超支化聚酰胺-胺破乳剂的合成及应用

以N-丙烯酰-1,2-乙二胺盐酸盐(ADE)合成为基础,通过ADE的Michael加成反应制备阳离子超支化聚合物聚N-丙烯酰-1,2-乙二胺盐酸盐(HADE),并对其结构进行了表征。研究表明,50℃下,HADE破乳剂(质量浓度为200 mg/L)对含煤油质量分数5%的水包油(O/W)煤油乳液的除油率可高达95.6%,显示了产品在乳液破乳除油方面良好的发展前景。     

十八烷基超支化分子的结构表征与破乳性能

以甲醇为溶剂,用十八胺、丙烯酸甲酯和乙二胺为原料,通过迈克尔加成反应和酰胺化缩合反应,制备了1.0 G超支化分子;通过红外光谱、核磁共振手段对合成产品的结构进行了表征,且考察了十八烷基超支化分子对O/W型原油模拟乳液的破乳性能,并与传统的线性破乳剂SP-169进行了对比.结果表明:在温度为50℃、添加量为20 mg/L、破乳时间为120 min的条件下,其脱水率达到了76.2%,脱出水中的含油量为41.9 mg/L;而破乳剂SP-169在相同的条件下的脱水率为61.5%,脱出水中的含油量为52.4 mg/L.     

用于UV固化的水性超支化聚酯合成及膜性能

以三羟甲基丙烷、2,2-双(羟甲基)丙酸、甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、三乙醇胺作为原料合成了三种可UV固化的超支化聚合物,分别命名为UVHBP33、UVHBP42、UVHBP51,并对80%～90%固含量的UVHBP的粘度及水溶性进行了表征,粘度范围为4592～9973 cps^-1,室温和加热下具有较为良好的水溶性,可以保证涂料施工性。后续以三种UVHBP作为成膜物质,在马口铁板上进行UV固化,并对固化膜进行了性能表征。结果表明随着交联密度的提升,UVHBP51经UV固化后具有最优的涂层使用性能,硬度H级、涂层附着力5B级。热重实验表明UVHBP51优于UVHBP33和UVHBP42。     

超支化聚(胺酯)的合成及其光固化性能研究

采用甲基丙烯酸酐直接改性和先以丁二酸酐或邻苯二甲酸酐酯化再以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯改性所得到的甲基丙烯酸酯化超支化聚 (胺 酯 )齐聚物在光引发剂存在时紫外光辐照下发生快速聚合反应 ;反应速率和双键转化率随超支化分子的结构不同而变化 ;高度交联的涂膜具有较好的热学性能     

超支化聚合物的合成及应用

综述了超支化聚合物合成方法的最新研究进展,并对其应用进行了描述,旨在加深人们对该领域的了解,从而加速该领域的发展。     

超支化聚合物接枝改性碳纳米管及其分散性能

将碳纳米管用c(K2Cr2O7)=0.25 mol/L,c(H )=1 mol/L混合溶液进行处理,制得表面含有活性羟基的碳纳米管. 在催化剂的存在下,以CNTs为反应中心核,氧化处理后的CNTs表面上的活性羟基与A2B型单体发生一步缩聚反应,将超支化聚合物接到碳纳米管的表面上,实现了碳纳米管的表面修饰. 探讨了反应条件对接枝在CNTs表面上的超支化聚合物(HPAE)量的影响,当反应温度为120 ℃,反应时间为10 h,反应配料比n(CNTs-OH):n(A2B单体)=1:6时,固载量达到0.255. FTIR、XPS、TEM的表征结果证明,CNTs接枝上了超支化聚合物. 透光度的测定和静置实验表明,超支化聚合物接枝改性CNTs在丙酮、乙醇、水等溶剂中具有很好的分散性能.     

PCDL型超支化水性聚氨酯的合成与性能

以甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯（TDI）、聚碳酸酯二醇（PCDL）、二羟甲基丙酸（DMPA）和二乙醇胺（DEOA）为原料,采用A₂＋bB₂共聚合路线合成了具有超支化结构的水性聚氨酯（HBAPU）乳液。采用红外光谱（FT-IR）、核磁共振（13C NMR）对产物结构进行了表征,证实了超支化聚氨酯的支化度随 n(NCO)/n(OH)比值的增大而增大。用PCS、TG、电子拉力机对产物的性能进行了测试,同时也对胶膜的耐水性进行了测试,发现在DMPA含量为0.4 mmol/g时,HBAPU的粒径仅有20.57 nm,而线性水性聚氨酯粒径有130.91 nm,并且HBAPU具有良好的耐水性、热稳定性和较高的拉伸强度。     

