第二讲合成孔径声纳成像及其研究进展

文章在介绍了图像声纳的特点、合成孔径声纳（synthetic aperture sonar,SAS）产生背景和发展过程的基础上,对合成孔径声纳的原理、技术难点、成像算法等问题进行了讨论.着重分析了合成孔径声纳成像过程中高分辨率的获取方法、水声信道对成像的影响、多子阵技术及其成像算法、稳定的声纳运动平台和运动监测问题、运动补偿与自聚焦方法等.文章还给出了国内外合成孔径声纳研究的最新进展情况,进而展望了合成孔径声纳的应用前景.     

第二讲 合成孔径声纳成像及其研究进展

文章在介绍了图像声纳的特点、合成孔径声纳（synthetic aperture sonar,SAS）产生背景和发展过程的基础上,对合成孔径声纳的原理、技术难点、成像算法等问题进行了讨论.着重分析了合成孔径声纳成像过程中高分辨率的获取方法、水声信道对成像的影响、多子阵技术及其成像算法、稳定的声纳运动平台和运动监测问题、运动补偿与自聚焦方法等.文章还给出了国内外合成孔径声纳研究的最新进展情况,进而展望了合成孔径声纳的应用前景.     

基于混合能量模型水平集的合成孔径声纳图像分割方法

本文讨论了合成孔径声纳图像分割问题。首先介绍了Chan-Vese模型水平集方法,针对该模型存在的边界定位和重复初始化等问题,提出了一种改进的水平集方法。该方法的能量模型由区域信息项、边界信息项和距离约束函数构成的内部能量项三部分混合形成,既兼顾了全局优化特性和局部定位精度,又避免了水平集函数重复初始化,提高了运算效率。实验结果表明,该模型对于噪声干扰严重、边缘模糊的合成孔径声纳图像分割效果良好。     

一种合成孔径声纳图像线目标提取方法

本文研究了针对高分辨率合成孔径声纳图像中常见的管道、线缆等重要水下设施的线目标提取方法。基于图割理论的Grab Cut算法相比其他迭代算法具有较快的收敛速度,但需要人工辅助选定前/背景区域的初始化条件;为此,本文设计了基于尺度放缩后进行Radon变换的感兴趣区域提取环节,作为Grab Cut的初始化步骤解决方案,使之可以快速自动解译;此外,该优化方案还缩小了模型训练的样本容量,提升了直线目标的提取精度和效率。经实验验证,该方法可以快速准确地提取直线目标,且具有相对较强的鲁棒性。     

基于多分辨分析的合成孔径声纳相干斑抑制研究

相干斑噪声的存在使合成孔径声纳图像不能正确反映目标的反射特性,严重影响了图像的质量,降低了对图像的分析和理解性能。一个良好的合成孔径声纳图像相干斑抑制算法,必须在有效抑制相干斑噪声的同时,尽量保持图像中的边缘、点目标等细节信息。小波变换具有多分辨特性,可以利用其多分辨特性进行图像噪声消除。由于合成孔径声纳图像相干斑具有乘性噪声的性质,这就需要对其合成孔径声纳图像进行对数变换,把乘性噪声转换成加性噪声。然后对加性噪声进行小波多分辨分析和阈值处理,剔除小于阈值的小波系数后进行逆小波变换和指数变换,从而获得抑制相干斑噪声后的新的合成孔径声纳图像。从相干斑抑制的结果可以看出,基于多分辨分析的相干斑噪声抑制算法能够有效降低合成孔径声纳图像中的相干斑噪声。     

一种基于多普勒频移的被动合成孔径声纳探测方法*

由于自主小平台声纳孔径有限,对声纳探测的分辨率的提高有所限制。小平台的机动可以有效的与声纳探测方法相结合来提高声纳探测性能。针对这一特点,提出一种基于多普勒频移技术的被动合成孔径声纳探测方法。该方法根据自主小平台的机动所引起声纳的接收信号多普勒频移的变化,进行目标的频率与方位联合估计。本文将自主小平台的机动引入到波束形成技术当中形成一种新的被动合成孔径技术。数值仿真表明,该方法可以有效的进行目标方位估计,并且获得较高的方位分辨率,改善了自主小平台的探测性能。     

