基于相邻子区相关系数的散斑质量评价方法

通过分析相邻子区间的相关系数与散斑质量的关系,提出一种新的全局散斑质量评价参数,即平均近邻零均值归一化互相关系数,可用于单个散斑的评价.与信息熵、平均灰度梯度这两种常用的全局散斑质量评价参数对比分析发现,提出的平均近邻零均值归一化互相关系数稳定性更好.实验结果表明,平均近邻零均值归一化互相关系数越大,位移测量中的均值误...     

基于微区统计特性的数字散斑相关测量亚像素位移梯度算法

提出了一种形式简单、求解快速、稳定性好和精度高的用于数字散斑相关方法亚像素位移求解的微区梯度算法。介绍了算法原理,并给出了四种不同模式的算法公式。采用模拟图像,介绍了四种模式在计算时间、计算子窗口时对结果的影响,并对适用范围和求解精度等方面进行了分析对比。最后的计算实例验证了算法的可行性和优越性。     

散斑条纹图的自适应窗口滤波方法

针对散斑噪声很难用常用的滤波方法进行滤除,在已有等值线滤波方法的基础上,提出一种更优的自适应窗口滤波方法。由于等值线窗口是在条纹方向图的基础上得到的,深入研究条纹方向的求取方法,提出了一种更为可靠的条纹方向求取算法,在得到高精度条纹方向的同时,还能估计出条纹的密度。使用等值线窗口技术,保持了窗口形状的自适应能力,然后利用对条纹密度的估计,根据条纹的宽度来确定滤波窗口的大小,实现了滤波窗口大小的自适应。最后,根据条纹方向和滤波后的图像可以直接得到条纹密度变化较大的单幅散斑图的相位结果。     

电子散斑相位主值图的等值线正余弦滤波方法

电子散斑干涉测量相位主值图含有大量的噪声,在对相位主值图进行解缠处理前,一般先要对其进行去噪处理。针对相位主值图的特点,提出一种利用条纹方向信息的等值线正余弦滤波方法。首先由相位主值图求取其方向图,进而得到条纹等值线窗口,最后对相位主值图在条纹等值线窗口内进行正余弦滤波。和已有的滤波方法相比,它具有优点:相位主值图中的跳变信息保持非常好;由于是在等相位线上进行滤波,对相位信息没有损伤;更好地消除相位主值图中的散斑噪声。模拟图实验和真实图实验均验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于数字图像相关的平面物体面形散斑图形偏折术

提出了一种基于数字图像相关(DIC)的散斑图形偏折术(SPD),将二维DIC用于测量镜面的三维面形。用散斑位移代替条纹形变,使偏折术的测量过程更简单高效,只需拍摄两幅散斑图,面形检测精度可以达到微米量级。介绍了SPD的原理与方法,推导了相关公式,对散斑图进行了设计制作。实验测量了一块有机玻璃板的面形,与相位测量偏折术的结果对比,其测量精度接近1μm。     

基于条纹等值线相关的散斑条纹图处理新方法

在数字散斑干涉术中,通常由物体变形前后得到的两幅原始散斑场用相减方法来得到条纹图,并由相移后的多幅(三幅以上)条纹图来求取相位场。介绍了一种基于条纹等值线相关的条纹图生成新方法,并在此基础上提出了基于单幅干涉条纹图的相位场提取新方法和基于条纹等值线相关的单步相移新方法。实验结果表明,该方法具有良好的结果和发展前景。     

角度散斑相关方法表面粗糙度测量实验

基于角度散斑相关原理开展了对喷砂表面粗糙度样块的粗糙度测量实验研究.通过对散斑图像数据的处理和分析,提出了求取角度散斑相关系数最大值的滑动相关算法.该算法能有效克服表面小平度、波度等因素序不利影响.从最佳测量条件出发,提出了最佳入射角增量的概念,并在此基础上形成了包括散斑图像采集过程币图像数据处理方法在内的一整套表面粗糙度测量方法.该测量方法的核心是对被测表面的多个激光照明区域币多个激光入射角下的远场散斑图像的采集及数据处理.实验结果表明,应用本测量方法得到的轮廓均方根偏差磊佳估计值d.与表面样品给定的轮廓算术平均偏差Ra成很好的线性关系.     