双亲水性超支化接枝共聚物的pH响应性药物释放

首先利用阳离子开环聚合合成了超支化聚缩水甘油醚（HPG）,然后通过酯化反应制备了低接枝率的大分子引发剂HPG-Br,并进一步引发甲基丙烯酸-2-（N,N-二甲氨基）乙酯（DMAEMA）单体的原子转移自由基聚合,合成了低接枝率的双亲水性超支化接枝共聚物HPG-g-PDMAEMA,用1HNMR和GPC对聚合物结构进行了表征.并采用芘荧光探针法,HNMR和DLS研究了HPG-g-PDMAEMA在不同pH水溶液中的组装行为.以1香豆素102为模型药物研究了HPG-g-PDMAEMA聚合物在不同pH条件下的药物释放行为,发现在pH连续振荡刺激下HPG-g-PDMAEMA聚合物胶束对药物分子能实现部分＂可逆＂的释放和再包载.     

优秀原油破乳剂所具备的性能初探

原油破乳剂是国内外油田矿场所必需的化学药剂,可在针对性的破乳剂性能选择上一直缺乏系统的理论支持。由于原油组成的复杂性,加上影响形成乳化原油的因素众多,给原油破乳剂的研究工作带来许多困难。本文从原油乳状液的形成机理入手,分析了乳状液的稳定性原因、破乳机理、破乳剂分子结构性能、物化性能与破乳效果,提出了优秀的原油破乳剂所应具备的性能。     

超支化梯形共轭聚合物的合成与表征

采用"A2+B2+B3"方法,通过Pd(0)催化的Suzuki聚合反应制备了一系列的超支化梯形共轭聚合物.所制备的聚合物荧光发射均在蓝光发射区.随着支化度的增加,聚合物的荧光发射和紫外吸收均有蓝移的趋势.超支化结构在一定程度上抑制分子间的聚集,使得聚合物在薄膜中的发射和吸收相对于溶液中的发射和吸收红移比较小.所制备的聚合物都表现出了良好的热稳定性,热分解温度都在320℃以上,DSC二次加热曲线在35～300℃之间没有玻璃化转变和其它的热力学过程.超支化共轭聚合物有望成为一种良好的蓝光材料.     

Screening and Demulsification Mechanism of Fluorinated Demulsifier Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulation

In order to solve the problem of demulsification difficulties in Liaohe Oilfield, 24 kinds of demulsifiers were screened by using the interface generation energy (IFE) module in the molecular dynamics simulation software Materials Studio to determine the ability of demulsifier molecules to reduce the total energy of the oil–water interface after entering the oil–water interface. Neural network analysis (NNA) and genetic function approximation (GFA) were used as technical means to predict the demulsification effect of the Liaohe crude oil demulsifier. The simulation results show that the SDJ9927 demulsifier with ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) values of 21 (EO) and 44 (PO) reduced the total energy and interfacial tension of the oil–water interface to the greatest extent, and the interfacial formation energy reached −640.48 Kcal/mol. NNA predicted that the water removal amount of the SDJ9927 demulsifier was 7.21 mL, with an overall error of less than 1.83. GFA predicted that the water removal amount of the SDJ9927 demulsifier was 7.41mL, with an overall error of less than 0.9. The predicted results are consistent with the experimental screening results. SDJ9927 had the highest water removal rate and the best demulsification effect. NNA and GFA had high correlation coefficients, and their R²s were 0.802 and 0.861, respectively. The higher R² was, the more accurate the prediction accuracy was. Finally, the demulsification mechanism of the interfacial film breaking due to the collision of fluorinated polyether demulsifiers was studied. It was found that the carbon–fluorine chain had high surface activity and high stability, which could protect the carbon–carbon bond in the demulsifier molecules to ensure that there was no re-emulsion due to the stirring external force.     

