南海成因：岩石圈破裂与俯冲带相互作用新认识

南海深部计划与国际大洋钻探航次取得了一系列创新进展与重大突破:1)发现南海陆缘岩石圈减薄之初未出现地幔蛇纹岩出露,且岩浆迅速出现;2)新提出南海不是"小大西洋",而是"板缘张裂"盆地,与经典的大西洋型"板内张裂"陆缘模式不同;3)揭示南海受到俯冲带的强烈控制,提出俯冲诱发地幔上涌并影响南海岩浆活动。     

三峡黄腊石滑坡深部变形、破裂带的模拟研究

在详细的地质调研和微观测试的基础上，建立了长江三峡黄腊石滑坡深部变形和深部破裂带形成机制的“概念模型”，采用相似材料地质力学模型试验对“概念模型”进行了模拟验证。模拟结果为该滑坡的治理提供了科学依据     

俯冲带环境物质运移的地球化学研究

俯冲带环境下物质运移机理研究是当前板块构造理论研究的前沿和热点。本文从俯冲带火山岩的地球化学组成特征、俯冲带构造环境下变质岩的的地球化学组成特征和高温高压实验三个方面，探讨了俯冲带环境下物质运移的研究方法的理论。     

中国地震带分布

根据全球构造板块学说．地壳被一些构造活动带分割为彼此相对运动的板块,板块当中有的块大,有的块小。大的板块有6个,它们是：太平洋板块、亚欧板块、非洲板块、美洲板块、印度洋板块和南极板块。全球大部分地震发生在大板块的边界上,一部分．发生在板块内部的活动断裂上。经科学家研究,全球主要地震活动带有以下3个。     

晓天—磨子潭断裂的构造演化对大别高压—超高压岩石折返过程的指示

位于大别造山带北部的晓天—磨子潭断裂带分隔了北大别高级变质带和北淮阳浅变质带.该断裂带由韧性剪切带和脆性正断层组成,两者具有基本一致的NW—SE向走向.脆性正断层叠加在韧性剪切带之上,控制了其北侧的早白垩世火山岩盆地的发育,为大别造山带早白垩世穹窿过程中的伸展断层.晓天—磨子潭韧性剪切带叠加在北大别灰色片麻岩之上.糜棱岩中的矿物变形温度估计(600—650℃)、基质多硅白云母探电子针分析及压力计算(约1.1GPa),指示韧性剪切带形成于高角闪岩相的下地壳深度,为造山带同碰撞折返边界.韧性剪切带糜棱面理上的矿物拉伸线理侧伏角自东向西逐渐由水平过渡到近倾向.露头构造、显微构造及石英C轴组构皆指示该韧性剪切带具有上盘向北西的运动方向.韧性剪切带几何学与运动学特征指示,大别造山带高压—超高压岩片的折返是向南东的斜向挤出,并兼有折返岩片以东端为枢纽的逆时针旋转.     

南海北缘中生代古俯冲带位置探讨

系统论述九所—陵水断裂带南北两侧地球物理特征差异、地质、地球化学记录差异和断裂带地质构造特征;在分析南海北缘重力、磁力和地震资料特征的基础上,提出南海北缘中生代古俯冲带西起九所—陵水断裂带,向东呈近EW走向延伸至E112°30′附近被NW走向的右行走滑断层(F1)错断,之后向NEE方向延伸至E116°附近被NW走向的右行走滑断层(F2)错断,再向东沿着NEE方向延伸至E119°30′附近再次被NW走向的右行走滑断层(F3)错断,此后一直延伸至台湾岛。该古俯冲带在布格重力异常上显示为强的水平梯度峰值带,其东段北侧出现与之平行的高磁异常带,指示发育与古俯冲带形成过程有关的火山弧。现有的钻井资料和九所—陵水断裂带的年代学数据研究揭示古俯冲带形成于晚中生代。上述认识与南海北部现有的重力、磁力、地震剖面和钻井等地质地球物理资料是相吻合的。该古俯冲带向西与红河断裂带莺歌海段东侧的分支断层(Ⅰ号断层)相接,向NE方向与台湾寿丰断裂相连。     

