Deterministic separation of arbitrary photon pair states in integrated quantum circuits

Entangled photon pairs must often be spatially separated for their subsequent manipulation in integrated quantum circuits. Separation that is both deterministic and universal can in principle be achieved through anti‐coalescent two‐photon quantum interference. However, such interference‐facilitated pair separation (IFPS) has not been extensively studied in the integrated setting, which has important implications on performance. This work provides a detailed review of IFPS and examines how integrated device dependencies such as dispersion impact separation fidelity and interference visibility. The analysis applies equally to both on‐chip and in‐fiber implementations. When coupler dispersion is present, the separation performance can depend on photon bandwidth, spectral entanglement and the dispersion. By design, reduction in the separation fidelity due to loss of non‐classical interference can be perfectly compensated for by classical wavelength demultiplexing effects. This work informs the design of devices for universal photon pair separation of states with tunable arbitrary properties.

     

高维辅助的普适量子线路优化

受到Lanyon等(Lanyon B P et al 2008 Nature Physics. 5 134)利用高维Hilbert空间成功简化Toffoli门的启发, 本文将辅助维度应用到普适量子线路中, 结合Cosine-Sine Decomposition(CSD), Quantum Shannon Decomposition(QSD)等矩阵分解方法, 优化了两比特和三比特普适幺正量子线路, 给出了计算n比特普适量子线路复杂度的公式, 并利用线性光学和腔QED系统设计了实验方案. 结果表明, 两比特和三比特量子线路的复杂度已分别接近和优于目前最优结果, 且随着比特数的增加, 本方案的优势愈加明显.     

Towards optimization of quantum circuits

Any unitary operation in quantum information processing can be implemented via a sequence of simpler steps — quantum gates. However, actual implementation of a quantum gate is always imperfect and takes a finite time. Therefore, searching for a short sequence of gates — efficient quantum circuit for a given operation, is an important task. We contribute to this issue by proposing optimization of the well-known universal procedure proposed by Barenco et al. [Phys. Rev. A 52, 3457 (1995)]. We also created a computer program which realizes both Barenco’s decomposition and the proposed optimization. Furthermore, our optimization can be applied to any quantum circuit containing generalized Toffoli gates, including basic quantum gate circuits.      

A scheme of quantum state discrimination over specified states via weak-value measurement

The commonly adopted projective measurements are invalid in the specified task of quantum state discrimination when the discriminated states are superposition of planar-position basis states whose complex-number probability amplitudes have the same magnitude but different phases. Therefore we propose a corresponding scheme via weak-value measurement and examine the feasibility of this scheme. Furthermore, the role of the weak-value measurement in quantum state discrimination is analyzed and compared with one in quantum state tomography in this Letter.     

利用超导量子电路模拟拓扑量子材料

近年来,探索新的拓扑量子材料、研究拓扑材料的新奇物理性质成为凝聚态物理领域的一个热点.但是,由于合成、测量等手段的限制,人们难以在真实材料中实现和观测很多理论预言的材料及其物理性质,促使量子模拟日益成为研究量子多体系统的一个重要手段.作为全固态器件,超导量子电路是一个在扩展性、集成性、调控性上都具有巨大优势的人工量子系统,是实现量子模拟的重要方案.本文总结了利用超导量子电路对时间-空间反演对称性保护的拓扑半金属、Hopf-link半金属和Maxwell半金属等拓扑材料的量子模拟,显示出超导量子电路在模拟凝聚态物理系统方面具有广阔前景.     

Preserving entanglement and the fidelity of three-qubit quantum states undergoing decoherence using weak measurement

We demonstrate a method to preserve entanglement and improve fidelity of three-qubit quantum states undergoing amplitude-damping decoherence using weak measurement and quantum measurement reversal. It is shown that we are able to enhance entanglement to the greatest extent, and to circumvent entanglement sudden death by increasing the weak measurement strength both for the GHZ state and the W state. The weak measurement technique can also enhance the fidelity to the quantum region and even close to 1 for the whole range of the decoherence parameter in both of the two cases. In addition, the W state can maintain more fidelity than the GHZ state in the protection protocol. However, the GHZ state has a higher success probability than the W state.     

