EBSD-XPS法分析磷石膏中杂质物相

磷石膏是湿法磷酸过程形成的固体副产物。磷石膏中含有磷、氟、硅等有害杂质组分,极大影响磷石膏制品的质量和性能,巨量磷石膏堆存严重威胁生态环境和生命安全。确定磷石膏中杂质物相的赋存状态,为磷石膏除杂净化和综合利用提供理论指导,非常重要。以低温干燥后的磷石膏为研究对象,利用X射线荧光光谱（XRF）分析确定磷石膏中杂质元素的组成,结果表明,磷石膏中的杂质元素含量较高的有P,Si,F和Al,含量较低的有Ba,Fe和Mg等。因二水硫酸钙物相强峰对杂质物相峰有较强遮蔽作用,X射线衍射光谱（XRD）分析不能确定磷石膏杂质的物相。利用扫描电子显微镜对磷石膏进行电子背散射衍射（EBSD）分析,根据被检样品衬度的区别探明磷石膏的杂质物相,利用X射线能谱分析（EDS）成分确定杂质物相组成;利用X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对硫酸钙晶体表面以及混合杂质物相作进一步分析。EBSD分析结果表明,磷石膏中杂质物相主要包括二氧化硅、氟硅酸钠、氟硅酸钾、氟磷酸钙、氟化钙、硫酸钡、硫化铁、三氧化二铝等,此外还有硅、铝、磷、氟等杂质混合组成的复盐物相,其中二氧化硅、硫酸钡、硫化铁、氟磷酸钙和三氧化二铝为独立赋存物相,氟硅酸钠和氟硅酸钾的物相则混合分布在硫酸钙晶体之间,氟化钙杂质与硅、铝、磷、氟杂质复盐物相结合赋存。XPS分析结果表明,磷石膏中还存在硅酸钙、氟化铝、氟化镁、硫酸铝、磷酸铝、磷酸钙、磷酸氢钙和磷酸二氢钙等物相,其中磷酸钙、磷酸氢钙、磷酸二氢钙和氟磷酸钙四种物相的特征峰位分布极为接近。采用EBSD-XPS组合分析方法,不仅确定了磷石膏中杂质的物相,还阐明了杂质物相与硫酸钙晶体之间的构效关系。该研究为磷石膏杂质物相分析提供新途径,为磷石膏除杂净化及其综合利用提供坚实的理论依据。     

交联淀粉微球酶降解过程的FTIR和XRD分析

以可溶性淀粉为原料,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,采用反相悬浮聚合得到了一种交联淀粉微球(CSM)。为了深入了解交联淀粉微球(CSM)的降解过程,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线粉末衍射(XRD) 等光谱分析手段,对可溶性淀粉、CSM及其CSM在模拟肠液中不同时间的降解产物进行了分析。FTIR和SEM的研究结果表明, CSM在消化液中3 h内可稳定维持其交联结构,降解后3和12 h之间1 090 cm-1处的C—O—C弯曲振动峰减弱,酰胺的Ⅰ带吸收峰和Ⅱ带吸收峰强度的减弱说明了淀粉分子链被降解, 交联结构开始解聚,12 h后酰胺的Ⅰ带吸收峰和Ⅱ带吸收峰完全消失,说明交联结构已完全被除去;XRD结果表明,CSM在消化液中降解12 h后的情况与可溶性淀粉的降解情况相似,非结晶性部分被分解,结晶度随降解过程的进行而提高,但是仍然小于可溶性淀粉的结晶度。     

轴流压气机转子叶片的流固耦合分析

本文针对压气机转子叶片流固耦合问题,采用耦合平台MpCCI连接商业CFD软件FINE/Turbo与CSM软件ABAQUS模拟了设计转速下不同流量工况点的流固耦合问题,对比了流场定常计算与流固耦合非定常计算的结果,得到了叶片振动位移频谱振幅图以及效率和压比变化曲线。研究结果表明在失速点附近叶片振动对流场有显著影响,由此可以对压气机的颤振问题进行预测。     