华北与扬子板块碰撞带青岛仰口构造混杂岩的三期变形及区域构造意义

青岛仰口构造混杂岩位于大别－胶南造山带东段，为华北与扬子板块碰撞带边界韧性剪切带内的蛇绿混杂岩．它大体经历了三期变形，始于印支期，历经燕山期至后燕山期．     

基于文献计量的国际俯冲带研究发展态势分析

本研究在于探索世界主要国家地区俯冲带研究论文产出情况,以期为我国俯冲带研究和相关决策制定提供参考。以Web of Science信息平台的科学引文索引(Science Citation Index Expanded,SCIE)数据库为数据源,利用文献计量方法,分析国际俯冲带研究的年度变化、期刊分布、主要研究国家或地区的发文影响力及合作情况、主要研究机构和国际热点研究内容。结果显示,国际俯冲带研究论文产量一直呈增长趋势;美国的论文产出数量最多、合作中心性最强;中国俯冲带研究论文近3年增量明显,ESI高被引论文比例最高,但国际合作中心性较弱,其发文最多的机构为中国科学院;俯冲带热结构、俯冲与地震的关系、俯冲带中的流体与岩浆作用以及俯冲带成矿是近年来的研究热点。     

俯冲带变质脱水作用与流体性质

俯冲带不仅是全球最大的物质循环的枢纽,还是地球内部流体活动最为强烈的场所之一。在板片俯冲过程中,经洋底蚀变的洋壳、上覆沉积物和下伏蛇纹石化岩石圈地幔随着温压的升高发生变质脱水反应形成俯冲带流体。脱水过程主要受俯冲板片中含水矿物的稳定性控制,而其流体效应主要受控于俯冲带热结构等因素。俯冲带流体按其含水和溶质比例可分为富水流体、超临界流体和含水熔体等不同类型,流体不仅可以携带传统的LILE,还可以携带HREE、HFSE、金属元素和重要挥发分(如C、N和S等)进行迁移,在制约俯冲板片-岛弧物质循环方面起着重要作用。本研究在回顾俯冲板片的脱水机制、流体作用及其地球化学行为的基础上,对俯冲带流体的研究前景进行了展望。     

Circulation in the western tropical Pacific Ocean and its seasonal variation

An assimilation data set based on the GFDL MOM3 model and the NODC XBT data set is used to examine the circulation in the western tropical Pacific and its seasonal variations. The assimilated and observed velocities and transports of the mean circulation agree well. Transports of the North Equatorial Current (NEC), Mindanao Current (MC), North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) west of 140°E and Kuroshio origin estimated with the assimilation data display the seasonal cycles, roughly strong in boreal spring and weak in autumn, with a little phase difference.The NECC transport also has a semi-annual fluctuation resuiting from the phase lag between seasonal cycles of two tropical gyres' recirculations. Strong in summer during the southeast monsoon period, the seasonal cycle of the Indonesian throughfiow (ITF) is somewhat different from those of its upstreams, the MC and New Guinea Coastal Current (NGCC), implying the monsoon's impact on it.     

Relationship between the Antarctic oscillation in the western North Pacific typhoon frequency

Relationship between the Antarctic oscillation (AAO) and the western North Pacific typhoon number (WNPTN) in the interannual variability is examined in this research. The WNPTN is correlated with the AAO in June-July-August-September (JJAS) in 1949-1998 at -0.48 for the detrended time series, statistically significant at 99% level. The tropical atmospheric circulation as well as the sea surface temperature variability over the western Pacific associated with AAO has been analyzed. It follows that a positive phase of JJAS AAO corresponds to the larger magnitude of the vertical zonal wind shear, the anomalous low-lever anticyclonic circulation and anomalous high-level cyclonic circulation, and lower sea surface temperature in the major typhoon genesis region in the western North Pacific, thus providing unfavorable environment for the typhoon genesis, and vice versa.     