能够突破标准量子极限的原子双数态的制备研究

所有经典的双模(两路径)干涉仪的相位测量精度都受限于1/N/(1/2)(其中N为参与干涉测量的总粒子数),这一极限被称为经典极限或标准量子极限.量子计量学最重要的目标之一是探索如何通过量子纠缠实现超越经典极限的测量精度.双数态是一种能突破经典极限的纠缠态,它由数目相等、不可区分的自旋朝上和朝下(双模)玻色粒子组成.通过光学自发参量下转换或囚禁离子内态的操控手段已实现了不到十个光子或离子的双数态.利用玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中原子的自旋混合过程,近年来也能产生多达几千个原子的双数态.但是这样制备的双数态的总粒子数的随机涨落过大,限制了它们的实际应用潜力.最近,我们通过调控原子凝聚体中的量子相变,实现了超过一万个原子的双数态的确定性制备.本文简要综述这一研究进展.     

量子态的非相干光时域测量

提出了利用非相干光实现对量子态的时域高分辨率测量的新方法.以测量Autler-Townes效应为例,通过对信号解析表达式的详细讨论,阐述了利用这种方法测量量子态的物理过程,揭示出被测量的演化规律及测量过程对量子态的影响.研究结果表明利用这种方法既可以有效地、高分辨地测量很小的量子态能级间距和很大的原子能级间距,同时又可以测量相干量子态的横向弛豫速率.通过对时域和频域测量方法的比较表明利用非相干光对量子态的时域测量可以全面揭示量子态演化信息. 关键词： 非相干光 量子态测量 Autler-Townes 效应     

Amplifying and freezing of quantum coherence using weak measurement and quantum measurement reversal

We analyze universal conditions where the l_1 norm and relative entropy of coherence are amplified and frozen under identical bit-flip channels;that is,using pre-measurements(quantum weak measurements or quantum measurement reversals) on the systems before undergoing local bit-flip channels.With the option of quantum weak measurements or quantum measurement reversals,the measurement strength and the success probability are all determined by the initial state of the quantum system.     

Procedure for direct measurement of general quantum states using weak measurement

Recent work by Lundeen et al. [Nature (London) 474, 188 (2011)] directly measured the wave function by weakly measuring a variable followed by a normal (i.e., "strong") measurement of the complementary variable. We generalize this method to mixed states by considering the weak measurement of various products of these observables, thereby providing the density matrix an operational definition in terms of a procedure for its direct measurement. The method only requires measurements in two bases and can be performed in situ, determining the quantum state without destroying it.     

基于量子存储的长距离测量设备无关量子密钥分配研究

针对量子中继器短时间内难以应用于长距离量子密钥分配系统的问题, 提出了基于量子存储的长距离测量设备无关量子密钥分配协议, 分析了其密钥生成率与存储效率、信道传输效率和安全传输距离等参数间的关系, 研究了该协议中量子存储单元的退相干效应对最终密钥生成率的影响, 比较了经典测量设备无关量子密钥分配协议和基于量子存储的测量设备无关量子密钥分配协议的密钥生成率与安全传输距离的关系. 仿真结果表明, 添加量子存储单元后, 协议的安全传输距离由无量子存储的216 km增加至500 km, 且量子存储退相干效应带来的误码对最终的密钥生成率影响较小. 实验中可以采取调节信号光强度的方式提高测量设备无关量子密钥分配系统的密钥生成率, 为实用量子密钥分配实验提供了重要的理论参数.     

Reconstructing unknown quantum states using variational layerwise method

In order to gain comprehensive knowledge of an arbitrary unknown quantum state, one feasible way is to reconstruct it, which can be realized by finding a series of quantum operations that can refactor the unitary evolution producing the unknown state. We design an adaptive framework that can reconstruct unknown quantum states at high fidelities, which utilizes SWAP test, parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) and layerwise learning strategy. We conduct benchmarking on the framework using numerical simulations and reproduce states of up to six qubits at more than 96% overlaps with original states on average using PQCs trained by our framework, revealing its high applicability to quantum systems of different scales theoretically. Moreover, we perform experiments on a five-qubit IBM Quantum hardware to reconstruct random unknown single qubit states, illustrating the practical performance of our framework. For a certain reconstructing fidelity, our method can effectively construct a PQC of suitable length, avoiding barren plateaus of shadow circuits and overuse of quantum resources by deep circuits, which is of much significance when the scale of the target state is large and there is no a priori information on it. This advantage indicates that it can learn credible information of unknown states with limited quantum resources, giving a boost to quantum algorithms based on parameterized circuits on near-term quantum processors.     