一种点光源的自适应束斑X射线衍射仪的研制

为同时实现微米量级待测区域和毫米量级待测区域的物相分析,以及对表面不平整样品准确的物相分析,本实验室结合X射线衍射技术、CCD相机成像技术和毛细管微会聚X光调控技术,研制了一款能根据待测区域大小自适应调节照射X射线束斑直径的点光源X射线衍射仪Hawk-Ⅱ,其主要组成包括X射线源系统、六维联动运动系统、CCD相机、X射线探测系统和基于LabVIEW的软件控制系统.为验证设备的可行性,对表面不平整的人民币五角硬币进行分析,发现Hawk-Ⅱ测得的衍射图与标准PDF卡基本一致,而帕纳科X-Pert Pro MPD测得的衍射图最大偏移角度高达0.52°.对清代红绿彩瓷白釉和表面镀Cu,Fe的纳米材料采用不同直径的X射线束进行分析,发现白釉的晶体分布较为均匀,而纳米材料的表面镀膜不均匀.应用Hawk-Ⅱ分析一片西汉青铜,根据其锈蚀点的大小自适应调节照射X射线束斑直径,从而实现了物相的精确分析.由分析结果可知,Hawk-Ⅱ不仅拥有准确分析不规则样品的能力,而且拥有从微米级到毫米级待测区域的物相分析能力,并兼具能量色散X射线荧光分析功能,在诸多领域具有广泛的应用前景.     

三维两粒子Calogero-Sutherland模型的代数解法

利用赝角动量算符方法给出了三维两粒子CSM的算符体系,研究了三维两粒子CSM谱空间上的对称性.得到归一化的本征函数和Glauber相干态的解析表达式.     

166—176Yb基带转动惯量随中子数变化的微观机制

利用推转壳模型(CSM)的粒子数守恒(PNC)处理方法,分析了^166—176Yb偶偶核基带转动惯量随中子数变化的微观机制.仔细分析了CSM的PNC波函数的K结构和seniority结构.低激发高j闯入K^π=1⁺组态的分布对转动惯量值有决定性影响.     

基于定量相分析的固溶度测定

为了解决固溶度测定周期长、测定工作量较大的问题,提出了基于定量相分析的固溶度测定方法.该方法通过最小二乘法拟合多相区样品的物相定量分析结果和样品组元成分,可以快速得出固溶体的固溶度.在物相定量分析精确度高和组元成分精确的情况下,能很好地得出固溶度;若物相定量分析精确度不是很高,也可以快速得出固溶度的范围.     

X射线衍射法定量分析蒙脱石中的α-SiO_2

矿物药蒙脱石(Montmorillonite)是一种硅铝酸盐复合物,由于其特殊的结构,所得到的蒙脱石或多或少的含有α-SiO_2,传统物理化学分析方法只能得到蒙脱石中总的二氧化硅含量,无法得到游离二氧化硅的含量。应用X射线衍射作为现代分析手段,基于待测物相的质量百分含量与该物相在样品中的X射线衍射强度成线性的原理,可确切给出混合物的物相和物相的含量。本文使用此方法快速、方便地测定了蒙脱石中的α-SiO_2含量。     

基于混合交叉差分进化的相机空间操控系统参数优化

为了提高相机空间操控(CSM)系统的预测精度, 提出一种基于混合交叉操作的差分进化算法.该方法将CSM系统的视觉参数初值和平化距离参数Zo进行组合作为混合交叉差分进化算法的个体, 以CSM系统对目标点位置的预测精度作为个体的适应度函数, 通过进化迭代获得最优的参数组合.使用了实际机器人视觉系统获取的数据进行实验, 结果表明使用优化后的参数组合可以提高系统的预测精度.     

YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)四方向正交过渡的物相结构、电子结构和超导电性的研究

本文对单相YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-y)在不同温度淬火所得系列样品进行了X射线衍射分析物相结构分析和X光电子能谱电子结构分析以及电阻-温度特性测试和液氮温度下样品的电流密度与样品的电阻恢复率的关系曲线测试,讨论了样品的物相结构的相变过程、电子结构与超导电性的关系。     

Partner selection method in cooperative spatial modulation (CSM) system

In this work, to achieve higher capacity, spatial modulation (SM) is utilized in a cooperative scheme in two different models of Cooperative SM, where SM is applied either at the source or the selected partner through an antenna array. A theoretical model of SM capacity is defined based on closed form lower and upper bound of the SM capacity. Based on the theoretical analysis of the channel capacity in both CSM systems the simplest and easier to implement selection criteria have been suggested to select a single partner to maximize CSM capacity. The CSM system in which SM is applied through the partner’s antenna array is providing significant enhancement over the other CSM model and cooperative multiple-input-multiple-output (CO-MIMO) networks based on multiple partners. Moreover, the system with a single randomly selected partner equipped with four antennas, behaves similarly as the best configuration of CO-MIMO based on the cooperation of four partners with the computational complexity linearly increases with the number of available partners to help. All of the theoretical findings are verified through simulation studies.     

Photonic generation of millimeter-wave ultra-wideband signal using phase modulation to intensity modulation conversion and frequency up-conversion

We propose and experimentally demonstrate the generation of a pair of polarity-reversed 24 GHz millimeter-wave (MMW) ultra-wideband (UWB) monocycles. The scheme is realized by using delay interferometer (DI) based phase modulation to intensity modulation (PM–IM) conversion and carrier suppression modulation (CSM) based frequency up-conversion. The phase modulation is realized by using either electro-optic phase modulator (EOPM) or cross phase modulation (XPM) in semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), which is an all-optical approach to obtaining baseband UWB signals, respectively. After frequency up-converted by using CSM in a Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM), a pair of polarity-reversed 24 GHz MMW-UWB signals complying with the Federal Communication Committee (FCC) requirements is generated. The bi-phase modulation (BPM) of 24 GHz MMW-UWB signals can also be realized by electrically switching the bias voltage of delay interferometer.     

转动原子核的对关联变化

利用粒子数守恒方法,在i=11/2壳中精确处理了推转壳模型和粒子转子模型。研究了转动原子核对关联随角动量的变化情况。且通过对上述两种模型给出的对关联、能谱,顺排角动量和seniority结构的分析和比较,还对推转壳模型的可靠性进行了估价。 关键词：     

Numerical Studies of Vanka-Type Smoothers in Computational Solid Mechanics

In this paper multigrid smoothers of Vanka-type are studied in the context of Computational Solid Mechanics (CSM). These smoothers were originally developed to solve saddle-point systems arising in the field of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), particularly for incompressible flow problems. When treating (nearly) incompressible solids, similar equation systems arise so that it is reasonable to adopt the 'Vanka idea' for CSM. While there exist numerous studies about Vanka smoothers in the CFD literature, only few publications describe applications to solid mechanical problems. With this paper we want to contribute to closing this gap. We depict and compare four different Vanka-like smoothers, two of them are oriented towards the stabilised equal-order $Q_1/Q_1$ finite element pair. By means of different test configurations we assess how far the smoothers are able to handle the numerical difficulties that arise for nearly incompressible material and anisotropic meshes. On the one hand, we show that the efficiency of all Vanka-smoothers heavily depends on the proper parameter choice. On the other hand, we demonstrate that only some of them are able to robustly deal with more critical situations. Furthermore, we illustrate how the enclosure of the multigrid scheme by an outer Krylov space method influences the overall solver performance, and we extend all our examinations to the nonlinear finite deformation case.     

Elastic–plastic deformation of Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3–(6–7)% PbTiO3 single crystals during nanoindentation

The elastic–plastic deformation behavior of (001)- and (011)-oriented single crystal solid solutions of Pb(Zn_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃–(6–7)% PbTiO₃ (PZN–PT) have been studied using a nanoindentation technique. A procedure is presented here to isolate the elastic, elastic–plastic and plastic contributions to the deformation using the unloading data, and a parameter, referred to as relaxation, is defined to characterize the elastic–plastic deformation during nanoindentations. This relaxation parameter increases with the maximum indentation load due to the higher indentation stress induced, and it also causes less recovery of the material upon indentation unloading compared to predicted pure elastic recovery. For a (001) surface, the relaxation value remains virtually unchanged within the range of the maximum indentation load of 10–50 mN, possibly due to a complete localized depoling of the non-180° domain switching. It is also found that the unpoled surface is more prone to stress-induced depolarization compared to the poled surfaces. Furthermore, by applying the continuous stiffness measurement (CSM) technique, the effects of multiple loading/unloading are studied for both (001)- and (011)-oriented PZN–PTs using the maximum indentation loads of 20 and 50 mN. With more loading/unloading cycles at higher CSM frequencies, stress-induced depolarization becomes prevalent and the contribution of the domain reorientation towards elastic recovery is significantly reduced. As a consequence, the relaxation value is increased, indicating more elastic–plastic deformation. This CSM effect is especially pronounced for poled (011) surfaces.     

