树脂基体性能对纤维缠绕复合材料结构强度影响的研究

实验发现不同树脂基体配方对纤维缠绕复合材料压力容器的水压爆破强度有高达20～35%的影响。本文认为在容器前、后封头上观察到的分层现象是造成这种强度显著波动的主因,并用有限元分析进行了验证。计算结果表明层间剪切应力是引致分层的主要因素,进一步的实验发现基体的层间剪切强度(interlaminar shear strength,简称ILSS)与容器性能之间有很好的相关性。     

Detection and quantification of industrial polyethylene branching topologies via Fourier-transform rheology,NMR and simulation using the Pom-pom model

The significance of sparse long-chain branching in polyolefines towards mechanical properties is well-known. Topology is a very important structural property of polyethylene, as is molecular weight distribution. The method of Fourier-transform rheology (FTR) and melt state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is applied for the detection and quantification of branching topology (number of branches per molecule), for industrial polyethylenes of various molecular weight and molecular weight distributions. FT rheology consists of studying the development of higher harmonics contribution of the stress response to a large amplitude oscillatory shear deformation. In particular, when applying large-amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS), one observes the development of mechanical higher harmonic contributions at 3ω ₁, 5ω ₁,..., in the shear stress response. We correlate the relative intensity, I _3/1, and phase Φ ₃ of these harmonics with structural properties of industrial polyethylene, i.e. polymer topology and molecular weight distribution. Experiments are complemented by numerical simulations, using a multimode differential Pom-pom constitutive model (DCPP formulation), by fitting to the experimental linear and nonlinear viscoelastic behaviours. Simulation results in the nonlinear regime are correlated with molecular properties of the “pom-pom” macromolecular architecture. Qualitative agreement is found between predicted and experimental FT rheology results.     

膨胀土的现场抗剪试验研究

由于膨胀土的裂隙性和超固结特性,膨胀土的抗剪强度不仅是膨胀土地区边坡设计的重要依据,而且一直是膨胀土边坡研究领域的重要课题。本文以南阳膨胀土为例,对膨胀土现场抗剪试验的试样制备及试验方法进行探讨,通过对该地区典型滑坡反算证明,文中的现场抗剪试验方法及抗剪强度的计算公式是合理的。     

Rheological properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)/sodium borate aqueous solutions

Rheological properties were studied for aqueous solutions of poly(vinyl alcohol) containing sodium borate. The solution exhibited a marked shear thickening at a certain critical rate of shear, _c and the flow was unstable at higher rates of shear. The loss modulus exhibited a maximum and the angular frequency corresponding to the maximum, _MAX, was approximately equal to . These features were common to several measurements including various molecular weights and concentrations of polymer and various temperatures. Possible mechanism of shear thickening was discussed based on a temporary network model composed of crosslink points of a finite lifetime.     

沉积物中甲烷水合物饱和度测定及其力学特性研究

在自主研制的实验装置上合成甲烷水合物,采用时域反射技术(TDR)实时监测甲烷水合物生成过程中饱和度的变化,并与系统的压力降法计算的饱和度进行了对比。结果表明TDR法简单易行,结果可靠。对含甲烷水合物沉积物进行了一系列不排水三轴压缩实验,结果表明,含甲烷水合物沉积物的抗剪强度随着有效围压的增加和水合物饱和度的增加而增大;粘聚力随着甲烷水合物饱和度的增加而明显增加,但内摩擦角变化并不显著。在此基础上,提出了抗剪强度与有效围压和水合物饱和度的关系模型。     

一种骨小管中液体流动产生的流量及切应力模型

骨组织受力变形后其内部液体就会流动,同时在其微观结构——骨单元壁中扩散,并进一步产生一系列与骨液流动相关的物理效应,如流体剪切应力、流动电位等,这些物理效应被细胞感知并做出破骨或成骨等反应,来使骨适应外部载荷环境.鉴于骨组织产生的内部液体流动很难实验测定,理论模拟是目前的主要研究手段.基于骨单元的多孔弹性性质建立了骨小管内部液体的流动模型,该模型将骨单元所受的外部载荷与骨小管内部液体的压力、流速、流量和切应力联系起来,并进一步可以研究其力传导与力电传导机制.骨小管模型的建立分别基于中空和考虑哈弗液体的骨单元模型,并考虑了骨单元外壁的弹性约束和刚性位移约束两种边界条件.最终得到骨单元在外部轴向载荷作用下,骨小管内部液体的流量及流体切应力的解析解.结果表明:骨小管中的液体流量与流体切应力都正比于应变载荷幅值和频率,并由载荷的应变率决定.因此应变率可以作为控制流量和流体切应力的一种生理载荷因素.流量随着骨小管半径的增大而非线性增大,而流体切应力则随着骨小管半径的增大而线性增大.此外,在相同的载荷下,含哈弗液体的骨单元的模型中,骨小管中液体的流量和切应力均大于中空骨单元模型.     