Controlled quantum state transfer via parity measurement

In this work, a scheme for controlled quantum state transfer is proposed using parity measurement in a cavity-waveguide system. As two special cases, two schemes of controlled quantum state transfer for one qubit and two qubits are investigated in detail. An important advantage is that controlled quantum state transfer can be completed by single-qubit rotations and the measurement of parity. Therefore, the present scheme might be realized in the scope of current experimental technology.     

The quantum measurement problem and selection of classical states

The problem of selection of preferred basis during passage from quantum to classical systems is treated with the help of a simple example of a 2-state system like the sugar molecule. A simple principle leading to this selection is stated and demonstrated in case of the chosen example. The principle, stated simply is that the preferred basis is the one in which the system environment interaction hamiltonian is diagonal. Talk given at the International Symposium on Theoretical Physics, Bangalore, November 1984.     

‘Counterfactual’ interpretation of the quantum measurement process

The question of the determination of the state of the system during a measurement experiment is discussed within quantum theory, as a part of the more general measurement’s problem. I propose a counterfactual interpretation of the measurement process which answers the question from a conceptual point of view. This interpretation turns out to be consistent with the predictions of quantum theory, but it presents difficulties from an operational point of view.     

Increasing the efficiency of post-selection in direct measurement of the quantum wave function

Direct weak or strong measurement of quantum wave function based on post-selections has been widely explored; however, the efficiency of the measurement is heavily limited by the success probability of post-selection. Here we propose a modified scheme to directly measure photon's wave function by simply inserting a liquid crystal plate before the post-selection stage. Numerical simulations demonstrate that our modified method can significantly increase the efficiency of post selection. Our proposal would speed up the quantum wave function measurement with high resolution and high fidelity.     

Quantum state measurement in double quantum dots with a radio-frequency quantum point contact

We study the dynamics of two electron spins in coupled quantum dots （CQDs） monitored by a quantum point contact （QPC） detector. Their quantum state can be measured by embedding the QPC in an LC circuit. We derive the Bloch-type rate equations of the reduced density matrix for CQDs. Special attention is paid to the numerical results for the weak measurement condintion under a strong Coulomb interaction. It is shown that the evolution of QPC current always follows that of electron occupation in the right dot. In addition, we find that the output voltage of the circuit can reflect the evolution of QPC current when the circuit and QPC are approximately equal in frequency. In particular, the wave shape of the output voltage can be improved by adjusting the circuit resonance frequency and bandwidth.     

An efficient quantum secret sharing protocol with orthogonal product states

An efficient quantum secret sharing protocol with orthogonal product states in the 33 Hilbert space is presented. The particles in the orthogonal product states form two particle sequences. One sequence is sent to Bob and the other is sent to Charlie after rearranging the particle orders. With the help of Alice, Bob and Charlie make the corresponding local measurement to obtain the information of the or- thogonal product states prepared. This protocol has many distinct features such as great capacity and high efficiency.     

An efficient two-step quantum key distribution protocol with orthogonal product states

An efficient two-step quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol with orthogonal product states in the n\otimes n(n\geq3)Hilbert space is presented. In this protocol, the particles in the orthogonal product states form two particle sequences. The sender, Alice, first sends one sequence to the receiver, Bob. After Bob receives the first particle sequence, Alice and Bob check eavesdropping by measuring a fraction of particles randomly chosen. After ensuring the security of the quantum channel, Alice sends the other particle sequence to Bob. By making an orthogonal measurement on the two particle sequences, Bob can obtain the information of the orthogonal product states sent by Alice. This protocol has many distinct features such as great capacity, high efficiency in that it uses all orthogonal product states in distributing the key except those chosen for checking eavesdroppers.