Interdecadal shift in the western North Pacific Summer SST anomaly in the late 1980s

An interdecadal shift in summer (June―August) sea surface temperature (SST) variations during the period of 1968―2002 was identified in the late 1980s, which is characterized by a phase alternating from negative to positive phases of the leading mode of the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the summer monthly mean SST in the Pacific domain 100°―180°E and 0°―40°N, accounting for 30.5% of the total variance. During the period of 1968―1987, the leading mode with a mean negative phase state (mean standard deviation = ?0.586) controlled SST variability in the western North Pacific. Correspondingly, negative SST anomalies occupied the western North Pacific south of Japan and Chinese marginal seas. During the period of 1988―2002, the leading mode shifted to its strong positive polarity (mean standard deviation = 0.781), thus positive SST anomalies appeared in the western North Pacific. Accompanied by the interdecadal shift in summer mean SST, summer mean rainfall increased in southern and southeastern China during the late period, particularly in southeastern China where increase in summer mean rainfall exceeded 40 mm, at the 0.05 significance level.     

西北太平洋西边界流系源区的数值模拟研究

采用POM模式对2005年西北太平洋西边界流系源区进行了数值模拟.针对该海区海表热通量与POM模式匹配困难的问题,在模拟过程中,分别采用由同化AMSR卫星资料插值得到的日平均海表温度场以及由NCEP资料得到的海表净热通量与长、短波辐射通量两种方案来进行海表热强迫.通过与SODA资料的分析结果对比,POM模式模拟结果较好地显示出北赤道流,黑潮源区及棉兰老海流的基本特征,两处断面流速与实际探测资料较为吻合;高度场模拟结果与实况较为一致,但0.9m水位高度线范围呈缩小-放大-缩小-放大的季节性震荡与实况中维持稳定存在一定差异;海温模拟结果与月平均的SODA资料总体一致,但在春夏两季温度略高.     

Lag influences of winter circulation conditions in the tropical western Pacific on South Asian summer monsoon

<正>By means of monthly mean NCEP/NCAR data analyses, this note investigates the lag influences of winter circulation conditions in the tropical western Pacific on South Asian summer monsoon through the methods of composite, correlation and statistical confident test. The results indicate clearly that winter climate variations in the equatorial western Pacific would produce significant influences on the following South Asian summer monsoon, and with the lapse of time the lag influences show clearly moving northward and extending westward features. When winter positive (negative) sea level pressure anomalies occupy the equatorial western Pacific, there is an anticyclonic (cyclonic) circulation anomaly appearing in the northwestern Pacific. With the lapse of time, the anticyclonic (cyclonic) circulation anomaly gradually moves to northeast, and its axis in the west-east directions also stretches, therefore, easterly (westerly) anomalies in the south part of the anticyclonic (cyclonic) circulation anomaly continuously expand westward to the peninsula of India. Undoubtedly, the South Asian summer monsoon is weak (strong).     

Indian Ocean temperature dipole and SSTA in the equatorial Pacific Ocean

The observed sea surface temperature (SST) data of recent 100 years are analyzed and the existence of the Indian Ocean temperature dipole in the equatorial region is exposed further. It is very clear that the amplitude of the positive phase (higher SST in the west and lower SST in the east than normal) is larger than that of the negative phase (higher SST in the east and lower SST in the west). The dipole is stronger in September-November and weaker in January-April than in other months and it also appears obviously inter-annual and inter-decadal variations. Although the Indian Ocean dipole in the individual year seems to be independent of ENSO in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, in general, the Indian Ocean dipole has obviously negative correlation with the Pacific Ocean dipole (similar to the inverse phase of ENSO mode). The atmospheric zonal (Walker) circulation over the equator is fundamental to relate the two dipoles to each other.     