干涉合成孔径声纳多视波动配准方法

本论文以相位差平均波动函数法为基础,提出了多视波动配准方法。该方法首先对配准图像对进行多视平均处理,再对多视处理后的干涉图求取相位差平均波动函数值。该配准方法抑制了配准过程中的多峰现象,在精度和运算量上都有一定的改进,且没有继承多视处理降低二维分辨率的缺点。实际湖试数据验证了该方法的效果。后续处理得到的干涉图条纹清晰,并与实际地形吻合。     

一种实用的消除干涉合成孔径声纳的水平地形效应的方法

本文根据干涉合成孔径声纳的特点给出了一种结合干涉图和部分系统参数的消除水平地形效应方法。基于干涉合成孔径声纳的几何结构,给出了一种依赖于参考高度的水平地形相位公式。然后利用干涉图条纹选取合适的参考高度。湖试数据的处理结果证明了该方法的可行性。     

863合成孔径声纳项目通过验收

由中国科学院声学研究所主持研制的国内第一套合成孔径声纳海试样机于2005年底在浙江舟山海域进行的海上试验中获得圆满成功,并于2006年初顺利通过863专家组验收。该样机不仅填补了国内空白,而且主要指标已经达到国际先进水平。     

高分辨侧扫及合成孔径声纳图像与回波中类似水雷目标计算机检测与分类

计算机辅助目标识别与分类技术有可能可靠地在海底发现水雷及其它感兴趣的目标,高效省时,一致性强,不受操作员个体因素影响。自90年代以来,是多个研究部门的热点课题。近年来,合成孔径侧扫声纳技术日趋成熟,能提供更高分辨率的声图,更是促进了自动识别与分类的发展。本文综合评述了高分辨侧扫及合成孔径声纳图像与回波中类似水雷目标- MLO (Mine Like Object)-计算机检测与分类-CAD/CAC（Computer Aided Detection/ Computer Aided Classification）-研究的发展,现状及趋向。     

Parallel Discrete Molecular Dynamics Simulation With Speculation and In-Order Commitment

Discrete molecular dynamics simulation (DMD) uses simplified and discretized models enabling simulations to advance by event rather than by timestep. DMD is an instance of discrete event simulation and so is difficult to scale: even in this multi-core era, all reported DMD codes are serial. In this paper we discuss the inherent difficulties of scaling DMD and present our method of parallelizing DMD through event-based decomposition. Our method is microarchitecture inspired: speculative processing of events exposes parallelism, while in-order commitment ensures correctness. We analyze the potential of this parallelization method for shared-memory multiprocessors. Achieving scalability required extensive experimentation with scheduling and synchronization methods to mitigate serialization. The speed-up achieved for a variety of system sizes and complexities is nearly 6× on an 8-core and over 9× on a 12-core processor. We present and verify analytical models that account for the achieved performance as a function of available concurrency and architectural limitations.     

Modified signed-digit addition by using binary logic operations and its optoelectronic implementation

In this work, a three-step modified signed-digit (MSD) addition by using binary logic operations is proposed. Each input digit is encoded with two binary bits. Through binary logic operations, all of the weight and transfer digits and the final sum digits represented with the same encoding scheme will be generated. The operations can be performed at each digit position in parallel. In our suggested optical arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), a single electron trapping (ET) device is employed to serve as the binary logic device. This technique based on ET logic possesses the advantage of high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The optoelectronic system can be constructed in a simple, compact and general-purpose form.     

