的试管放入锥形瓶里是比较困难的,稍有不慎就会将试管打破或将NaOH溶液倒入锥形瓶中与CuS04发生反应,达不到实验目的,而且浪费了药品。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定两种奶茶粉中微量元素

以微波消解系统对奶茶粉样品进行处理,并采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)对样品中的微量元素进行测定。优化了仪器工作条件,建立了同时测定奶茶粉中Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn、Cd、As、Ba和Pb 8种元素的微波消解-ICP-AES法。平均回收率为97.1%～103.2%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.7%～3.6%之间。实验结果表明,方法简便、快速、准确,适用于奶茶粉样品中微量元素的测定。     

化学反应的阶段隐喻及迷思概念——以金属与铁离子溶液的反应为例

在中学教学中常常认为FeCl3溶液与金属单质的反应分阶段进行,即Fe3+、H+和Fe2+按照先后顺序依次被还原。通过选用不同浓度的FeCl3溶液与不同的金属单质反应,用实验事实反驳了Fe3+溶液与金属单质反应的阶段隐喻,并分析了其中的迷思概念。     

温度对铜和浓硫酸反应的影响探究

铜和浓硫酸反应在高中化学教学中是一个演示实验,但在实验中经常会出现黑色物质,导致溶液变浑浊,很难观察到蓝色的硫酸铜溶液。从温度对该反应产物、现象的影响角度进行探究,发现可以通过控制反应温度,使反应出现明显的“溶液变蓝色”现象,并且使黑色固体生成的量明显减少。     

反应物浓度对化学反应速度的影响

在高等学校中作为溶液中反应物浓度对反应速度的影响的演示实验,常用的是:硫代硫酸钠与硫酸间的反应,碘酸钾与亚硫酸盐在酸性介质中的反应等。这些反应方程式是比较复杂的,而使得在中学里演示上述实验的可能性消失。但氯化高铁FeCl_3与碘化钾KI溶液间的     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.