空间平均的角度散斑相关粗糙度测量模拟研究

角度散斑相关是一种不受表面粗糙度轮廓的间距特性影响的粗糙度幅度参量测量方法,它的数学模型通常建立在集平均的基础上。通过模拟计算随机粗糙表面的远场散斑场,以散斑图面上的空间平均代替常规的集平均来计算角度散斑相关系数,并应用集平均的数学模型反演粗糙度参量。结果证实了这种空间平均角度散斑相关粗糙度测量方法的有效性,在同一表面只需对少数个区域进行测量并对测得的粗糙度参量取平均,即可获得足够的测量精度。对于Rq大于2.0μm的表面,测量相对误差小于15%。根据最佳测量条件,该方法适用于大粗糙度表面。     

基于电子散斑干涉与数字剪切散斑干涉法的悬臂薄板振动分析

基于激光光路的光波随机相位扰动,分析了电子散斑干涉实时图像相减时模态条纹图的形成机理,提出了一种振幅涨落测量法。搭建了用于离面振动分析的电子散斑干涉和数字剪切散斑干涉测量系统,并对完整和含狭缝的悬臂铝板的振动特性进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,实时图像相减模式获得的模态条纹图对比度明显优于其他方法,得到的前10阶模态条纹图与有限元法计算结果具有良好的一致性。相比于电子散斑干涉法,数字剪切散斑干涉法对试样局部的刚度变化和缺陷更敏感。     

基于数字散斑相关法的岩石材料力学性能的测试

岩石在外力作用下会发生形变,发现和了解岩石材料的形变、应力分布等对避免灾害会起到重要的预警作用。采用高精度的数字散斑相关技术,对岩石材料形变、应力和应变进行了非接触式测量。为验证实验结果的有效性,电阻应变计贴附于采集区附近并且实验结果与电测结果吻合较好。表明数字散斑相关测量技术能够用于岩石等材料的形变检测,预报变形信息,结果可以定量和定性显示。     

Assessment of speckle-pattern quality in digital image correlation based on gray intensity and speckle morphology

In digital image correlation (DIC), speckle patterns are generated on the surface of a specimen to resolve uniqueness issues. Thus, speckle patterns significantly affect the accuracy of image correlation. To assess the quality of speckle patterns, the standard deviation of gray intensities within each speckle (SDGIS) is introduced as a new metric. On the basis of the cumulative distribution of SDGIS, speckle-pattern quality measurement (ρ) is proposed, which integrates the features of gray intensity and speckle morphology. Twelve speckle patterns are generated by changing the spraying time and nozzle sizes of an airbrush because these are associated with the speckle volume fraction and speckle size, respectively. In addition, three displacement fields are used to investigate the effects of speckle patterns on the accuracy of the DIC results. For the 12 speckle images associated with the three displacement fields, the correlation results demonstrate that the proposed speckle-pattern quality measurement is inversely proportional to the averaged error of the subset method. This is statistically confirmed by evaluating the correlation coefficient and p-value. Furthermore, the error of the subset method is more affected by speckle patterns than the subset size when the subset size is sufficiently large.     

Quality assessment of speckle patterns for DIC by consideration of both systematic errors and random errors

The performance of digital image correlation (DIC) is influenced by the quality of speckle patterns significantly. Thus, it is crucial to present a valid and practical method to assess the quality of speckle patterns. However, existing assessment methods either lack a solid theoretical foundation or fail to consider the errors due to interpolation. In this work, it is proposed to assess the quality of speckle patterns by estimating the root mean square error (RMSE) of DIC, which is the square root of the sum of square of systematic error and random error. Two performance evaluation parameters, respectively the maximum and the quadratic mean of RMSE, are proposed to characterize the total error. An efficient algorithm is developed to estimate these parameters, and the correctness of this algorithm is verified by numerical experiments for both 1 dimensional signal and actual speckle images. The influences of correlation criterion, shape function order, and sub-pixel registration algorithm are briefly discussed. Compared to existing methods, method presented by this paper is more valid due to the consideration of both measurement accuracy and precision.     

