Regular black holes with improved energy conditions and their analogues in fluids

On the premise of the importance of energy conditions for regular black holes, we propose a method to remedy those models that break the dominant energy condition, e.g., the Bardeen and Hayward black holes. We modify the metrics but ensure their regularity at the same time, so that the weak, null, and dominant energy conditions are satisfied, with the exception of the strong energy condition. Likewise, we prove a no-go theorem for conformally related regular black holes, which states that the four energy conditions can never be met in this class of black holes. In order to seek evidences for distinguishing regular black holes from singular black holes, we resort to analogue gravity and regard it as a tool to mimic realistic regular black holes in a fluid. The equations of state for the fluid are solved via an asymptotic analysis associated with a numerical method, which provides a modus operandi for experimental observations, in particular, the conditions under which one can simulate realistic regular black holes in the fluid.     

Near horizon OTT black hole asymptotic symmetries and soft hair

We study the near horizon geometry of both static and stationary extremal Oliva Tempo Troncoso(OTT)black holes. For each of these cases, a set of consistent asymptotic conditions is introduced. The canonical generator for the static configuration is shown to be regular. For the rotating OTT black hole, the asymptotic symmetry is described by the time reparametrization, the chiral Virasoro and centrally extended u(1) Kac-Moody algebras.     

整体正规Schwarzschild黑洞的最大和完备的解析延拓

本文给出了整体正规Schwarzschild黑洞在Kruskal坐标变换中的最大和完备的解析延拓,讨论了零超曲面上的连接条件,比较了奇性和非奇性Schwarzschild黑洞的渐近时空结构。结果表明,可以存在非奇性的稳定的黑洞。 关键词：     

Regular Black Holes with Cosmological Constant

We present a class of regular black holes with cosmological constant A in nonlinear electrodynamics. Instead of usual singularity behind black hole horizon, all fields and curvature invariants are regular everywhere for the regular black holes. Through gauge invariant approach, the linearly dynamical stability of the regular black hole is studied. In odd-parity sector, we find that the A term does not appear in the master equations of perturbations, which shows that the regular black hole is stable under odd-parity perturbations. On the other hand, for the even-parity sector, the master equations are more complicated than the case without the cosmological constant. We obtain the sufficient conditions for stability of the regular black hole. We also investigate the thermodynamic properties of the regular black hole. and find that those thermodynamic quantities do not satisfy the differential form of first law of black hole thermodynamics. The reason for violating the first law is revealed.     

Modified regular black holes with time delay and 1-loop quantum correction

We develop the regular black hole solutions by incorporating the 1-loop quantum correction to the Newton potential and a time delay between an observer at the regular center and one at infinity. We define the maximal time delay between the center and the infinity by scanning the mass of black holes such that the sub-Planckian feature of the Kretschmann scalar curvature is preserved during the process of evaporation. We also compare the distinct behavior of the Kretschmann curvature for black holes with asymptotically Minkowski cores and those with asymptotically de-Sitter cores, including Bardeen and Hayward black holes. We expect that such regular black holes may provide more information about the construction of effective metrics for Planck stars.     

Charged fermions tunneling from regular black holes

We study Hawking radiation of charged fermions as a tunneling process from charged regular black holes, i.e., the Bardeen and ABGB black holes. For this purpose, we apply the semiclassical WKB approximation to the general covariant Dirac equation for charged particles and evaluate the tunneling probabilities. We recover the Hawking temperature corresponding to these charged regular black holes. Further, we consider the back-reaction effects of the emitted spin particles from black holes and calculate their corresponding quantum corrections to the radiation spectrum. We find that this radiation spectrum is not purely thermal due to the energy and charge conservation but has some corrections. In the absence of charge, e = 0, our results are consistent with those already present in the literature.     

Stationary solutions of the Dirac equation in the gravitational field of a charged black hole

A stationary solution of the Dirac equation in the metric of a Reissner-Nordström black hole has been found. Only one stationary regular state outside the black hole event horizon and only one stationary regular state below the Cauchy horizon are shown to exist. The normalization integral of the wave functions diverges on both horizons if the black hole is non-extremal. This means that the solution found can be only the asymptotic limit of a nonstationary solution. In contrast, in the case of an extremal black hole, the normalization integral is finite and the stationary regular solution is physically self-consistent. The existence of quantum levels below the Cauchy horizon can affect the final stage of Hawking black hole evaporation and opens up the fundamental possibility of investigating the internal structure of black holes using quantum tunneling between external and internal states.     