压缩-剪切复合应力下PMMA材料的静态力学特性研究

通过压缩具有一定倾斜角(0°,10°,15°,20°和25°)试件和双剪切模型试件,实现了单轴压缩、压缩-剪切复合应力以及纯剪切三种应力状态,得到PMMA(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)在相应应力状态下的应力-应变曲线,同时对不同应力状态下试件的破坏模式进行了分析。结果表明:在不同受力环境中材料的强度和破坏的机理不同;同单轴压缩状态下相比,材料在压缩-剪切复合应力状态下屈服极限、强度极限以及破坏应变均不同程度的增大,呈现明显的"剪切增强"现象。单轴压缩与压缩-剪切应力状态下试件的破坏模式均为在试件短对角面上出现明显的剪切屈服带,由应力分析得出试件剪应力在短对角面上达到最大,引起在此平面上分子链间滑动从而产生应变软化形成剪切屈服带;双剪切试件的破坏模式为与剪切面呈45°的斜面。     

含铺层拼接层合板的剪切强度

对含铺层拼接的碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料层合板进行了剪切强度实验研究.从三种不同铺层拼接角层合板上切取含缺口的剪切试件,通过实验测定了其载荷-位移曲线,得到了剪切强度值.实验结果表明,三组试件的剪切强度基本相同,即拼接层角度改变几乎不会引起层合板的剪切强度发生明显变化.采用有限元软件ABAQUS6.5对实验过程进行模拟,得到拼接层角度改变将引起拼接层中0°层出现切应力集中,但沿缺口切应力的平均值几乎不变.这也说明拼接层角度的变化几乎不影响层合板的剪切强度.     

Composite specimen bearing failure reduction in iosipescu shear tests

ASTM losipescu sheart test fixtures often crush the loaded edges of high shear strength specimens before shear failure occurs between the notches. To alleviate this problem, two new shear test fixtures were designed and built. The first uses a pivoting load surface to track the specimen shape as it changes under load. The second uses a rounded load surface optimized to produce a uniform bearing pressure along the loaded edge of a quasi-isotropic sheet-molding compound (SMC) specimen at shear failure. Finite element analyses and strain gage data are presented that describe the behavior of the baseline ASTM, pivoting load surface and rounded load surface fixtures. A substantial reduction in bearing stress and edge crushing was obtained with the rounded load surface fixture. Additionally, the modified surface optimized to test SMC specimens showed no tendency to change the shear strength measured in other composite specimens.     

关于龙游石窟4号洞4-2号岩柱长期抗剪强度反分析问题的讨论

对于地下工程来说,围岩的长期抗剪强度从来是工程设计者和研究者所关心的课题。但历来仅根据持续时间十分 有限的试验来确定。因此从某种意义上说,由这类试验所得到的,并非真正意义上的长期抗剪强度。所以,本文提出的根据 龙游大型古地下工程即龙游石窟岩柱(包括柱础)的剪坏现象反算岩柱的长期抗剪强度的成果,是很有理论价值的。本文将 以龙游石窟4号洞的4-2号岩柱为对象作古地下工程岩柱长期抗剪强度的反演研究。为了在反演中能进一步考虑剪切面上 各部位的应力变化,作者还借助于FLAC-3D分析结果对不同部分分别进行研究,从而取得了较好的反演结果。     

冲击载荷下钨合金圆台试件绝热剪切变形局部化的数值模

采用有限元计算编码ABAQUS模拟了钨合金圆台试件在冲击载荷下的变形和剪切局部化行为。计算采用二维轴对称应变条件下的绝热模型。钨合金的本构方程采用热粘塑性形式的Johnson Cook模型。为了得到不同尺度的变形信息 ,计算中用了两种网格 ;先用粗糙网格分析试件变形局部化的概貌 ;接着 ,用细密网格 (在变形局部化区域 ,网格尺寸达到 10 m)分析绝热剪切带的形成和发展。有限元模拟得到的绝热剪切带位置和方向与实验一致。计算结果表明 ,绝热剪切带的形成和发展与试件的应力状态密切相关。     

粉煤灰小型空心砌块砌体试验研究

粉煤灰砌块砌体的研究与应用对节能降耗、保护环境、加快推广新型墙体材料的应用具有十分重要的意义.通过粉煤灰小型空心砌块砌体的抗压强度试验和沿通缝截面抗剪强度试验,对其强度、本构关系和弹性模量等基本力学性能进行了分析研究,并结合我国现行规范中已有的砌块砌体计算公式,提出了粉煤灰小型空心砌块砌体的抗压抗剪强度计算公式、应力应变曲线以及弹性模量的计算方法.经分析,其计算结果与试验值吻合较好,填补了规范中粉煤灰砌块基本力学性能分析研究的空白,并为今后工程设计提供了基本技术参数支持和理论参考.     