Prediction of radiative heat transfer in 2D irregular geometries using the collocation spectral method based on body-fitted coordinates

Recently, an efficient numerical method, which is called the collocation spectral method (CSM), for radiative heat transfer problems, has been proposed by the present authors. In this numerical method there exists the exponential convergence rate, which can obtain a very high accuracy even using a small number of grids. In this article, the CSM based on body-fitted coordinates (BFC) is extended to simulate radiative heat transfer problems in participating medium confined in 2D complex geometries. This numerical method makes simultaneously the use of the merits of both the CSM and BFC. In this numerical approach, the radiative transfer equation (RTE) in orthogonal Cartesian coordinates should be transformed into the equation in body-fitted nonorthogonal curvilinear coordinates. In order to test the efficiency of the developed method, several 2D complex irregular enclosures with curved boundaries and containing an absorbing, emitting and scattering medium are examined. The results obtained by the CSM are assessed by comparing the predictions with those in references. These comparisons indicate that the CSM based on BFC can be recommended as a good option to solve radiative heat transfer problems in complex geometries.     

Ultrasonic waves in diluted and densified suspensions

A theory of propagation of stress waves in diluted and densified suspensions is developed to make the theoretical basis for analysis of ultrasonic waves through these media. The formulae for the phase velocity and the attenuation coefficient are determined as the function of wave frequency and the suspension structure parameter, which is the volume or mass fraction of the solid phase. These formulae can be use, after suitable calibration, for determination of the solid volume fraction in diluted suspensions, and the solid mass fraction or the water content in densified suspensions, that is, parameters that characterize the structure of a suspension. These structure parameters can be determined by measuring the transition time of ultrasonic wave through a given distance of suspension. The phase velocity dispersion curves and the attenuation coefficients determined theoretically and experimentally are plotted as a function of the volume fraction of the solid phase for dilute suspension, or the solid mass fraction for densified suspension.     

Ultrasonic waves in diluted and densified suspensions

A theory of propagation of stress waves in diluted and densified suspensions is developed to make the theoretical basis for analysis of ultrasonic waves through these media. The formulae for the phase velocity and the attenuation coefficient are determined as the function of wave frequency and the suspension structure parameter, which is the volume or mass fraction of the solid phase. These formulae can be use, after suitable calibration, for determination of the solid volume fraction in diluted suspensions, and the solid mass fraction or the water content in densified suspensions, that is, parameters that characterize the structure of a suspension. These structure parameters can be determined by measuring the transition time of ultrasonic wave through a given distance of suspension. The phase velocity dispersion curves and the attenuation coefficients determined theoretically and experimentally are plotted as a function of the volume fraction of the solid phase for dilute suspension, or the solid mass fraction for densified suspension.     

Complex-scaled spectrum completeness for pedestrians

The Complex Scaling Method (CSM) is rephrased in terms of a Hamiltonian containing an optical potential. Traditional theorems concerning Jost solutions, the Jost function, residues of a suitable Green’s function at its poles, and the resolution of the identity are extended. Elementary derivations of the completeness of the CSM spectrum are detailed for the one and the two channel cases.     

配置点谱方法求解一维圆柱梯度折射率介质中的辐射传热

发展一种配置点谱方法，计算包含半透明各向异性散射介质的圆柱系统中的辐射传热.介质具有梯度折射率，并且散射反照率随空间位置变化.通过与精确解或其他方法的结果对比，验证配置点谱方法的准确性.结果表明：配置点谱方法仅采用少量的节点数就可以得到准确的辐射热流量.