OFDM水声通信实时处理系统的多处理器并行

OFDM(正交频分复用)充分利用频带,具有较高的数据传输速率;ADSP-TS101是具有高速并行处理能力的高性能数学信号处理芯片。针对OFDM水声通信的实时处理要求,本文设计并研制了具有实时处理能力的水声通信系统。该系统包括由多片ADSP-TS101构成的松/紧联合耦合的并行处理结构作为处理核心、无相位偏差的多通道同步采样模块和FPGA(现场可编程门阵列)逻辑控制模块。湖上实验结果表明该系统具有良好的稳定性和实时处理能力,满足工程设计要求。     

Investigation of multiwavelength clock recovery based on heterodyne beats of sideband-filtered signal

We investigate a new parallel all-optical clock recovery scheme based on heterodyne beats of an optical sideband-filtered signal. The oscillating clock signal is recovered when the filtered sideband is combined with a stable local oscillator. The filtering is performed with an optical resonator, which by nature provides possibility for multiwavelength operation. The local oscillator could be realized by a multiwavelength laser, whose emission wavelengths are injection seeded with carrier wavelengths of the input data. The output signal of such a configuration benefits from a reduced bit-pattern effect and a stable offset level. The sideband filtering is demonstrated for 23 simultaneous channels at 100 GHz DWDM grid, each hosting a data stream of 10 Gbit/s.     

Method of developing all-optical parallel to serial converter exploiting Kerr non-linearity of medium

Different all-optical logic operations, memory blocks etc. are developed using the inherent parallelism of optics. In any digital communication and computation system, the role of serial to parallel and parallel to serial data conversion are very much essential for making a data convenient for transition.Here in this paper, the authors propose a new scheme for developing an all-optical parallel to serial data conversion system by using optical J-K Flip-Flops and some logic gates based on optical non-linear switches. The uses of such switches are widely established in the area of optical parallel computation.This process can be extend for developing some all-optical digital devices like shift register, optical pulse counters etc. The proposed scheme deals with the best use of high parallelism of the optics, so the super-fast processing speed can be achieved.     

光学全混洗网络互连函数的矩阵描述及其应用

采用自由空间光学互连技术实现的全混洗网络是数字光计算系统的基本互连网络,本文针对全混洗互连函数现有描述方法的不足,引入了描述全混洗互连函数的互连矩阵,并给出了全混洗网络互连矩阵的具体形式,为模拟或验证全混洗网络实验结果提供了理论依据。     

Phase unwrapping based on a parallel noise-immune algorithm

A newly developed path-independent phase unwrapping algorithm, which is simple and concise, is presented. The algorithm is based on a parallel elimination of local phase jumps and the subsequent shifts of them, through iterations, to the boundary or to cancel with others in the midway. The number of iterations never exceeds the sum of the width and height of the processed map, whereas for cellular automata algorithm, a multiplier of the cycle of iterations by the proposed algorithm herein is easily needed for successful treatment of a same map. The proposed noise-immune algorithm is applied to a phase map of electronic speckle pattern interferometry (without any filtering work) to prove its effectiveness.     

高速红外图像判读系统设计研究

针对实时跟踪领域事后图像判读处理数据量大、时间冗长的问题，提出了一种新型高速图像判读系统．该系统基于多线程乒乓缓冲技术，实现了图像加载、显示及处理三项工作相互独立和并行执行．通过对红外图像进行灰度拉伸，预处理，亚像元插值细分等操作，有效提高了判读准确度．实验表明，该判读系统提高了数字图像判读系统的工作效率，大大缩短了数据处理时向．     

基于并行组合加权均值级联形态滤波算法的散斑噪音压缩

本文提出一种新的用于散斑噪音压缩的并行组合加权均值级联形态滤波算法。首先采用3×1和1×3两个线型结构元素分别进行形态开一闭、闭一开运算,然后利用散斑噪音的负指数统计规律加权求平均,最后再采用5×1和1×5两个线型结构元素重复上述运算。模拟结果表明此算法既有效地压缩了散斑噪音又保持了图象的几何结构,并且通过比较证明其优于F.Safa的多方向形态滤波算法。