Branes wrapping black holes

We examine the dynamics of extended branes, carrying lower-dimensional brane charges, wrapping black holes and black hole microstates in M and type II string theory. We show that they have a universal dispersion relation typical of threshold bound states with a total energy equal to the sum of the contributions from the charges. In near-horizon geometries of black holes, these are BPS states, and the dispersion relation follows from supersymmetry as well as properties of the conformal algebra. However they break all supersymmetries of the full asymptotic geometries of black holes and microstates. We comment on a recent proposal which uses these states to explain black hole entropy.     

Abbott-Deser-Tekin Charge of Dilaton Black Holes with Squashed Horizons

We consider the conserved charge of static black holes with squashed horizons in the Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton theory via both the Abbott-Deser-Tekin(ADT)method and its off-shell generalization.We Grst make use of the original ADT method to compute the mass of the dilaton squashed black holes in terms of three different reference spacetimes,which are the asymptotic geometry,the flat background and the spacetime of the KaluzaKlein monopole with boundary matched to the original metric,respectively.Each mass satisfies the Grst law of black hole thermodynamics,although the mass computed on the basis of the boundary matching the KaluzaKlein monopole is different from that of the other two reference spacetimes.Then the mass of the black holes is evaluated through the off-shell generalized ADT method.     

Scalar filed evolution and area spectrum for Lovelock-AdS black holes

We study the modes of evolution of massless scalar fields in the asymptotically AdS spacetime surrounding maximally symmetric black holes of large and intermediate size in the Lovelock model. It is observed that all modes are purely damped at higher orders. Also, the rate of damping is seen to be independent of order at higher dimensions. The asymptotic form of these frequencies for the case of large black holes is found analytically. Finally, the area spectrum for such black holes is found from these asymptotic modes.     

Scattering of massless fermions by Schwarzschild and Reissner-Nordstrm black holes

We study the scattering of massless Dirac fermions by Schwarzschild and Reissner-Nordstrm black holes. This is done by applying partial wave analysis to the scattering modes obtained after solving the massless Dirac equation in the asymptotic regions of the two black hole geometries. We successfully obtain analytic phase shifts, with the help of which the scattering cross section is computed. The glory and spiral scattering phenomena are shown to be present, as in the case of massive fermion scattering by black holes.     

General nonextremal rotating black holes in minimal five-dimensional gauged supergravity

We construct the general solution for nonextremal charged rotating black holes in five-dimensional minimal gauged supergravity. They are characterized by four nontrivial parameters: namely, the mass, the charge, and the two independent rotation parameters. The metrics in general describe regular rotating black holes, providing the parameters lie in appropriate ranges so that naked singularities and closed timelike curves (CTCs) are avoided. We calculate the conserved energy, angular momenta, and charge for the solutions, and show how supersymmetric solutions arise in a Bogomol'nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield limit. These have naked CTCs in general, but for special choices of the parameters we obtain new regular supersymmetric black holes or smooth topological solitons.     

Entropy spectrum of the D-dimensional massless topological black hole

There are exact solutions to Einstein’s equations with negative cosmological constant that represent black holes whose event horizons are manifolds of negative curvature, the so-called topological black holes. Among these solutions there is one, the massless topological black hole, whose mass is equal to zero. Hod proposes that in the semiclassical limit the asymptotic quasinormal frequencies determine the entropy spectrum of the black holes. Taking into account this proposal, we calculate the entropy spectrum of the massless topological black hole and we compare with the results on the entropy spectra of other topological black holes.     

Electromagnetic wave propagation with negative phase velocity in regular black holes

We discuss the propagation of electromagnetic plane waves with negative phase velocity in regular black holes. For this purpose, we consider the Bardeen model as a nonlinear magnetic monopole and the Bardeen model coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics with a cosmological constant. It turns out that the region outside the event horizon of each regular black hole does not support negative phase velocity propagation, while its possibility in the region inside the event horizon is discussed.     