高维多门限时间序列模型在西太平洋副高预报中的应用

 将高维多门限时间序列模型应用于西太平洋副高演化的分析和预报中.结果表明分段后对西太平洋副热带高压的5个特征量的分析预报及其与周围大气环流系统的相互关系较以前的研究结果更具体;所建立的描述西太平洋副热带高压5个特征量的时间序列模型对该5个特征量逐月气候偏差的拟合及外推预报均具有良好的模拟能力.对西太平洋副热带高压各特征量拟合及外推预报准确率分别达到,面积指数为79.2%和76.3%,强度指数为78.3%和80.6%,脊线位置为75.2%和75.0%,北界位置为79.4%和75.0%,西伸脊点为82.3%和81.9%.     

Relationship between the zonal displacement of the western Pacific subtropical high and the dominant modes of low-tropospheric circulation in summer

The zonal displacement of the western Pacific subtropical high remarkably influences the climate anomalies in China. In this paper, a new zonal index of the subtropical high is defined by modifying previous indices, and is used to investigate the relationship between the zonal displacement of the subtropical high and the dominant modes of 850-hPa circulations. It is found that the zonal displacement of the subtropical high is significantly correlated with the first two leading modes of circulations. In particular, the correlation coefficient between the index and the time series associated with the second mode is as high as 0.78 in 1958-2003 (46 years). Since the second mode is not associated with significant anomalies of sea surface temperatures, the above results imply the difficulty in seasonal forecasting of the zonal displacement for the subtropical high. In addition, the interannual variability in the zonal displacement of the subtropical high is considerably enhanced since 1978, due to the effects of both dominant modes, especially the second mode. This is likely to account for the frequent occurrence of anomalous climate in China during the recent two decades.     

Interdecadal variation of tropical cyclone activity in association with summer monsoon, sea surface temperature over the western North Pacific

Based on geographic division over the western North Pacific (WNP), the interdecadal relationships between summer monsoon, sea surface temperature (SST) and tropical cyclones activity (including number, track and intensity) are examined. In the past several decades, the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) and tropical westerlies contribute to the interdecadal variation of TC number in the northwest and southeast of WNP respectively. The increased TC occurrence density to the east of Philippines related to TC track appears during the 1990s, in terms of both steer flow induced by WPSH and genesis location. From the interdecadal viewpoint, the tendency of TC intensity, measured by averaged accumulated cyclone energy, does well agree with that of SST, implying that SST plays an important role in TC intensity. Supported by Special Scientific Research Project for Public Interest (Grant No. GYHY200806009) and National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2009CB421505)     

南太平洋所罗门群岛海域长鳍金枪鱼的生物学特征

根据2011年8-9月南太平洋所罗门群岛海域长鳍金枪鱼资源调查数据,对捕获的长鳍金枪鱼群体组成、性比、性腺成熟度、摄食等生物学特性进行了分析。结果表明:(1)南太平洋延绳钓渔业捕获的长鳍金枪鱼个体较大,叉长为77.5～112.9 cm,优势叉长为93～103 cm(67.2%),平均叉长97.6 cm,雌性与雄性个体大小存在显著差异(P<0.05);(2)体重(W,kg)与叉长(FL,cm)关系分别为:W=4×10-5FL2.829(9总体),W=10-4FL2.565(9雄性),W=6×10-5FL2.764(7雌性);(3)雌、雄性别比为1:1.94,成熟期雌性个体性以Ⅴ、Ⅵ期为主(94.4%),雄性个体以Ⅲ、Ⅳ期为主(65.7%)。推测南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼在调查海域及调查期间存在产卵行为;(4)长鳍金枪鱼在繁殖期间摄食水平较低,摄食等级以0、1级为主(81.1%),其中空胃率占56.6%。平均饱满度指数较低,且与个体大小无关(P>0.05)。