新型超支化大分子季铵型抑制剂的制备及性能评价

以二乙醇胺、丁二酸酐为原料,合成端羟基超支化大分子;用环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵进行末端基团改性,引入季铵盐阳离子基团制备了一种新型季铵盐抑制剂HBP-TAC,其结构经红外光谱、核磁和元素分析表征。考察了端基取代度与浓度对抑制膨润土水化膨胀性能影响,并对滚动回收率及与钻井液配伍性进行了评价、实验结果表明：该类抑制剂对膨润土的水化膨胀有一定抑制作用,加入1%多取代HBP-T2,抑制效果能达到95.31%;在高温130℃条件下,页岩滚动回收的一次回收率为91.8%,二次回收率为80.1%;抑制剂与水基钻井液体系相容性较好,并对滤失性有一定改善效果。     

破乳剂对复合驱乳状液的破乳机理研究

针对模拟采出液和三元复合驱矿场采出液,研究了破乳剂对复合体系界面张力和膜强度的影响.破乳剂浓度增加,二元复合体系界面张力降低,而三元复合体系界面张力升高.破乳剂分子部分顶替乳化剂分子并显著降低了界面膜强度.     

Synthesis and Preliminary Demulsification Efficiency Evaluation of New Demulsifiers Based on Fatty Oils

Three raw fatty oils were used as precursors for demulsifiers. The hydrolyzed form of each oil was adducted with maleic anhydride then modified by esterification with polyethylene glycols or ethyleneoxide-propyleneoxide block copolymers. The demulsfication efficiency, coalescence rate, some surface active, thermodynamic properties, and partition coefficient of a selected demulsifier were investigated. The best demulsifier shows 100% demulsification after 19 minutes at 300 ppm. A correlation between demulsification efficiency and rheological properties of the investigated demulsifier was investigated. Also, emulsification kinetics were followed by microscopic photography. A mechanism following coalescence and flocculation of water droplets is proposed.     

改性超支化聚硅碳烷物理吸附涂层毛细管柱的分离性能研究

利用羟丙基-β-环糊精对合成的超支化聚硅碳烷进行表面接枝改性,通过物理吸附的方法将改性后的超支化聚硅碳烷涂覆于毛细管柱内壁表面,制备出一种新型的毛细管电泳涂层柱.选用16 kV的分离电压、214 nm紫外检测波长、10 cm位差进样7 s和40 mmol/L磷酸盐缓冲体系为分离条件,考察氧氟沙星和扑尔敏两种手性异构体在涂层柱上的分离性能以及涂层柱的稳定性能.在pH 3.0时,对氧氟沙星的分离度为1.81,理论塔板数为4.68×104 plates/m;在连续进样100次后,分离度变化不大,理论塔板数下降率在15%以内,涂层柱运行稳定,各项性能均取得满意的效果.     

One-Step Synthesis of Polyethylenimine-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles and its Demulsification Performance in Surfactant-Stabilized Oil-in-Water Emulsion

In this study, polyethylenimine (PEI)-coated Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were successfully synthesized via a one-step, solvo-thermal method. The synthetic PEI-coated MNPs were characterized by using multiple techniques and their demulsification efficiencies were evaluated in surfactant-stabilized, oil-in-water emulsions. The results showed that the synthesized MNPs successfully adsorbed to the emulsion’s O/W interfaces and, consequently, the oil droplets could be rapidly destabilized under an applied magnetic field. It was found that the demulsification efficiency was enhanced with the increased particle dosage. The opposite effect was found with the increase in pH value and surfactant concentration. The presence of electrolytes facilitated oil removal, presumably by reduction of the electrostatic repulsion or by altering the hydrophobicity of the MNPs. Recovery experiments at various pH levels indicated that the PEI-coated MNPs could be reused for up to ten times without significant reduction in demulsification efficiency. Altogether, the results suggested that the PEI-coated MNPs could provide a simple but powerful tool to remove emulsified oil from aqueous systems.     

超支化聚酯的改性及其结晶性能的研究

用十六酰氯和十八异氰酸酯分别对端羟基的超支化聚酯Boltorn^TMH20改性,可获得粉末状超支化低聚物,具有无定形“内核”及可结晶“外壳”的分子结构.实验结果表明,采用十八异氰酸酯改性的丙烯酸化超支化聚酯的熔点高于十六酰氯改性聚合物.     

Synthesis of Hyperbranched Aminopolysaccharides

Sugar dihydroozaxole monomers with two free hydroxyl groups undergo acid-catalyzed polymerization to hyperbranched aminopolysaccharides [Eq. (a)]. Their molecular weights were determined by the light-scattering method to be between 2.3×10⁵ and 7.6×10⁵. The degree of branching determined by ¹H NMR spectroscopy after reaction with [iPr₂Si(Cl)]₂O is close to the ideal value. Ts=MeC₆H₄SO₂, CSA=10-camphorsulfonic acid.