Hawking Radiation as a Possible Probe for the Interior Structure of Regular Black Holes

The notion of black hole singularity and the proof of the singularity theorem were considered great successes in classical general relativity whereas they meanwhile brought with deep puzzles. Conceptual challenges were set up by the intractability of the singularity. The existence of black hole horizons which cover up the black hole interior including the singularity from outside observers, builds an information curtain, further hindering physicists from understanding the nature of the singularity and the interior structure of black holes. The regular black hole is a concept produced out of multiple attempts of establishing a tractable and understandable interior structure for black holes as well as avoiding the singularity behind the black hole horizon. The practicality of the new constructions of black holes would be considered more reliable if there can be found some connection between the interior of regular black holes and some far-reaching signals released from the black hole. After studying the Hawking radiation by fermion tunnelling from one type of regular black hole, structure dependent results were obtained. The result being structure dependent hints the prospects of employing the Hawking radiation as a method to probe into the structure of black holes.     

Statistical entropies of extremal Kaluza-Klein AdS black holes in arbitrary dimensions

We have investigated the microscopic interpretations of the entropies for the four-dimensional extremal Kaluza-Klein AdS black hole and its higher-dimensional generalizations by using the Kerr/CFT correspondence. These newly-found Kaluza-Klein AdS black holes are charged rotating asymptotically AdS black hole solutions of gauged supergravity in four and higher dimensions. With suitable boundary conditions on the perturbations of the near-horizon geometry, it is shown that the asymptotic symmetry generators form a two-dimensional Virasoro algebra with a central term. By utilizing the central charge and the temperature of the dual conformal field theory, Cardy formula reproduces the expected Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. Directly working on the ordinary metrics of the extremal Kaluza-klein AdS black holes without taking the near-horizon limit, we also re-derive their microscopic entropies.     

On the static Lovelock black holes

We consider static spherically symmetric Lovelock black holes and generalize the dimensionally continued black holes in such a way that they asymptotically for large $r$ go over to the d-dimensional Schwarzschild black hole in dS/AdS spacetime. This means that the master algebraic polynomial is not degenerate but instead its derivative is degenerate. This family of solutions contains an interesting class of pure Lovelock black holes which are the $N$ th order Lovelock $\Lambda $ -vacuum solutions having the remarkable property that their thermodynamical parameters have the universal character in terms of the event horizon radius. This is in fact a characterizing property of pure Lovelock theories. We also demonstrate the universality of the asymptotic Einstein limit for the Lovelock black holes in general.     

Thermodynamics of rotating regular black holes

This paper presents a study on the thermodynamics of rotating Bardeen as well as Hayward regular black hole and their anti-de Sitter versions. We analyze the temperature, entropy, heat capacity and thermodynamical stability for the considered black hole geometries. The Hawking temperature is calculated using the surface gravity as well as tunneling probability method leading to the same result. We conclude that the considered rotating as well as rotating anti-de Sitter regular black holes are less hot and thermodynamically more stable than ordinary Kerr and Kerr-anti-de Sitter solutions, respectively.     

Collision of two rotating Hayward black holes

We investigate the spin interaction and the gravitational radiation thermally allowed in a head-on collision of two rotating Hayward black holes. The Hayward black hole is a regular black hole in a modified Einstein equation, and hence it can be an appropriate model to describe the extent to which the regularity effect in the near-horizon region affects the interaction and the radiation. If one black hole is assumed to be considerably smaller than the other, the potential of the spin interaction can be analytically obtained and is dependent on the alignment of angular momenta of the black holes. For the collision of massive black holes, the gravitational radiation is numerically obtained as the upper bound by using the laws of thermodynamics. The effect of the Hayward black hole tends to increase the radiation energy, but we can limit the effect by comparing the radiation energy with the gravitational waves GW150914 and GW151226.     

Asymptotic quasinormal modes of scalar field in a gravity’s rainbow

In the framework of the gravity's rainbow, the asymptotic quasinormal modes of the modified Schwarzschild black holes undergoing a scalar perturbation are investigated. By using the monodromy method, we analytically calculated the asymptotic quasinormal frequencies, which depend on not only the mass parameter of the black hole, but also the particle's energy of the perturbation field. Meanwhile, the real parts of the asymptotic quasinormal modes can be expressed as T_H\ln 3, which is consistent with Hod's conjecture. In addition, for the quantum corrected black hole, the area spacing is independent of the particle's energy, even though the area itself depends on the particle's energy. And that, by relating the area spectrum to loop quantum gravity, the Barbero-Immirzi parameter is given and it remains the same as from the usual black hole.