基于小波变换的新型数字散斑相关方法

通过将小波分析的方法应用到传统的空域相关计算中,提出了基于小波变换的数字散斑相关方法。详细介绍了该方法的原理,并对传统空域相关方法与小波相关方法进行了实验计算比较。实验结果表明,与传统的空域相关方法相比,基于小波变换的数字散斑相关方法大大提高了相关计算的精度,精度由0 05像素提高到了0 01像素以下。最后利用该方法测量了编织结构复合材料板在三点弯曲载荷作用下的位移场。     

基于单幅数字散斑投影及图像相关的离面振动测量

采用单幅数字散斑图投影及高速数字图像采集技术,研究了动态离面位移的测量。采用商用液晶投影仪将计算机产生的模拟散斑图投影到待测动态变形物体表面,由高速数字图像采集设备摄取并保存变形散斑图,采用时间序列数字图像相关软件计算出物体表面各点随时间变化的离面位移。这种方法用于振动分析时不仅可以获得振型分布,而且还可以获得各点的振幅值。与现有的激光频闪照相测振及激光多普勒测振等方法相比,具有光学系统简单,可全场定量测量。悬臂梁振动实验结果证实了该方法的有效性。     

Speckle pattern quality assessment for digital image correlation

To perform digital image correlation (DIC), each image is divided into groups of pixels known as subsets or interrogation cells. Larger interrogation cells allow greater strain precision but reduce the spatial resolution of the data field. As such the spatial resolution and measurement precision of DIC are limited by the resolution of the image. In the paper the relationship between the size and density of speckles within a pattern is presented, identifying that the physical properties of a pattern have a large influence on the measurement precision which can be obtained. These physical properties are often overlooked by pattern assessment criteria which focus on the global image information content. To address this, a robust morphological methodology using edge detection is devised to evaluate the physical properties of different speckle patterns with image resolutions from 23 to 705 pixels/mm. Trends predicted from the pattern property analysis are assessed against simulated deformations identifying how small changes to the application method can result in large changes in measurement precision. An example of the methodology is included to demonstrate that the pattern properties derived from the analysis can be used to indicate pattern quality and hence minimise DIC measurement errors. Experiments are described that were conducted to validate the findings of morphological assessment and the error analysis.     

Variational denoising method for electronic speckle pattern interferometry

Traditional speckle fringe patterns by electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) are inherently noisy and of limited visibility, so denoising is the key problem in ESPI. We present the variational denoising method for ESPI. This method transforms the image denosing to minimizing an appropriate penalized energy function and solving a partial differential equation. We test the proposed method on computer-simulated and experimental speckle correlation fringes, respectively. The results show that this technique is capable of significantly improving the quality of fringe patterns. It works well as a pre-processing for the fringe patterns by ESPI.     

基于Contourlet变换的无参考立体图像质量评价

立体图像的景物生动逼真,给人一种身临其境的全新视觉享受,但在制作、存储和传输过程中往往会产生失真。为了评价立体图像的质量优劣,提出了一种基于轮廓波(Contourlet)变换的无参考立体图像质量评价算法。通过对失真的左、右图像分别进行主成分分析(PCA)融合来生成新的融合图像,并使用基于SSIM(Structural Similarity)立体匹配算法生成视差图和匹配差值图,然后对上述三张图片进行Contourlet变换,再然后使用自定义的高频能量指标并结合边缘强度和信息熵,最后将得到的特征输入支持向量回归(Support Vector Regression,SVR)模型中学习,得出质量评价分数。该方法在德克萨斯大学公布的立体图像库中进行了验证,线性相关系数和斯皮尔曼相关系数在Phase I库中可高达0.957和0.947,在Phase II库中也可高达0.944和0.934,与主观评价吻合度很高,优于最新的一些评价方法。     

基于单摄像机的三维位移测试方法

基于三维位移测量手段在工程技术领域的必要性和重要性,开展了基于单摄像机和数字图像相关的三维位移测试方法研究.基于图像位移场矢量中心和斜率与面内和离面位移的分别对应关系,采用Savitzky-Golay(SG)微分滤波器分离图像位移子区内的常数项与一次项,可实现物体三维位移分量的有效分离.以针孔摄像机成像模型为基础,开展了相应的数值模拟实验及悬臂梁端部受载的实验,发展了与三维线性变形对应的散斑图模拟方法,验证了基于二阶位移模式的牛顿-拉夫森迭代法的精度和适用性.数值模拟与实验结果均验证了三维位移测试方法用于实现物体三维位移重构的可行性和优越性.