双T￣2强度理论及其推广

本文在双￣Ｔ２屈服准则的基础上，提出了考虑静水应力影响的广义双Ｔ￣２强度理论，结果表明，广义双Ｔ￣２强度理论与一些材料的实验结果是符合的。     

土石混合体直剪离散元数值试验研究

工程中普遍存在的土石混合体以其复杂的工程地质力学性质越来越受研究者的关注。由于"块石"的存在使得土石混合体在细观层次上呈现明显的结构性特征,这种结构性将影响甚至控制着其变形破坏机制及宏观力学特征。本文借助三维颗粒离散元分析软件YADE分别从含石量、试样尺寸、强度特性等角度对土石混合体的力学性质开展了一系列的数值直剪试验研究工作,并取得了一些有意义的研究成果:在含石量及粒度组成相同的情况下土石混合体的宏观抗剪强度及剪胀性随着试样尺寸的增加而呈现降低趋势,而在相同试样尺寸下将随着含石量的增加而增加;内部块石的存在影响着其细观应力状态,从而影响其宏观力学特性。     

Pulsatile blood flow in large arteries: comparative study of Burton’s and McDonald’s models

To get a clear picture of the pulsatile nature of blood flow and its role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, a comparative study of blood flow in large arteries is carried out using the two widely used models, McDonald＇s and Burton＇s models, for the pressure gradient. For both models, the blood velocity in the lumen is obtained analytically. Elaborate investigations on the wall shear stress （WSS） and oscillatory shear index （OSI） are carried out. The results are in good agreement with the available data in the literature. The superiority of McDonald＇s model in capturing the pulsatile nature of blood flow, especially the OSI, is highlighted. The present investigation supports the hypothesis that not only WSS but also OSI are the essential features determining the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Finally, by reviewing the limitations of the present investigation, the possibility of improvement is explored.     

容量矩阵法在涡方法中的应用

本文将容量矩阵技术与快速Fourier变换相结合求解非矩形域的Poisson方程,再与格子涡方法相结合,发展了一套求解复杂外形的快速涡方法。作为算例,计算了有厚度平板和楔形体的分离流动,得到了满意的结果。特别是在垂直平板绕流中,模拟出了由于剪切层不稳定性引起的小涡结构。     

The interlayer shear effect on graphene multilayer resonators

Graphene nanostrips with single or few layers can be used as bending resonators with extremely high sensitivity to environmental changes. In this paper we report molecular dynamics (MD) simulation results on the fundamental and secondary resonant frequencies f of cantilever graphene nanostrips with different layer number n and different nanostrip length L. The results deviate significantly from the prediction of not only the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory (f∝nL⁻²), but also the Timoshenko's model. Since graphene nanostrips have extremely high intralayer Young's modulus and ultralow interlayer shear modulus, we propose a multibeam shear model (MBSM) that neglects the intralayer stretch but accounts for the interlayer shear. The MBSM prediction of the fundamental and secondary resonant frequencies f can be well expressed in the form f−f_mono∝[(n-1)/n]^bL^−2(1−b), where f_mono denotes the corresponding resonant frequency as the layer number is 1, with b=0.61 and 0.77 for the fundamental and secondary resonant modes. Without any additional parameters fitting, the prediction from MBSM agrees excellently with the MD simulation results. The model is thus of importance for designing multilayer graphene nanostrips based applications, such as resonators, sensors and actuators, where interlayer shear has apparent impacts on the mechanical deformation, vibration and energy dissipation processes therein.     

南海水合物黏土沉积物力学特性试验模拟研究

利用自行研制的含水合物沉积物合成、分解与力学性质测量一体化试验设备,以南海水合物区域的海底粉质黏土作为骨架,制备含水合物沉积物样品,并对其进行了三轴压缩试验研究,获得了水合物分解前后的应力应变曲线和抗剪强度特性. 结果表明:在水合物饱和度0%~45% 的范围内,水合物沉积物的应力应变曲线均表现为弹塑性变形,存在明显的应变硬化现象;抗剪强度、内摩擦角和黏聚力随水合物饱和度的增加而增加. 相对而言,内摩擦角随饱和度增加幅度较小,其他参数在水合物饱和度超过25% 时,呈陡然增高趋势;水合物分解后导致抗剪强度最大可降低为初始的1/4,不同初始饱和度条件下水合物完全分解后沉积物的抗剪强度基本相等,并大于同等围压条件下初始不含水合物的沉积物抗剪强度.      

液滴在大振幅振荡剪切流动中的非线性行为研究

利用YB模型预测了黏性液滴在黏性基质中的形状和取向的非线性变化,并对比前人 的理论和实验工作,讨论了YB模型大振幅剪切流场中的适用性. 还着重 讨论了非线性行为的评估,提出了``峰高比加和法'和``峰面积 比加和法'两种新的评估方法.     

母液对磁流变液力学性质的影响

研究了磁流变液中母液分子在磁场作用下磁矩的变化以及由此引起的剪切屈服强度的变化,探讨了磁流变的微观机理。研究表明,由分子磁矩引起的剪切屈服强度与磁流变液总屈服强度的比随母液分子内电子数的增加而增加,一般情况下,单位体积内的平均分子磁矩占总磁矩的2·53%,由此引起的剪切屈服强度的减少占总剪切屈服强度的5·15%。为减少误差,可尽量选用电子数较少的分子材料作母液。